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Content:
1. INTRODUCTION (3)
2. A TOWN (4 – 6)
3. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION Ancient City (7 – 11)~
4. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION Present City (12 – 15)~
5. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION Future City (16 – 18)~
6. RADON TOWN OF EDUCATION THROUGH SUSTAINABILITY (19-27)~
7. CONCLUSION (28)
8. REFERENCES (29 – 30)
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Introduction
For the final ELEMENTS OF NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
(ENBE) project, we are tasked to create and propose a new town for the
increasing amount of citizens in Malaysia. We, being the mayor of the new
town has to propose a new town layout really quickly. The town has to be able
to provide sustainability for the citizens and the future.
Students are given several choices in choosing a theme to create a new town or
by re-enhancing a current town. Such as, a town with a lake, a town on a small
island, a town with a river flowing right through the town, a town next to the
sea or estuary.
So for this project, we have to conduct intense research online and research on
books to know the type of grid systems that are suitable. At the same time, for
a proper urban town planning, we have to consider zonings of the town,
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activities, transportation and networking infrastructure and sustainable
initiatives for better living.
TOWN
4

DEFINITION
/toun/
noun: town; plural noun: towns
an urban area that has a name, defined boundaries, and local government, and
that is generally larger than a village and smaller than a city
A BRIEF HISTORY
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The
size definition for what constitutes a "town" varies considerably in different
parts of the world.
The legal definition of a town in Canada varies by province or territory, as each
has jurisdiction over defining and legislating towns, cities and other types of
municipal organization within its own boundaries.
The province of Quebec is unique in that it makes no distinction under law
between towns and cities. There is no intermediate level in French
between villageand ville (municipality is an administrative term usually applied to a
legal, not geographical entity), so both are combined under the single legal
status of ville. While an informal preference may exist among English speakers
as to whether any individual ville is commonly referred to as a city or as a town,
no distinction and no objective legal criteria exist to make such a distinction
under law.
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COMPONENTS OF A GOOD SUSTAINABLE TOWN
A town that appreciates and embraces its history and culture.~
A town that has a desire to change for the better.~
Basic transportation for mobility of people.~
Well organized zones that equally separates spaces.~
Civilization of the people in the town as adjacent to the future.~
Heritage of the town that has established well.~
Waste are recycled and used as resources that does not decompose.~
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INVESTIGATION AND DATA COLLECTION
ANCIENT TOWN
HARAPPA
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The Harappan City was divided into the upper town called the Citadel and the
lower town. The various features of the Harappan town Planning is given
below:
Granaries: The granary was the largest structure in Mohenjodaro, in Harappa
there were about six granaries or storehouses. These were used for storing
grain.
Great Bath: This was another important structure in Mohenjodaro. The floor of
the bath had five layers. It was so watertight that even today it holds water.
There were changing rooms. People probably used it during festivals and
religious ceremoies.
Town Hall: A palace-like building that looked like an assembly hall for the city
government of for people to meet.
Lower Town: This was the residential area where the common people lived.
Streets: The roads and streets intersected at right angles. There were covered
drains along the road. Houses were built on either side of the roads and streets.
Drainage System: The drainage system of the Harappan cities was the best
known to the world in ancient times. The brickwork prevented the dirty water
from leaking. Wooden screens stopped the solid wastes from being washed away
with the water. Drains were built either side of the roads. They were covered
with stones which could be removed in order to clean them.
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Houses: The houses varied in size. Some might have been two storeyed. The
houses were made of burnt bricks. Most of the houses had central courtyard,
well, bathing area and kitchen.
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ANCIENT TOWN
ANGKOR WAT
Architecture
Spread over an area of more than 200 hectares, the Angkor Wat was built
using the two fundamental plans of Khmer architecture: the Temple Mountain
and the Galleried Temple. According to the Temple Mountain plan, the temple
is depicted as Mount Meru, the abode of Hindu Gods. The wall and moat
enclosing the temple, represent mountains and oceans respectively. The temple's
conformity with the Khmer architecture, can be best understood if we divided
the temple into an outer structure and inner structure.
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Structure
Outer Structure
The temple complex is enclosed within a 190 m wide moat. A stretch of 30 m
wide open ground separates the moat from the 4.5 m high outer wall that
surrounds the temple on all four sides. Entry to the temple complex is guarded
by an impressive architectural structure, which is on each side of the outer
wall, is known as the gopura. Inside the walls lies an area of 820,000 square
meters that not only has the temple, but that once also housed the entire city
and the royal palace.
Inner Structure
The inner structure contains the temple, that stands on a raised terrace made
of three rectangular galleries, rising to a central tower. The three galleries are
believed by some to represent Brahma - the creator according to Hindu
mythology, the moon, and Vishnu the Hindu god who is supposed to be the
preserver of all forms of life. The central tower forms a quincunx with the
other towers on the gallery to represent mount Meru, surrounded by other
peaks.
By the 12th century the Khmer craftsmen had become skilled workers of
sandstone. The temple is made of sandstone, and is intricately decorated with
scenes from Hindu epics, like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. It preserves the
style of the Khmer period, in the form of towers that are shaped like lotus buds,
cruciform terraces and axial galleries that connect enclosures.
Although the temple follows the basic principles of Khmer architecture, unlike
other temples built around the same time, the Angkor Wat faces the west. Some
believe that this deviation from the usual orientation of Khmer temples towards
the east, is because it is dedicated to Lord Vishnu, who is associated with the
west direction. However, some other scholars believe that orientation towards
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the west direction reflects Suryavarman II's desire to use the temple for
personal funerary purpose.
Angkor Wat is the largest temple in the world that has been compared to the
architecture of Rome and ancient Greece. It has been a part of the Angkor
World Heritage Site since 1992 and is a symbol of pride for the people of
Cambodia.
Hence, I would like to extract the town grid from the Harappa Town and the
culture and history loving spirit of Angkor Wat.
PRESENT TOWN
TOWNSVILLE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
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into my town Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland,
Australia. Adjacent to the central section of the Great Barrier Reef, it is in the
dry tropics region of Queensland.Townsville is Australia's largest urban centre
north of the Sunshine Coast, with a 2013 population estimate of
189,238,Considered the unofficial capital of North Queensland, Townsville
hosts a significant number of governmental, community and major business
administrative offices for the northern half of the state.
Popular attractions include "The Strand", a long tropical beach and garden
strip; Riverway, a riverfront parkland attraction located on the banks of Ross
River; Reef HQ, a large tropical aquarium holding many of the Great Barrier
Reef's native flora and fauna; the Museum of Tropical Queensland, built
around a display of relics from the sunken British warship HMS Pandora; The
Townsville Sports Reserve; and Magnetic Island, a large neighbouring island,
the vast majority of which is national park.
Inner city high-density development has also created population growth and
gentrification of the central business district (CBD). One significant
contributor to CBD development was the construction of a new rail passenger
terminal and moving the railway workshops, releasing prime real estate which
formerly belonged to Queensland Rail for the development of residential units,
retail projects and a new performing arts centre. The skyline of Townsville's
central business district has undergone dramatic changes over the last few
years, with a number of new highrise buildings, both commercial and
residential, constructed.
In the short term, much of the urban expansion will continue to the west and
the north, in the former City of Thuringowa. The most significant of these is
North Shore Estate, a new A$1 billion 5,000-lot housing estate, located close
to the Bruce Highway, just north of the Bohle River. Medium term expansion
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of Townsville will be focused on two major urban developments anticipated to
start soon. Rocky Springs, a satellite city to the south of Townsville, is
expected to eventually be home to 55,000 people. Additionally, the State
Government announced it will be offering 270ha of State-owned land (the
former abattoir reserve), just south of the Bohle River, for future urban
expansion.
As a result, I would also like to implement Queensville’s CBD strategies.
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FUTURE TOWN
GWANGGYO POWER CENTRE, SOUTH KOREA
The new city center designed by Dutch architects MVRDV for Gwanggyo, a
city coming up 35 kms from Seoul in South Korea seems to be something taken
out of the sci fi movies. Expected to be completed by 2011, the city is sufficient
enough to hold 77000 inhabitants and has a design envisioned with two
centers which is a mix of housing, culture, office, retail, and leisure and
education spaces. Various atriums are created in the towers catering to various
categories, with box hedges being planted on the roofs and terraces which in
turn improves ventilation and reduces usage of energy and water.
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[Press Release] MVRDV wins Gwanggyo City Centre Competition, near Seoul,
South Korea
The Daewoo Consortium and the municipality of Gwanggyo announced the
MVRDV concept design for a dense city centre winner of the developer’s
competition for the future new town of Gwanggyo, located 35km south of the
Korean capital Seoul. The plan consists of a series of overgrown hill shaped
buildings with great programmatic diversity, aiming for high urban density and
encouragement of further developments around this so-called ‘Power Centre’,
one of the envisioned two centre’s of the future new town.
Since the beginning of the millennium local nodes with a high density
concentration of mixed program are used in Korean town planning. These nodes
consist of a mix of public, retail, culture, housing, offices and leisure
generating life in new metropolitan areas and encouraging further
developments around them: the Power Centre strategy. The Gwanggyo Power
Centre will consist of 200,000m2 housing, 48,000m2 offices, 200,000m2
mix of culture, retail, leisure and education and 200,000m2 parking.
This diverse program has different needs for phasing, positioning and size. To
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facilitate this all elements are designed as rings. By pushing these rings
outwards, every part of the program receives a terrace for outdoor life.
Plantations around the terraces with a floor to floor circulation system store
water and irrigate the plants. The roofs of these hills and the terraces are
planted with box hedges creating a strong, recognizable, cohesive park. This
vertical park will improve the climate and ventilation, reduce energy and water
usage. As a result a series of overgrown green ‘hills’ appear in the landscape.
The site is surrounded by a beautiful lake and forested hills, the design aims to
create a landscape on top of the new program that enlarges the green qualities
and that links the surrounding parks by turning the siteinto a park.
The shifting of the floors causes as a counter effect hollow cores that form
large atriums. They serve as lobbies for the housing and offices, plazas for the
shopping center and halls for the museum and leisure functions. In each tower
a number of voids connect to the atrium providing for light and ventilation and
creating semi-public spaces. On the lower floors the atriums are connected
through a series of public spaces on various levels linking the towers and
serving the outdoor facilities of the culture, retail and leisure program. The
Power Centre creates a dense urban program with a green regard.
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Because of this, The element at Gwanggyo Town can be implemented in my
Town is the “Power Center” and high urban density. It has a floor to floor
circulation system which is store water and irrigate the plants. Beside that it
also have a climate ventilation which is reduce energy and water usage. So that
my Town will be looks more like green and sustainable town.
INSPIRED BY NATURE
TOWN OF FREYLAKE
Based on all the studies and research that I have done, I have decided to create
a town with a lake. This is because my main objectives of town will be a
business and tourism hub related to the lake.
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My town will consist of 80% of greenery throughout the town as all the
transportation routes are underground. I have chosen the name Freylake for my
town as it carries the meaning of peace and fertility.
This town grid system will be square grid system as this grid happens to be a
very structural grid as shown in the investigation about ancient city ; Harappa.
The reason of choosing it to be an business and tourism hub is because of
Townsville that has the connecting sea to the ports in Australia.
As for my transportation, all of the transportation routes will be underground
to reduce Co2 gasses as much as possible.
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ZONING OF FREYLAKE
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OVERALL MASTER PLAN OF FREYLAKE
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CONCLUSION
AFTER WEEKS OF CONTINUOUS RESEARCH I REALIZE THAT A TOWN DOES NOT
MEAN EVERYTHING HAS TO BE UNIFORM AND TO BE STRUCTURED BUT HOW
SUSTAINABLE IT CAN BE TO BE ABLE TO SUPPORT THE LIVES OF THE CITIZENS
AND THE FUTURE LIVING IN THE TOWN.
SUSTAINABILITY IS NOT ABOUT HOW EXPENSIVE OR POSH THE MATERIALS ARE,
BUT HOW THE MATERIALS LAST AND HOW MUCH EFFORT AND SWEAT HAS BEEN
APPLIED IN ORDER TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE THAT MATTERS MORE.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT WHAT PEOPLE USUALLY NEED TO SUSTAIN
THEIR LIVES AND FOR THEIR CONVENIENCE. BESIDE, WHILE PLANNING A TOWN,
IT IS HARD TO ARRANGE AND INSERT THE GREEN SPECIES SUCH AS TREES AND
FOREST, GREEN TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS SOLAR ENERGY INTO A LAYOUT OF THE
TOWN. ONCE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE TOWN IS ACHIEVED, THE CITIZEN
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ARE ALREADY LIVING IN THE FUTURE BECAUSE FUTURE TOWN IS A GREEN AND
SUSTAINABLE TOWN.
REFERENCES
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town Australia#
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- http://www.tuvie.com/future-new-town-of-gwanggyo-with-plantations-
around-the-terraces/
- * Roach, J. (2014). Lost City of Mohenjo Daro -- National
Geographic. [online] National Geographic. Available at:
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/mohenjo-
daro/?
rptregcta=reg free np&rptregcampaign=20131016 rw membership r_ _ _ _ _
1p intl dr w_ _ _ #
- * Centre, U. (2014). [online] Whc.unesco.org. Available at:
http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?
cid=31&l=en&id site=948&gallery=1&&maxrows=22_
- * Whitaker, A. (2014). Mohenjo Daro. [online] Ancient-wisdom.co.uk.
Available at: http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/Pakistanmohenjo.htm
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