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The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions. The central glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland located in the brain. The hypothalamus controls body processes like temperature and hunger and communicates with the pituitary gland, which sends signals to other glands. Peripheral glands outside the brain include the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism, and the pancreas, which produces insulin to regulate blood sugar.
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Endocrine system
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This document describes the major endocrine glands of the human body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. It provides details on the location, function, and hormones produced by each endocrine gland and explains their roles in regulating processes throughout the body like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.Endocrine glands
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The document discusses the major endocrine glands of the human body, including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, gonads and pineal gland. It provides details on the location, function and hormones secreted by each gland. It also discusses hormones of the hypothalamus and how it regulates the pituitary gland. Conditions related to imbalances of certain hormones are mentioned, as well as feedback mechanisms involved in regulating blood glucose, calcium and other electrolyte levels. Diagrams illustrate the anatomy and cellular structure of each endocrine gland.ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BY ASHISH SENGAR (PPT).pptx
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Malaria is a life-threatening disease. Its typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your blood stream.
Phylum : Protozoa
Subphylum : Apicomplexa (Sporozoa)
Class : Telosporea
Genus : Plasmodium
Species : vivax
Plasmodium is one of the most harmful parasites of man.
It is a digenetic, intracellular parasite that lives in the liver cells and RBC of man. (It is extracellular in mosquito).
Its primary host is the female Anopheles mosquito and the secondary host is man. Reservoir host is monkey.
The infective stage is sickle shaped sporozoite and the mode of infection is inoculation.
Four species of Plasmodium cause four types of malaria in man.
They are
i) Plasmodium vivax benign tertian malaria
ii) Plasmodium falciparum malignant tertian malaria
iii) Plasmodium ovale mild tertian malaria
iv) Plasmodium malariae quartan malaria
Of all these four species, Plasmodium vivax is the most common and most widely distributed malaria parasite.
OBJECTIVES AND USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS
The aims of using drugs in relation to malarial infection are:
(i) To prevent clinical attack of malaria (prophylactic).
(ii) To treat clinical attack of malaria (clinical curative).
(iii) To completely eradicate the parasite from the patients body (radical curative).
(iv) To cutdown human-to-mosquito transmission (gametocidal).
These are achieved by attacking the parasite at its various stages of life cycle in the human host .
Antimalarials that act on erythrocytic schizogony are called erythrocytic schizontocides
Antimalarials that act on pre erythrocytic as well as exoerythrocytic (P. vivax) stages in liver are called tissue schizontocides,
Antimalarials which kill gametocytes in blood are called gametocides.
Severe and complicated falciparum malaria
This includes P. falciparum infection attended by any one or more of
Hyperparasitaemia,
Hyperpyrexia,
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance,
Acidosis,
Hypoglycaemia,
Prostration,
Cardiovascular collapse,
Jaundice,
Severe anaemia,
Spontaneous bleeding,
Pulmonary edema,
Haemoglobinuria,
Black water fever,
Renal failure
Cerebral malaria.
Artesunate: 2.4 mg/kg i.v. or i.m., followed by 2.4 mg/kg after 12 and 24 hours, and then once daily for 7 days. Switchover to 3 day oral ACT in between whenever the patient can take and tolerate oral medication.
or
Artemether: 3.2 mg/kg i.m. on the 1st day, followed by 1.6 mg/kg daily for 7 days. Switchover to 3 day oral ACT in between whenever the patient is able to take oral medication.
or
Arteether: 3.2 mg/kg i.m. on the 1st day, followed by 1.6 mg/kg daily for the next 4 days. Switchover to 3 day oral ACT inbetween whenever the patient is able to take oral medication.
or
Quinine diHCI: 20 mg/kg (loading dose) diluted in 10 ml/kg 5% dextrose/dextrose-saline and infused i.v. over 4 hours, followed by 10 mg/kg.
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more recently, first aid is defined as helping behaviors and initial care provided for an acute illness or injury.
it is concerned not only with physical injury or illness but also with other initial care, including psychosocial support for people suffering emotional distress from experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. IFRC 2016 resuscitation guidelines.
Experts have identified the following four (4) aims for First Aid practice and they are usually referred to as the 4 ps of First Aid :
To Preserve Or Save Life
To Prevent Worsening of the Condition
To Provide Psychosocial
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The first aid provider offers care using appropriate competencies, recognizes limitations and seeks additional care when needed.
IFRC international First Aid, resuscitation, and education guidelines 2020.
On a general note, some workplace may seem very safe and healthy. this is not true because many workplaces are very hazardous and expose employees to things that can injure them or make them suddenly ill. according to the international labor organization (ILO), some 2.3 million women and men around the world succumb to work-related accidents or diseases every year; this corresponds to over 6000 deaths every single day. worldwide, there are around 340 million occupational accidents and 160 million victims of work-related illnesses annually.
Many life threatening medical emergencies can degenerate very quickly. Instant First Aid reduces recovery time. For example, if bleeding is not swiftly stopped, it can degenerate into the casualty experiencing shock as a result of excessive loss of blood. this is why having a trained first aid provider on ground at work and elsewhere is very important.
When you give First Aid, it is important to protect yourself (and the casualty) from infection as well as injury.
Take steps to avoid cross-contaminationtransmitting germs or infection to a casualty or contracting infection from a casualty. remember, infection is a risk even with relatively minor injuries.
it is a particular concern if you are treating a wound, because blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis b or c and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), may be transmitted by contact with blood. In practice, the risk is low and should not deter you from carrying out first aid.
The risk increases if an infected persons blood makes contact with yours through a cut or scrape.
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View the Webinar Here! https://register.gotowebinar.com/register/6406525946022049119?source=web
While CPT saw a significant number of changes in 2025, only a handful affect the day to day function of the FQHC. In this session, well explore the updates that impact your organizations core functions and review current CMS policies relevant to these services in the FQHC setting. Well also explore new service code offerings from the HCPCS 2025 manual and explore whether they are reportable in your setting. Finally, well share helpful resources you can monitor to stay abreast of policy changes in the coming months.
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Transform Hospital Security: 7 Reasons to Use Visitor Management Software!
Hospitals handle a high volume of visitors daily, making security and patient safety a top priority. A smart Visitor Management System ensures controlled access, real-time tracking, and seamless check-ins while reducing unauthorized entries.
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endocrine-system-PPT.pptx
- 1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM MR.CHARAN VIKRAM ZAGADE DR.Y PATIL INSTITUTE OF NURSING EDUCATION PIMPRI, PUNE -18
- 3. DUCTLESS MEANING: Denoting a gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream, such as an endocrine gland or a lymph gland. CENTRAL GLANDS: The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland are in your brain. PERIPHERAL GLANDS Those glands outside of the nervous system. Where is the intercellular fluid? Fluid found in the spaces around cells. It comes from substances that leak out of blood capillaries (the smallest type of blood vessel).
- 9. The hypothalamus is a structure deep within your brain. Its the main link between your endocrine system and your nervous system. Your hypothalamus keeps your body balanced in a stable state called homeostasis.
- 10. Your hypothalamus receives chemical messages from nerve cells in your brain and from nerve cells in your body (your peripheral nervous system), which is also responding to signals outside your body.
- 11. Hypothalamus helps manage your: Body temperature. Blood pressure. Hunger and thirst. Sense of fullness when eating. Mood. Sex drive. Sleep.
- 13. 3. pituitary gland (also known as hypophysis) is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of your brain below your hypothalamus.
- 16. Pituitary gland monitors your body functions in much the same way. Pituitary sends signals to your organs and glands via its hormones to tell them what functions are needed and when. The right settings for your body depend on several factors, including your age and sex.
- 20. The thymus gland, located behind your sternum and between your lungs, is only active until puberty. The pinkish-gray organ has two thymic lobes. After puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat. Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells. puberty The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction.
- 22. Thyroid gland, endocrine gland that is located in the anterior part of the lower neck, below the larynx (voice box). The thyroid secretes hormones vital to metabolism and growth.
- 23. Its job is to produce and release two major hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones help to regulate many crucial bodily functions such as: Heart rate Body weight Muscle strength and control Breathing Body temperature Bone loss Blood lipid levels Menstrual cycles Central nervous system (CNS) Energy expenditure
- 25. Parathyroid glands (we all have 4 of them) are normally the size of a grain of rice. Occasionally they can be as large as a pea and still be normal. The four parathyroids are located behind the thyroid. Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in your blood. Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in your bones.
- 33. THYROID GLAND
- 36. PANCREAS