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English 101. Pronouns

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Pronouns are words that replace nouns and there are several types of pronouns: demonstrative pronouns indicate specific people or things, indefinite pronouns refer to non-specific people or things, interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions, personal pronouns represent people or things, possessive pronouns show ownership, and relative pronouns introduce adjective clauses to provide more information about a noun.

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English 101. Pronouns
Pronouns are words that replace nouns came from the Latin word pronomen, "something in place of a name" are identifying words that take the place of a noun or noun phrase. e.g., this, those, each, few, myself, themselves, who, which, her, our, whom, whose
1) Demonstrative Pronouns are used to demonstrate (or indicate). are used to replace specific people or things that have been previously mentioned (or are understood from context). Singular: that, this Plural: those, these
2) Indefinite Pronouns are used for non-specific things or refer to a non-specific person or thing. This is the largest group of pronouns.
2) Indefinite Pronouns Singular: Another, Anybody, Anyone, Anything, Each, Either, Enough, Everybody, Everyone, Everything, Less, Little, Much, Neither, Nobody, No One, Nothing, One, Other, Somebody, Someone, Something, etc. Plural: Both, Few, Fewer, Many, Others, Several, etc. It can be singular or Plural: All, Any, More, Most, None, Some, Such, etc.
3) Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions (or to interrogate). who, whom, whose, which, & what The interrogative pronouns with the suffix - ever are used for emphasis or to show surprise. whoever, whatever, etc.
4) Personal Pronouns represent people or things. Singular: I, she, he Plural: you, we, they
Most personal pronouns have a different form for each case. First Person Singular Personal Pronoun Nominative Objective Possessive I Me My Forms of Pronoun Who Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose
5) Possessive Pronouns are used to show possession or ownership. as they are used as adjectives, they are also known as possessive adjectives. Singular: my, his, her, its Plural: your, our, their, whose
6) Absolute Possessive Pronouns also show possession but can stand alone & do not modify nouns; a.k.a. absolute possessives. Singular: mine, his, hers, its Plural: yours, ours, theirs
Cases of Personal Pronouns Person Subjective Case Objective Case Possessive Case Possessive Adj. Possessive Case Absolute Possessive Pron. 1st Person Singular I me my mine 2nd Person Singular You you your yours 3rd Person Singular he/she/it him/her/it his/her/its his/hers/its 1st Person Plural We us our ours 2nd Person Plural You you your yours 3rd Person Plural They them their theirs
7) Reciprocal Pronouns are used for actions or feelings that are reciprocated; express a mutual action or relationship. Each other; one another e.g. They like one another. They love each other.
7) Reflexive Pronouns refer to another noun or pronoun in the sentence (usually the subject of the sentence), when something does something to itself, commonly end with self or selves Singular: myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves
8) Intensive (or Emphatic) Pronouns refer back to another noun or pronoun in the sentence to emphasize it (e.g., to emphasize that it is the thing carrying out the action) Singular: myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves
9) Relative Pronouns are used to add more information to a sentence a pronoun that introduces an adjective clause (a description for a noun). Singular: That, Who, Whom Plural: Which, Whose
9) Relative Pronouns The description comes after the noun to (1) identify it. e.g. The lady who made your dress is waiting outside. (The noun is the lady. The relative pronoun is who. The adjective clause identifying the lady is the underlined.)
9) Relative Pronouns The description comes after the noun to (2) tell us more information about i e.g. I rode my bike, which now had two flat tires, back home. (The noun is my bike. The adjective clause tells us some information about it, the underlined clause.)
English 101. Pronouns

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English 101. Pronouns

  • 2. Pronouns are words that replace nouns came from the Latin word pronomen, "something in place of a name" are identifying words that take the place of a noun or noun phrase. e.g., this, those, each, few, myself, themselves, who, which, her, our, whom, whose
  • 3. 1) Demonstrative Pronouns are used to demonstrate (or indicate). are used to replace specific people or things that have been previously mentioned (or are understood from context). Singular: that, this Plural: those, these
  • 4. 2) Indefinite Pronouns are used for non-specific things or refer to a non-specific person or thing. This is the largest group of pronouns.
  • 5. 2) Indefinite Pronouns Singular: Another, Anybody, Anyone, Anything, Each, Either, Enough, Everybody, Everyone, Everything, Less, Little, Much, Neither, Nobody, No One, Nothing, One, Other, Somebody, Someone, Something, etc. Plural: Both, Few, Fewer, Many, Others, Several, etc. It can be singular or Plural: All, Any, More, Most, None, Some, Such, etc.
  • 6. 3) Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions (or to interrogate). who, whom, whose, which, & what The interrogative pronouns with the suffix - ever are used for emphasis or to show surprise. whoever, whatever, etc.
  • 7. 4) Personal Pronouns represent people or things. Singular: I, she, he Plural: you, we, they
  • 8. Most personal pronouns have a different form for each case. First Person Singular Personal Pronoun Nominative Objective Possessive I Me My Forms of Pronoun Who Nominative Objective Possessive who whom whose
  • 9. 5) Possessive Pronouns are used to show possession or ownership. as they are used as adjectives, they are also known as possessive adjectives. Singular: my, his, her, its Plural: your, our, their, whose
  • 10. 6) Absolute Possessive Pronouns also show possession but can stand alone & do not modify nouns; a.k.a. absolute possessives. Singular: mine, his, hers, its Plural: yours, ours, theirs
  • 11. Cases of Personal Pronouns Person Subjective Case Objective Case Possessive Case Possessive Adj. Possessive Case Absolute Possessive Pron. 1st Person Singular I me my mine 2nd Person Singular You you your yours 3rd Person Singular he/she/it him/her/it his/her/its his/hers/its 1st Person Plural We us our ours 2nd Person Plural You you your yours 3rd Person Plural They them their theirs
  • 12. 7) Reciprocal Pronouns are used for actions or feelings that are reciprocated; express a mutual action or relationship. Each other; one another e.g. They like one another. They love each other.
  • 13. 7) Reflexive Pronouns refer to another noun or pronoun in the sentence (usually the subject of the sentence), when something does something to itself, commonly end with self or selves Singular: myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves
  • 14. 8) Intensive (or Emphatic) Pronouns refer back to another noun or pronoun in the sentence to emphasize it (e.g., to emphasize that it is the thing carrying out the action) Singular: myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves
  • 15. 9) Relative Pronouns are used to add more information to a sentence a pronoun that introduces an adjective clause (a description for a noun). Singular: That, Who, Whom Plural: Which, Whose
  • 16. 9) Relative Pronouns The description comes after the noun to (1) identify it. e.g. The lady who made your dress is waiting outside. (The noun is the lady. The relative pronoun is who. The adjective clause identifying the lady is the underlined.)
  • 17. 9) Relative Pronouns The description comes after the noun to (2) tell us more information about i e.g. I rode my bike, which now had two flat tires, back home. (The noun is my bike. The adjective clause tells us some information about it, the underlined clause.)

Editor's Notes

  1. Parts of Speech, words classified according to their functions in sentences, for purposes of traditional grammatical analysis. Eight parts of speech are usually identified: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, verbs, and interjections. Most of the major language groups spoken today, notably the Indo-European languages and Semitic languages, use almost the identical categories; Chinese, however, has fewer parts of speech than English.
  2. - English pronouns differ from nouns in sometimes having an objective form, e.g. "her" for "she" and "me" for "I."
  3. Example: - This is my beloved friend. - Those are responsible students.
  4. * Unlike demonstrative pronouns, which point out specific items
  5. Anyone has shared good ideas. Others are not doing our activities. All of the learner has been listening. All of the students are learning many things.
  6. e.g.: Who got the high score? What is your dream? Whom shall I teach? Interrogative Adjective Whose chair is that? (the word Whose modifies chair) If interrogative pronouns ask question, why that how, when, where, & why are not included as pronouns?
  7. e.g. The boy brings his book. Our examples are good paradigm.
  8. e.g. If hers is missing, give yours. Their grades are as good as ours. Theirs are beautiful, ours are attractive.
  9. John pinched himself. We often ask ourselves why we are so naive.
  10. I heard the lovesong myself. (The intensive pronoun myself emphasizes that I heard the lie.) The students themselves attended the assembly. (The students is the noun being intensified.)