1. Medical Ethics
Professor ( Dr ) Monem Alshok
Department of Medicine
,College of Medicine
Babylon University
2. It is now generally agreed that medical Ethics
should be an integral part of medical education
throughout undergraduates , postgraduates
. Medical Education
It had been recognized that good doctor
patient relationships were required to achieve
. the goals of medicine
Although there is disagreement & different
opinions among experts about what aspects of
Medical Ethics but the wide agreement has
nevertheless emerged in recent years is that we
should teach medical Ethics especially for
.medical students & residents
3. Why We Teach ? Medical Ethics
.Contribution to the care of patients
Improve quality of patient care in term
.of both the process & outcome of care
. Improve Ethics of Decision _ Making
.Improve Skills of Ethical Analysis
4. Who should Teach Clinical Medical Ethics
?
Should be taught by those who did . 1
it well and who has the capacity to
motivate students and residents to
improve the quality of both :
patient outcomes and their patient
physician interactions
2.Physician Teachers are especially
desirable , having their teachers'
modeling of ethical behavior &
.professional conduct
5. What ? Should Be Taught
The teaching of clinical medical Ethics
: should include 3 dimensions
Cognitive Knowledge 2.Behavioral .1
Skills
.Character development. 3
6. How and When should Clinical Medical Ethics be
?taught
principles ( the 6 C 's ) had been emphasized by 6
.one of the university
.Clinically based )1(
.Case based )2(
Continuously reinforced in class .( 4 year )3(
medical students and whenever possible , ethics
teaching should be linked with students other
learning objectives ( e.g.) an ideal time to teach
about brain death & vegetative state is during a
basic science course on neuroanatomy &
.neurophysiology
.Coordinated with clinical clerkships )4(
Clean ( Simple ) , e.g. informed consent , teach )5(
how you make ? in simple way
Clinician as instructors . also as role models ) 6(
.for students
8. :Methods
:The course consist of series of lectures
* .Introductory lecture
General Medical Ethics with concentration on the 4 *
principle or fundamentals of Ethics ( Beneficence ,
) Non malfecience ,Autonomy & justice
Patient doctor relationships , Doctor relation to *
his colloquiesand relation to society
Ethics in Specialized medical disciplines *
Ethics in researches & in recent advances of *
medical
technology , in Organ transplantation ,Assisted life
prolongation & End of life issues ,Euthanasea ,Quality
of life issues ,Stem cell research , Surrogacy & few
other Ethical dilemmas
38. : Results
of the students thought the course is %85
theoretically & practically useful .A
bout 75% of the students mention the
course is relevant to their medical training
.& to their future career
consider that the issues of patient %80
Dr relationships & Dr Dr relationships an
.important teaching subject
Few of the 6th year student were unable
.to recall the 4 principles
mention the method of problem 10%
solving approach & be simple way & the
.language better in Arabic
39. The students are an important materials in the
evaluation of the . medical education
They have to be involved in planning for
development of medical curriculum also during
assessment of this medical curriculum , that is
why we consider their overviews & opinions
Finally we hope in future we can introduce the
programmed that involve engagement of the
students in project work , small groups
workshops & seminars ; and also every attempts
will be made to encourage other faculty staffs
from various medical disciplines to share in our
course & participate in the education of clinical
. medical Ethics
40. Some example of Case teaching
:approach
Q1.An elderly woman is admitted to the hospital after
suffering from stroke . She is not conscious & must be fed
through NGT . She does not have a living will or a health
care proxy . However , her son insists to hospital that he
? . wants the tube removed so his mother can die
Q2 .What is Islamic position on fetal tissue & stem cell
? transplant
Iran has taken a very pragmatic approach and taken a lead
in the Islamic world to allow stem cell research , even
(eugenics and animal cloning. (Mansur Senaie ,2006
Q3 . Is abortion allowed for pregnancy happed by rape or in
? unmarried virgin girl