This document provides an overview of shadows and perspective in architectural engineering. It defines key terms like shade, shadow, light source and direction. It explains the purpose of indicating shades and shadows is to visualize the third dimension, identify surface levels, and give designs a sense of reality. It also outlines different surface and line types like vertical, horizontal, diagonal and free position. Finally, it demonstrates point shadows and point imaginal shadows on different surface types. The overall purpose is to teach students the basics of how to indicate and understand shadows in architectural drawings.
Sciography of objects (shade & shadow)Ar. Aakansha
Ìý
A study of shades and shadows cast by simple architectural forms on plain surfaces.
Sciography is a branch of science of the perspective dealing with the projection of shadows, or delineation of an object in
perspective with its gradations of light and shade.
Sciography is the representation of shadows and gradations of light and shade. It is used in architecture to accurately depict shadows. The document defines sciography and explains that it studies how different objects cast shadows on surfaces based on assumptions about the light source. Specifically, it assumes the light source is the sun at a 45 degree azimuth and altitude angle, with parallel light rays. It also outlines rules for how parallel and perpendicular lines will cast shadows on parallel surfaces.
Intoduction to Design Summary Presentation ( Architecture ) Jordan Paing
Ìý
The document discusses various elements and principles of design that are important foundations in architecture. It defines points, lines, planes, volumes, shapes, scale, texture, pattern, color, harmony, contrast, balance, repetition and gradation. For each element/principle, it provides 1-2 descriptive sentences and 1-2 examples to illustrate how it is applied in architectural design. The overall document serves as a reference guide for architects on fundamental elements and design concepts.
The wall is a vertical plane that defines an enclosure and takes structural load. It has evolved over time from thick load-bearing walls to thinner non-load bearing walls. Key developments include the introduction of arches, which allowed for larger openings, and modern frame structures, which relieved walls of structural responsibilities. Walls have served purposes of support, defense, and separation of spaces through history. Their shapes can be straight, curved, or leaning, and materials have developed from living rock to masonry to modern reinforced concrete.
This document discusses various models and theories of the design process. It describes four phases of the design process according to the RIBA: assimilation, general study, development, and communication. It also discusses maps of the design process produced by academics Tom Markus and Tom Maver that were more elaborate. The document discusses problems and solutions in design, noting that problems are often unclear and designers question the stated problem. It describes design problems as multi-dimensional and interactive. It discusses various theories of thinking, including behaviorist, Gestalt, and cognitive science approaches. It also discusses different types of thinking like convergent and divergent thinking as well as creative thinking.
The document discusses several key concepts in architectural design including scale, proportion, human scale, hierarchy, symmetry, rhythm, and axis. It provides definitions and examples to illustrate each concept. Scale refers to size relative to a standard, while proportion is the relationship between parts and the whole. Elements like windowsills and door frames give buildings a human scale. Hierarchy is expressed through varying size, shape or placement of elements to show importance. Symmetry involves balanced patterns around a center. Rhythm uses repetition of shapes, progression of sizes, or line movement. An axis establishes a line of organization.
Elements & Prenciples of Architecture DesignWeam Adam
Ìý
This document discusses elements and principles of design. It outlines different colors and their common associations - black with authority, white with innocence, red with passion, green with wealth and nature, blue with peace, and purple with luxury. It then explains principles of design including balance, rhythm, emphasis, contrast, and unity. Symmetrical and asymmetrical balance as well as radial balance are defined. Scale and proportion relate to the size and shape of elements. Rhythm involves repetition. Emphasis creates focal points while contrast puts elements in opposition. Unity occurs when all elements work together cohesively.
The document discusses the model building process used in schematic design and design development. It describes different types of models like concept models, site contour models, and presentation models. It provides guidance on materials to use, such as matte board, foamcore board, and corrugated cardboard. It recommends X-Acto knives for cutting and provides tips for representing vegetation, grass, and roads in an abstract way in models.
it is about designing building by few articulation techniques, for example by altering its corners, or emphasizing its vertical, horizontal, base, roof, ceiling plane to add creativity.
the corners van be altered by cutting it, adding an element to it, curving it, opening it or even giving it a contrasting tone than the other surfaces.
Architectural Design Process for Beginners/StudentsGary Gilson
Ìý
This presentation outlines the architectural design process for beginners. It describes the typical stages of pre-design, design development, and post-design. In pre-design, students conduct project introduction, research through literature study and case studies, and site study including analysis and context. In design development, they create conceptual designs through zoning, conceptual ideas, and site plans. They then progress to detailed design with floor plans, sections, elevations, models, and area statements. The goal is to introduce architecture students to the design process used in many schools in India.
The document discusses lines, planes, and openings in art and architecture. It defines different types of lines such as straight lines and curve lines. It describes planes as surfaces generated by lines and lists types of planes like horizontal, vertical, and elevated planes. It also defines openings within planes, at corners, and between planes and provides examples of different opening types.
The document discusses various elements of space making including floor, column, wall, door, window, stair, roof. It focuses on defining each element, their evolution and anatomy, attributes, spatial roles, applications, and design considerations. Specifically, it provides detailed information about the floor, including its definition as a horizontal plane providing stability, its various typologies, evolution from early human settlements, and spatial roles such as defining space, serving as a datum, and guiding movement. It also discusses design considerations for the floor.
The document discusses various components of building circulation systems, including approaches, entrances, path configurations, and vertical circulation such as stairs. It describes how the form and design of these elements can impact the user experience by directing movement, marking transitions between spaces, and establishing hierarchies. Configurations discussed include linear, radial, spiral, grid, and network patterns. Characteristics like enclosure, scale, and location are also addressed in relation to how they shape user perception and navigation.
Contemporary architecture is the architecture of the 21st century. It aims to break away from standard processes and thinking and is innovative. No single style is dominant, as contemporary architects work in postmodern, high-tech, and expressive styles. It features curved lines, composite volumes, new materials like glass and plants, large windows, and environmental considerations. Famous examples include Walt Disney Concert Hall with billowing stainless steel, Galaxy Soho with connected spherical structures, and Congregation Beth Sholom with an imposing pyramidal roof.
This document discusses architectural design principles related to form and space. It explains that architectural form occurs at the junction between mass and space, and that both the form of masses containing space and the spatial volumes themselves should be considered. Various configurations of vertical planes, such as single planes, L-shaped arrangements, and parallel planes are examined for how they define and organize spatial fields at different scales. Examples of buildings and structures are provided to illustrate these concepts.
This document provides an overview of Greek architecture and city planning from 1200 BC to 30 BC. It discusses the key periods of development from the Aegean period through the Hellenistic period. The three Greek architectural orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian are defined. City components like the acropolis and agora are explained. Factors that influenced city development like climate and materials are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of Egyptian architecture. It describes the geographical and geological conditions in Egypt, noting the country's location along the Nile River valley and the building materials available, such as clay, limestone, and sandstone. It then discusses key aspects of Egyptian architecture like temples, tombs, and pyramids. It explains that temples and tombs were the main building types and describes some of their characteristic features, like massive walls, mud bricks, and orientation along the Nile River. The document also provides examples of different types of pyramids and tombs built for pharaohs and noblemen.
The document outlines the key elements and principles of architectural form that will be covered in a theory of architecture course. It includes definitions and examples of common geometric forms like the sphere, circle, hemisphere, cylinder, cone, pyramid, and cube. It discusses how these basic forms can be transformed through dimensional changes, subtractive processes, and additive processes. The document concludes with an assignment asking students to present a critical analysis of an architectural project by examining its use of forms, spatial configuration, and architectural principles.
The document discusses interior space and how it is defined and structured. Architectural elements like columns, walls, floors and roofs are used to articulate and delineate space. Structural systems like linear, planar and volumetric approaches influence the dimensions and arrangement of interior spaces. Interior design elements like partitions, ceilings, furniture, lighting and finishes are also used to further define spaces and influence spatial qualities within the overall architectural framework.
it is about dimensional, subtractive, additive, centralised, radial, clustered, grid forms.
it is about the design procedure and how can we make an innovative design follow ing a few simple transformation steps.
The document discusses several key design principles for organizing architectural elements:
- Datum refers to a reference line, plane or volume that relates and organizes other elements through regularity and continuity. A datum can organize elements linearly, planarly or volumetrically.
- Rhythm involves the systematic repetition of elements, similar to music or dance. In architecture, rhythm is created through repeated columns, windows, walls and other elements.
- Repetition and variation organize elements through repeated shapes, colors or designs that help unify different parts of a design.
- Transformation manipulates dimensions or adds/subtracts elements to generate variations while retaining a family resemblance.
- Hierarchy articulates importance through relative size, shape or placement of
The presentation discusses the elements of architecture including point, line, plane, form and space, shape, pattern, light, color, surface and texture. It focuses on defining each element and providing examples to illustrate how they are used in architectural design. Specifically, it examines points, lines and planes, and how they are used to define volumes and forms. It explores the properties of form, including shape, size, color, texture, position, orientation, and visual inertia. A variety of architectural examples are presented to demonstrate how these fundamental elements are incorporated into building design.
Egyptian architecture was heavily influenced by geographical, geological, climatic, historical, social, and religious factors. The Nile river provided resources and trade routes, and abundant stone like limestone was used for construction. Egypt's hot climate led to simple designs with massive unbroken walls. Egyptian architectural styles included temples, pyramids, mastabas, and rock-cut tombs. Columns resembled bundles of plant stems and capitals took forms like lotus buds. Temples had imposing gateways and courtyards, while pyramids served as tombs for pharaohs. Hieroglyphics, columns, obelisks, and symbols like the scarab beetle and lotus plant decorated Egyptian
The document discusses the building blocks of sketching, including using a visual language composed of mental models, skills, and rules. It covers different types of perspective including one, two, and three point perspective, and provides examples of applying perspective to cubes, cylinders, and spheres. Rules around shadows are presented. The goal is to bring all these elements together to improve sketching skills.
The document discusses light sources and shadows. It explains that the moon, water, and mirrors are not light sources themselves, but rather reflect light from other sources. It describes how cast shadows are created by opaque objects blocking light and how their shape depends on the object and light source. Specifically, it notes that a sphere casts a round or elliptical shadow depending on the light angle and that lower light sources create longer shadows. The document also provides tips for highlighting and shading drawings, such as using different pencil pressures to create values from light to dark.
Elements & Prenciples of Architecture DesignWeam Adam
Ìý
This document discusses elements and principles of design. It outlines different colors and their common associations - black with authority, white with innocence, red with passion, green with wealth and nature, blue with peace, and purple with luxury. It then explains principles of design including balance, rhythm, emphasis, contrast, and unity. Symmetrical and asymmetrical balance as well as radial balance are defined. Scale and proportion relate to the size and shape of elements. Rhythm involves repetition. Emphasis creates focal points while contrast puts elements in opposition. Unity occurs when all elements work together cohesively.
The document discusses the model building process used in schematic design and design development. It describes different types of models like concept models, site contour models, and presentation models. It provides guidance on materials to use, such as matte board, foamcore board, and corrugated cardboard. It recommends X-Acto knives for cutting and provides tips for representing vegetation, grass, and roads in an abstract way in models.
it is about designing building by few articulation techniques, for example by altering its corners, or emphasizing its vertical, horizontal, base, roof, ceiling plane to add creativity.
the corners van be altered by cutting it, adding an element to it, curving it, opening it or even giving it a contrasting tone than the other surfaces.
Architectural Design Process for Beginners/StudentsGary Gilson
Ìý
This presentation outlines the architectural design process for beginners. It describes the typical stages of pre-design, design development, and post-design. In pre-design, students conduct project introduction, research through literature study and case studies, and site study including analysis and context. In design development, they create conceptual designs through zoning, conceptual ideas, and site plans. They then progress to detailed design with floor plans, sections, elevations, models, and area statements. The goal is to introduce architecture students to the design process used in many schools in India.
The document discusses lines, planes, and openings in art and architecture. It defines different types of lines such as straight lines and curve lines. It describes planes as surfaces generated by lines and lists types of planes like horizontal, vertical, and elevated planes. It also defines openings within planes, at corners, and between planes and provides examples of different opening types.
The document discusses various elements of space making including floor, column, wall, door, window, stair, roof. It focuses on defining each element, their evolution and anatomy, attributes, spatial roles, applications, and design considerations. Specifically, it provides detailed information about the floor, including its definition as a horizontal plane providing stability, its various typologies, evolution from early human settlements, and spatial roles such as defining space, serving as a datum, and guiding movement. It also discusses design considerations for the floor.
The document discusses various components of building circulation systems, including approaches, entrances, path configurations, and vertical circulation such as stairs. It describes how the form and design of these elements can impact the user experience by directing movement, marking transitions between spaces, and establishing hierarchies. Configurations discussed include linear, radial, spiral, grid, and network patterns. Characteristics like enclosure, scale, and location are also addressed in relation to how they shape user perception and navigation.
Contemporary architecture is the architecture of the 21st century. It aims to break away from standard processes and thinking and is innovative. No single style is dominant, as contemporary architects work in postmodern, high-tech, and expressive styles. It features curved lines, composite volumes, new materials like glass and plants, large windows, and environmental considerations. Famous examples include Walt Disney Concert Hall with billowing stainless steel, Galaxy Soho with connected spherical structures, and Congregation Beth Sholom with an imposing pyramidal roof.
This document discusses architectural design principles related to form and space. It explains that architectural form occurs at the junction between mass and space, and that both the form of masses containing space and the spatial volumes themselves should be considered. Various configurations of vertical planes, such as single planes, L-shaped arrangements, and parallel planes are examined for how they define and organize spatial fields at different scales. Examples of buildings and structures are provided to illustrate these concepts.
This document provides an overview of Greek architecture and city planning from 1200 BC to 30 BC. It discusses the key periods of development from the Aegean period through the Hellenistic period. The three Greek architectural orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian are defined. City components like the acropolis and agora are explained. Factors that influenced city development like climate and materials are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of Egyptian architecture. It describes the geographical and geological conditions in Egypt, noting the country's location along the Nile River valley and the building materials available, such as clay, limestone, and sandstone. It then discusses key aspects of Egyptian architecture like temples, tombs, and pyramids. It explains that temples and tombs were the main building types and describes some of their characteristic features, like massive walls, mud bricks, and orientation along the Nile River. The document also provides examples of different types of pyramids and tombs built for pharaohs and noblemen.
The document outlines the key elements and principles of architectural form that will be covered in a theory of architecture course. It includes definitions and examples of common geometric forms like the sphere, circle, hemisphere, cylinder, cone, pyramid, and cube. It discusses how these basic forms can be transformed through dimensional changes, subtractive processes, and additive processes. The document concludes with an assignment asking students to present a critical analysis of an architectural project by examining its use of forms, spatial configuration, and architectural principles.
The document discusses interior space and how it is defined and structured. Architectural elements like columns, walls, floors and roofs are used to articulate and delineate space. Structural systems like linear, planar and volumetric approaches influence the dimensions and arrangement of interior spaces. Interior design elements like partitions, ceilings, furniture, lighting and finishes are also used to further define spaces and influence spatial qualities within the overall architectural framework.
it is about dimensional, subtractive, additive, centralised, radial, clustered, grid forms.
it is about the design procedure and how can we make an innovative design follow ing a few simple transformation steps.
The document discusses several key design principles for organizing architectural elements:
- Datum refers to a reference line, plane or volume that relates and organizes other elements through regularity and continuity. A datum can organize elements linearly, planarly or volumetrically.
- Rhythm involves the systematic repetition of elements, similar to music or dance. In architecture, rhythm is created through repeated columns, windows, walls and other elements.
- Repetition and variation organize elements through repeated shapes, colors or designs that help unify different parts of a design.
- Transformation manipulates dimensions or adds/subtracts elements to generate variations while retaining a family resemblance.
- Hierarchy articulates importance through relative size, shape or placement of
The presentation discusses the elements of architecture including point, line, plane, form and space, shape, pattern, light, color, surface and texture. It focuses on defining each element and providing examples to illustrate how they are used in architectural design. Specifically, it examines points, lines and planes, and how they are used to define volumes and forms. It explores the properties of form, including shape, size, color, texture, position, orientation, and visual inertia. A variety of architectural examples are presented to demonstrate how these fundamental elements are incorporated into building design.
Egyptian architecture was heavily influenced by geographical, geological, climatic, historical, social, and religious factors. The Nile river provided resources and trade routes, and abundant stone like limestone was used for construction. Egypt's hot climate led to simple designs with massive unbroken walls. Egyptian architectural styles included temples, pyramids, mastabas, and rock-cut tombs. Columns resembled bundles of plant stems and capitals took forms like lotus buds. Temples had imposing gateways and courtyards, while pyramids served as tombs for pharaohs. Hieroglyphics, columns, obelisks, and symbols like the scarab beetle and lotus plant decorated Egyptian
The document discusses the building blocks of sketching, including using a visual language composed of mental models, skills, and rules. It covers different types of perspective including one, two, and three point perspective, and provides examples of applying perspective to cubes, cylinders, and spheres. Rules around shadows are presented. The goal is to bring all these elements together to improve sketching skills.
The document discusses light sources and shadows. It explains that the moon, water, and mirrors are not light sources themselves, but rather reflect light from other sources. It describes how cast shadows are created by opaque objects blocking light and how their shape depends on the object and light source. Specifically, it notes that a sphere casts a round or elliptical shadow depending on the light angle and that lower light sources create longer shadows. The document also provides tips for highlighting and shading drawings, such as using different pencil pressures to create values from light to dark.
Inrto to Architectural Drawing and Graphics Iindiracad
Ìý
This document provides an overview of the Architectural Drawing and Graphics course. It describes the course scope, teaching methodology, schedule, and assessment criteria. The course aims to develop students' understanding of graphic communication in architecture. It covers topics like drawing instruments, graphic language components, plane and solid geometry, scale drawing, and sketching. Students will complete weekly assignments, have interactions with faculty, and a final sessional exam. The document lists the contact information for the three professors teaching the course.
Light travels in straight lines and can be reflected or refracted. There are three types of materials: transparent, translucent, and opaque. Shadows are formed when an object blocks light. The length and shape of a shadow depends on the position of the light source and object. An experiment was conducted to determine which material - transparent plastic, tissue paper, or black paper - makes the darkest shadow. Black paper produced the darkest shadow because it is opaque and does not let any light pass through.
Light travels in straight lines until interacting with objects. It can scatter, reflect, refract, or be absorbed. Reflection causes light to bounce off a surface at the same angle. Refraction causes light to change speed and direction when passing from one medium to another, such as from water to air. Absorption occurs when light is taken in by an object and its energy is transferred to heat.
The document discusses how the rotation of the Earth causes the position and length of shadows to change throughout the day. It notes that in the morning shadows are long and point west, becoming shorter until reaching their shortest at noon, then lengthening and pointing east in the afternoon as the sun sets in the west.
This document provides information about orthogonal projections and how to draw plans, elevations, and 3D orthographic projections of objects. It includes:
- Definitions of orthogonal projections, plans (top views), and elevations (front and side views)
- Steps for constructing orthogonal projections by drawing normals from corners to the projection plane
- Examples showing how to draw the plan, elevations and 3D orthographic projections of various objects
- Details on using different line types (solid, dashed, thin) to indicate visible and hidden edges
Light is an electromagnetic wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and can travel through space. It spreads in straight lines and carries energy. Light sources such as the sun emit light, while objects that do not emit light themselves are called dark bodies. When light hits surfaces, it can be reflected, absorbed, or pass through depending on whether the surface is opaque, translucent, or transparent. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Shadows form when light rays are blocked by an opaque object.
This document discusses the types and purposes of architectural drawings. It begins by defining drawings and their uses. It then describes the different types of architectural drawings, including concept sketches, survey drawings, presentation drawings, municipal drawings, working drawings, and record drawings. For each type of drawing, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose. It also discusses the components and standards of architectural drawings, such as site plans, floor plans, elevations, and sections. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the key types of drawings used in architectural design and construction projects.
This document discusses one-point and two-point perspective techniques in art. One-point perspective uses a single vanishing point to draw lines converging to create the illusion of depth. Two-point perspective uses two vanishing points, with lines drawn from shapes to each point. The document provides step-by-step instructions for creating basic one-point and two-point perspective drawings, explaining how to place shapes, draw orthogonal lines to vanishing points, and add parallel lines and shading to depict three-dimensional forms.
Architectural drawings are technical drawings used by architects to develop and communicate building design ideas. They include various standard views like floor plans, sections, elevations, and site plans. Floor plans show the arrangement of a building level and include furniture and fixtures. Site plans show the building footprint and surrounding context. Elevations display the front or sides of a building. Sections cut through a building to reveal interior details. Architectural drawings are scaled and use conventions for accurate representation and understanding of designs.
The document discusses several key properties of light, including:
- Reflection - Light bounces off surfaces at the same angle it hits.
- Refraction - Light bends as it passes from one medium to another, changing speed. The degree of bending depends on the medium's index of refraction.
- Interference - When two light waves meet, they can constructively or destructively interfere based on how their crests and troughs align.
It explores light's dual nature as both a wave and particle, demonstrated through experiments like Young's double-slit experiment showing light's wave-like interference patterns, and the photoelectric effect showing its particulate properties.
The document provides symbols and definitions used in architectural and engineering drawings. It includes symbols for architectural plans, structural elements, plumbing, HVAC, fire protection, materials, landscape, and drawing conventions. Key symbols defined are for walls, sections, fixtures, piping systems, materials, windows, doors, dimensions and references. The document is a comprehensive guide to the standardized symbols and abbreviations used in construction documents.
This document discusses different types of candle lamps made from terracotta using coiling and slab methods, and how their creative patterns and negative spaces create interesting shadows. It also covers an internship project designing laser-cut lamps using only laser cutting, that avoid additional joining processes and can be flat-packed for reduced packaging. Prototypes for the laser-cut lamps drew inspiration from origami and used acrylic material that could be assembled from a flat pack.
The document lists 6 of the natural wonders of the world: Mount Everest, the highest mountain in Nepal at 8,850 meters high; the River Nile, the longest river running through Egypt at 6,853 km, home to crocodiles, hippos, and dangerous fish; the Sahara Desert, the biggest and hottest desert spanning 9,200 sq km in North Africa and experiencing sand storms; Niagara Falls, the highest waterfalls between Canada and the US at 54m high and 950m wide; the Amazon Rainforest, the biggest rainforest covering 7,000 sq km in central and South America; and the Grand Canyon in Colorado, the deepest and widest canyon stretching 446km long and
This document provides contact information for an architecture rendering service by Paul Osman of www.archiset.ner. Paul Osman can be reached at 052-7747323 for architecture rendering services.
The document discusses light and shadows. It defines light as a form of energy and light sources as objects that produce light. Light sources can be natural, like the sun, or artificial, like lamps. When a light source shines on an opaque object, it creates a shadow on the surface behind the object by blocking the light's path. Reflection occurs when light hits the surface of an object and bounces off in the same or different directions depending on whether the surface is smooth or rough.
Patterns are predictable and repeatable designs, while texture is random. Both patterns and texture can be tactile elements that make up an artwork. Different artists, such as Aubrey Beardsley, Van Gogh, and Matisse, have used patterns and textures in their works. The document provides examples of templates for landscape and cubist artworks using patterns and textures, advising the reader to add black outlines last.
This document discusses different methods of perspective in images including computer generated perspective, perspective of a photo of a model, perspective of a known space from a photo, and geometric projection perspective. Geometric projection perspective involves using geometric rules to project three dimensional space onto a two dimensional surface.
This document lists activities available in Rome such as adventure, sketching, photography, excursions and art. It also mentions Rome as a location and provides the website StudyRome2014.com for more information.
The document discusses using tones and textures in artwork. It recommends using 6 grays of varying lightness and darkness, plus white and black, for a total of 8 tones. It also suggests using 6 pairs of light and dark grays to create textures. The document concludes by stating the key elements of tone sketches are texture, tone, and black.
This document outlines major architectural styles from the 20th century, including Early Modern in the early 1900s, Mid Century Modern in the 1950s, Late Modern in the late 1960s and 1970s, Post Modernism and Deconstructivism later in the century, and a Modern Revival at the end of the 20th century. Key dates are provided for the emergence of new styles throughout the century.
This document discusses different visual styles including shiny, matte, glossy, highlights, shading, reflections, and chrome. It also mentions including initials, names, or an illustration of someone else's shiny thing in three sentences or less.
Chris Kerins is a graphic designer with experience in architecture, set design, concept/themeing, website design, and architectural illustration. His design background includes graphic design, architecture, set design, concept/themeing, website design, and architectural illustration. He has created work for Atomic Blue and My First Mac focusing on real color, sketching, concept design, and illustration.
This document lists design attributes that can be analyzed such as color palette, line quality, form, geometry, texture, organization, material, dimensionality, and relationship of unit to whole. It provides example images to demonstrate these attributes.
The document provides guidelines for composition using a rule of threes structure with three options for size, value, line thickness, planes, and depth when composing an image or design. Small, light, thin, overhead, and foreground represent one option while large, dark, thick, vertical, and background represent the opposite option with a middle option in between.
The document provides guidelines for composition using a rule of threes structure with three options for size, value, line thickness, planes, and depth when composing an image or design. Small, light, thin, overhead, and foreground represent one option while large, dark, thick, vertical, and background represent the opposite option with a middle option in between.
This document provides instructions to sketch 5 types of arrows, 5 types of lines, 5 types of boxes, and 5 organic shapes in a sketchbook to practice different functional diagram elements. The goal is to experiment with the visual representation of various components and connections that could be used in functional diagrams.