The document discusses accountability in education and Latin America's progress in this area. It covers three key components of accountability: 1) setting clear and ambitious goals, 2) measuring performance against goals, and 3) rewarding success and addressing failure. Latin America has made some progress in the first two areas, with some countries adopting academic standards and implementing student testing. However, standards need further development and teacher performance is rarely evaluated. While most countries assess students, data systems are limited. Latin America lags most on the third component, as schools generally do not face consequences for underperformance. Incentives for good performance are rare and teachers are not rewarded or sanctioned based on student outcomes.