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Explaining how GenAI works
( in a noisy pub )
Simon Aubury
@SimonAubury
GenAI
You may have heard of it?
2
Training
Pre training & 鍖ne tuning
Large language models - 3 things 
Data
A bunch of text
Architecture
The transformer
3
1. Data
Lets compress the internet
5
Beer
Image by Republica from Pixabay
WebVectors Online for "beer"
Image by Christian_Birkholz from Pixabay
2. Architecture
The transformer
Image by delo from Pixabay
Understanding language can be challenging
9
The group of friends bought cold beer at the
local pub to celebrate their reunion.
context
context
Transformers
10
Source: Attention Is All You Need https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762
Self-attention
11
Inspired by DeepLearning.AI
The
group
of
friends
bought
cold
beer
The
group
of
friends
bought
cold
beer
A transformer + data
= a base model
12
The base model
Data
Transformer
Base model
Completion
Base model
13
Completions
Beer
is
served
best
cold
with
friends
Context
Base model + context
= completion
3. Training
Pre training & 鍖ne-tuning
15
How to train your LLM
Pretraining (once)
1. PBs of text.
2. 1000s of GPUs.
3. Compress the text into
a neural network,
4. Pay  wait 
 Obtain base model.
Fine-tuning (recurring)
1. 1000s ideal Q&A
responses (human)
2. Finetune base model
on this data wait 
3. Obtain assistant model
4. Evaluate, deploy &
monitor
鶲 It is faster to pick than to generate.
16
Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
(RLHF)
鐃緒申 鐃緒申
鐃緒申
Training
Pre training & 鍖ne tuning
Large language models
Data
A bunch of text
Architecture
The transformer
17
18
Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)
What drink should
I order?
 The entire history of
software engineering
is one of rising levels
of abstraction.
Grady Booch, IBM chief scientist
19
20
Thanks!
@SimonAubury
Presentation template by 際際滷sCarnival, Icons Flaticon photos Unsplash and Pixabay

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