CorynebacteriumGuddeti Prashanth KumarThis document provides information on Corynebacterium, including Corynebacterium diphtheriae which causes diphtheria. It discusses the morphology, cultural characteristics, biotypes, virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, complications, laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of C. diphtheriae. The key points are that C. diphtheriae is a gram-positive bacillus that produces a powerful exotoxin causing diphtheria, a serious infection of the upper respiratory tract, and immunization is important for control of the disease.
Bacterial vaccinesTean ZaheerBacterial vaccines can be prepared from whole killed or live attenuated bacteria, as well as purified components like capsular polysaccharides or toxins. They work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the disease-causing bacteria. Bacterial vaccines are evaluated for safety, sterility, and potency to ensure they induce a protective immune response without adverse effects. Tests involve injecting the vaccines into laboratory animals and humans to measure antibody levels and check for contamination.
SpirochetesSUMESH KUMAR DASHThis document provides information on spirochetes, including their morphology, classification, pathogenic species, and details on specific diseases caused by them. It discusses the characteristics of Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi, which cause syphilis and Lyme disease respectively. It also provides clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and other relevant details about these diseases. Leptospira interrogans is described as the causative agent of Weil's disease or leptospirosis. The document contains detailed diagrams and explanations.
17 spirochetesPrabesh Raj Jamkatel1. Spirochetes are spiral-shaped, motile bacteria that include pathogens causing syphilis, Lyme disease, and leptospirosis.
2. Treponema pallidum causes syphilis, which has primary, secondary, and tertiary stages and can be transmitted congenitally. Darkfield microscopy and serological tests are used for diagnosis.
3. Other human pathogenic spirochetes include Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease transmitted through tick bites, and Leptospira interrogans, which causes leptospirosis transmitted through contact with infected animal urine.
Glycemic Control in Adult ICUJosh Alderman, APRNIntensive glycemic control aimed at maintaining blood glucose between 80-110 mg/dl in adult ICU patients does not reduce mortality and significantly increases the risk of hypoglycemia compared to conventional control between 140-180 mg/dl. Multiple large randomized controlled trials found no benefit to intensive control and post-hoc analyses determined hypoglycemia independently increases mortality. Current guidelines recommend insulin therapy only for blood glucose over 180 mg/dl and targeting 140-180 mg/dl range to minimize hypoglycemia risk while avoiding hyperglycemia's harmful effects.
A Case of CIDPStanley Medical College, Department of MedicineThis document describes a case of a 32-year-old male who presented with weakness in all four limbs that progressed over a week. Based on examination and investigations, he was diagnosed with recurrent quadriparesis likely due to an autoimmune etiology of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). He showed improvement in symptoms with intravenous steroids and plasma exchange.
Cardiology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of heart failure including:
- Definitions and classifications of heart failure including left vs right sided failure and systolic vs diastolic failure.
- Etiologies of heart failure involving muscle disease, volume overload, and pressure overload on both sides of the heart.
- Precipitating factors and compensatory mechanisms the body uses to maintain cardiac output.
- Clinical presentations involving manifestations of low cardiac output and congestion on the left or right sides.
- Investigations used to diagnose heart failure including chest X-ray, ECG, and echocardiography.
3 elzohry mrcp questions - pass medicine 2013DrZahid Khan The mode of inheritance of haemochromatosis is autosomal recessive.
Liver &git hawary 2021Qayssar AlshammariDas Dokument besteht hauptsächlich aus wiederholten Verweisen auf einen Telegram-Kanal namens @audatabot. Es enthält keine weiteren erkennbaren Informationen oder Inhalte über das besagte Thema.
Hematology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThe document repeatedly mentions Zagazig University and Dr. Diaa Ahmed over multiple lines without providing any significant details about them. It does not communicate any essential information that could be summarized.
Endocrinology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document appears to be the third edition of a capsule series on internal medicine and endocrinology authored by Dr. Ahmed M. Mowafy. The text is written in Arabic and discusses topics related to internal medicine and endocrinology. It references capsule series and previous editions on these medical topics.
Nephrology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of nephrology and renal diseases. It discusses the anatomy and function of the kidney, investigations for renal diseases including urinalysis and blood tests, and various renal conditions such as chronic and acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and electrolyte imbalances. Drugs that can impair renal function are also reviewed. The document aims to explain renal diseases and their assessment through laboratory and imaging investigations.
Gout cdm2 2014_class version(1)Natalie BurmanGout is the most common cause of inflammatory arthritis in the US. Treatment of acute gout flares includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or colchicine. A randomized controlled trial found that oral prednisolone and naproxen provided equivalent pain relief for acute gout attacks. Colchicine is also effective for treating flares and preventing future attacks by interfering with neutrophil and monocyte activation. Management of gout focuses on both acute flare treatment and long-term urate-lowering therapy to reduce uric acid levels and prevent future attacks.
Kilakku Veluthathamaa.pdfbloomingstar3The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Hepatology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThe document discusses the anatomy, histology, blood supply, functions, and tests related to evaluating liver function. Key points:
- The liver is the largest internal organ, located in the right upper abdomen, and performs over 500 vital functions including metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis.
- The basic functional unit of the liver is the hepatic lobule, composed of hepatocytes arranged around a central vein and separated by sinusoids containing blood.
- The liver has a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery and portal vein and drains into the hepatic veins. Tests of liver function evaluate protein, carbohydrate, fat, and bilirubin metabolism and levels of liver enzymes.
قواعد اللغة العربية للصف السادس الابتدائيAyad Haris Bedenتتناول الوثيقة موضوعًا محددًا وتقدم معلومات أساسية تسلط الضوء على النقاط الرئيسية المتعلقة به. تشمل الوثيقة تفاصيل ومنظورات متعددة لتحليل القضية المطروحة. تقدم الوثيقة استنتاجات تهدف إلى دعم الفهم الأعمق للموضوع.
A case of POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY treated by Homeopathy - Speciality Homeopathic Cl...Speciality Homeopathy Clinic1) Ms. NP, a 48-year-old woman, was diagnosed with bilateral polycystic kidneys. She had a history of recurring pain in her kidneys and hematuria.
2) Her father and sister also had polycystic kidneys. She underwent preparations for dialysis but it was cancelled due to low hemoglobin. She was advised a renal transplant.
3) Under homeopathic treatment, her general condition improved significantly over time. Her blood pressure reduced, swelling reduced, and she was able to be more active. She recovered completely after several months of treatment.
Management of Chronic Complications of Diabetes: Review of Current Guidelines...Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityThis document discusses guidelines for managing chronic complications of diabetes, including microvascular and macrovascular complications. It provides an overview of the pathogenesis and risk factors for complications and reviews current guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for screening, treating, and setting goals for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. The guidelines recommend treating hypertension to a goal of <140/90 mmHg, prescribing statin therapy for diabetic patients above a certain age or risk level, and using antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.
Quran with Tajwid Surah 58 ﴾القرآن سورۃ المجادلة﴿ Al-Mujadila 🙪 PDFCaller To Islam / الداعية الإسلاميLIST OF SURAHS ► https://plus.google.com/+CallertoislamTk-site/posts/eF8NukHeGDB
Febuxostat medical slidesFaraz FarishtaDr. Faraz Farishta is a consultant endocrinologist and president of the Diabetes Awareness Foundation. The document discusses hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid in the blood) and its treatment. It describes that uric acid is produced from the breakdown of purine compounds and excreted primarily by the kidneys. Hyperuricemia can be caused by increased uric acid production or decreased excretion and is a risk factor for gout. The document evaluates treatments for hyperuricemia including medications like allopurinol and febuxostat, a newer xanthine oxidase inhibitor. It finds that febuxostat more effectively lowers uric acid levels and is
Neurology dr. sherif elhawary 2021Qayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of neurology topics including the central nervous system, motor and sensory systems, cranial nerves, cerebrovascular disease, and more. Key points include:
- The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is made up of the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, brainstem, and cerebellum.
- The motor system includes the pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar systems which control voluntary movement, as well as the lower motor neurons which transmit signals from the spinal cord to muscles.
- The sensory system conveys somatic sensations like touch, pain, and proprioception via three order neurons from receptors to the cortex. Special
Neurology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of various neurological conditions including hemiplegia, stroke, paraplegia, neurogenic bladder, peripheral neuropathy, myasthenia gravis, ataxia, parkinsonism, chorea, headache, migraine, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and more. It discusses the definition, features, causes, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and prognosis of each condition in 1-3 paragraphs per topic. The document is an educational reference for neurology written for medical students and clinicians.
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Liver &git hawary 2021Qayssar AlshammariDas Dokument besteht hauptsächlich aus wiederholten Verweisen auf einen Telegram-Kanal namens @audatabot. Es enthält keine weiteren erkennbaren Informationen oder Inhalte über das besagte Thema.
Hematology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThe document repeatedly mentions Zagazig University and Dr. Diaa Ahmed over multiple lines without providing any significant details about them. It does not communicate any essential information that could be summarized.
Endocrinology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document appears to be the third edition of a capsule series on internal medicine and endocrinology authored by Dr. Ahmed M. Mowafy. The text is written in Arabic and discusses topics related to internal medicine and endocrinology. It references capsule series and previous editions on these medical topics.
Nephrology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of nephrology and renal diseases. It discusses the anatomy and function of the kidney, investigations for renal diseases including urinalysis and blood tests, and various renal conditions such as chronic and acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and electrolyte imbalances. Drugs that can impair renal function are also reviewed. The document aims to explain renal diseases and their assessment through laboratory and imaging investigations.
Gout cdm2 2014_class version(1)Natalie BurmanGout is the most common cause of inflammatory arthritis in the US. Treatment of acute gout flares includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or colchicine. A randomized controlled trial found that oral prednisolone and naproxen provided equivalent pain relief for acute gout attacks. Colchicine is also effective for treating flares and preventing future attacks by interfering with neutrophil and monocyte activation. Management of gout focuses on both acute flare treatment and long-term urate-lowering therapy to reduce uric acid levels and prevent future attacks.
Kilakku Veluthathamaa.pdfbloomingstar3The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Hepatology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThe document discusses the anatomy, histology, blood supply, functions, and tests related to evaluating liver function. Key points:
- The liver is the largest internal organ, located in the right upper abdomen, and performs over 500 vital functions including metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis.
- The basic functional unit of the liver is the hepatic lobule, composed of hepatocytes arranged around a central vein and separated by sinusoids containing blood.
- The liver has a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery and portal vein and drains into the hepatic veins. Tests of liver function evaluate protein, carbohydrate, fat, and bilirubin metabolism and levels of liver enzymes.
قواعد اللغة العربية للصف السادس الابتدائيAyad Haris Bedenتتناول الوثيقة موضوعًا محددًا وتقدم معلومات أساسية تسلط الضوء على النقاط الرئيسية المتعلقة به. تشمل الوثيقة تفاصيل ومنظورات متعددة لتحليل القضية المطروحة. تقدم الوثيقة استنتاجات تهدف إلى دعم الفهم الأعمق للموضوع.
A case of POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY treated by Homeopathy - Speciality Homeopathic Cl...Speciality Homeopathy Clinic1) Ms. NP, a 48-year-old woman, was diagnosed with bilateral polycystic kidneys. She had a history of recurring pain in her kidneys and hematuria.
2) Her father and sister also had polycystic kidneys. She underwent preparations for dialysis but it was cancelled due to low hemoglobin. She was advised a renal transplant.
3) Under homeopathic treatment, her general condition improved significantly over time. Her blood pressure reduced, swelling reduced, and she was able to be more active. She recovered completely after several months of treatment.
Management of Chronic Complications of Diabetes: Review of Current Guidelines...Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityThis document discusses guidelines for managing chronic complications of diabetes, including microvascular and macrovascular complications. It provides an overview of the pathogenesis and risk factors for complications and reviews current guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for screening, treating, and setting goals for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. The guidelines recommend treating hypertension to a goal of <140/90 mmHg, prescribing statin therapy for diabetic patients above a certain age or risk level, and using antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.
Quran with Tajwid Surah 58 ﴾القرآن سورۃ المجادلة﴿ Al-Mujadila 🙪 PDFCaller To Islam / الداعية الإسلاميLIST OF SURAHS ► https://plus.google.com/+CallertoislamTk-site/posts/eF8NukHeGDB
Febuxostat medical slidesFaraz FarishtaDr. Faraz Farishta is a consultant endocrinologist and president of the Diabetes Awareness Foundation. The document discusses hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid in the blood) and its treatment. It describes that uric acid is produced from the breakdown of purine compounds and excreted primarily by the kidneys. Hyperuricemia can be caused by increased uric acid production or decreased excretion and is a risk factor for gout. The document evaluates treatments for hyperuricemia including medications like allopurinol and febuxostat, a newer xanthine oxidase inhibitor. It finds that febuxostat more effectively lowers uric acid levels and is
Neurology dr. sherif elhawary 2021Qayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of neurology topics including the central nervous system, motor and sensory systems, cranial nerves, cerebrovascular disease, and more. Key points include:
- The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is made up of the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, brainstem, and cerebellum.
- The motor system includes the pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar systems which control voluntary movement, as well as the lower motor neurons which transmit signals from the spinal cord to muscles.
- The sensory system conveys somatic sensations like touch, pain, and proprioception via three order neurons from receptors to the cortex. Special
Neurology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of various neurological conditions including hemiplegia, stroke, paraplegia, neurogenic bladder, peripheral neuropathy, myasthenia gravis, ataxia, parkinsonism, chorea, headache, migraine, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and more. It discusses the definition, features, causes, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and prognosis of each condition in 1-3 paragraphs per topic. The document is an educational reference for neurology written for medical students and clinicians.
Rheumatology dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of rheumatology. It defines rheumatology as connective tissue disorders involving articular and extraarticular manifestations, often autoimmune in nature. Key points include that rheumatoid arthritis predominantly affects females, while clinical presentations can involve general symptoms, articular features of distribution, description and deformity, and extra-articular manifestations across multiple organ systems. Investigations may include x-rays, synovial fluid analysis, blood tests like ESR and CRP, and serological tests for rheumatoid factor, ANA, and disease-specific antibodies. The document also provides brief descriptions of specific rheumatologic diseases.
Endocrinology revision dr.ahmed-mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document outlines various endocrinology topics including causes of conditions like Cushing syndrome, diabetes, stunted growth, hypercalcemia, hypoglycemia, hirsutism, and others. It also provides details on topics like diabetic management and complications, thyroid disorders, adrenal disorders, growth disorders, puberty disorders, obesity, and pituitary disorders. Treatment options and diagnostic criteria are discussed for many of these conditions.
Git mcqs dr.ahmed_mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document contains 28 multiple choice questions related to gastroenterology. Question 1 presents a case of a 56-year-old man with jaundice and asks for the next most appropriate diagnostic step, with the options being various imaging tests and liver biopsy. Question 2 asks which statement about achalasia is correct, with the options relating to symptoms and manometry findings. Question 3 asks about prophylaxis for NSAID-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient who requires NSAIDs.
Git dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document summarizes malabsorption syndrome, including its definition, causes, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment. The main causes of malabsorption syndrome are gastric, hepato-biliary, pancreatic, and intestinal issues. Common symptoms include steatorrhea, nutritional deficiencies, and weight loss. Investigations include fecal fat analysis, D-xylose tests, and small bowel imaging. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, dietary modifications, vitamin/mineral supplementation, and symptom relief.
Infections dr.ahmed mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document provides an overview of various infectious diseases including typhoid, brucellosis, infectious mononucleosis, fever of unknown origin, fever with rash, fever with bradycardia, fever with sore throat, treatment of some parasites, and malaria. For each disease, it discusses etiology, clinical presentation, investigations, differential diagnosis, and treatment approaches. The document is intended as a reference for medical professionals to review key details about common infectious conditions.
Pulmonology mcqs -dr.ahmed_mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document contains 65 multiple choice questions related to pulmonary medicine. The questions cover topics such as pulmonary function tests, pulmonary diseases (tuberculosis, pneumonia, asthma, etc.), pleural effusions, pulmonary function abnormalities, and pulmonary neoplasms. The correct answers are not provided.
Pulmonology revision dr.ahmed-mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document lists causes and diagnostic considerations for various pulmonary conditions. It includes 35 topics to briefly discuss, such as causes of pleural effusion, pneumonia, pneumothorax, and more. It also provides 23 "give reasons" questions addressing issues like symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chest pain in lung cancer, and jaundice in different respiratory diseases. The document serves as an outline of key pulmonary content for a medical student or resident to review.
Pulmonology old dr.ahmed-mowafyQayssar AlshammariThe document appears to be a collection of revision notes for pulmonology. It lists various topics related to pulmonary diseases and disorders, including causes of conditions like pleural effusion, pneumonia, and respiratory failure. It also provides short descriptions of diagnostic approaches and management for diseases such as COPD, asthma, tuberculosis, and lung cancer. The notes are intended as an aid for revising knowledge of pulmonology.
Cardiology revision dr.ahmed-mowafyQayssar AlshammariThis document lists numerous medical conditions and examination findings related to cardiology. It includes 73 items that enumerate various causes of conditions like diastolic heart failure, left sided heart failure, infective endocarditis, syncope, shock, and others. For each item, the causes, criteria for diagnosis, signs, complications, and indications for treatment are delineated in detail.