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Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. These worms are spread by blood-feeding insects such as black flies and mosquitoes.

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FILARIASIS Ms. Sonam sharma Asst. professor
Definition Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. These worms are spread by blood-feeding insects such as black flies and mosquitoes.
Environmental triad Agent: Filariasis-causing Parasites Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi Brugia timori
Host: Humans Susceptibility: Individuals in endemic areas are at higher risk, especially those who live in conditions that favor mosquito breeding, such as near stagnant water. Behavioral Factors: Activities that increase exposure to mosquito bites, such as working or sleeping outdoors, enhance susceptibility. Immune Response: The hosts immune response can influence the severity and progression of the disease.
FILARIASIS.pptx
FILARIASIS.pptx
Environment: Factors that Influence Transmission Climate: Warm, humid climates are ideal for mosquito breeding and survival. Tropical and subtropical regions are most affected. Water Sources: Stagnant water bodies, such as ponds, ditches, and poorly drained areas, provide breeding sites for mosquitoes.
FILARIASIS.pptx
Housing Conditions: Poor housing with inadequate protection against mosquitoes increases the risk of bites. This includes lack of window screens, bed nets, and other protective measures. Sanitation: Poor sanitation and waste management contribute to the proliferation of mosquito breeding sites.
FILARIASIS.pptx
Symptoms Acute Stage: Lymphadenitis: Inflammation and swelling of the lymph nodes, often accompanied by pain. Commonly affected areas include the armpits, groin, and neck.
Lymphangitis: Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, leading to red streaks on the skin extending from the infected lymph nodes. Fever and chills may accompany this inflammation.
Episodic Fever: Recurrent episodes of fever, often coinciding with acute inflammation in the lymphatic system.
Dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA): Acute inflammatory episodes involving the skin and lymph nodes. Characterized by fever, chills, pain, and swelling in the affected area, often with systemic symptoms.
Chronic Stage: Lymphedema: Persistent swelling of the limbs, usually the legs and arms, due to impaired lymphatic drainage. The skin may become thickened and hard over time.
Elephantiasis: Severe swelling and thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, particularly in the legs, arms, breasts, and genitals. The affected areas become extremely enlarged and deformed, leading to significant disability.
Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum, causing swelling and discomfort in men. Can lead to chronic pain and impaired sexual function.
Chyluria: Presence of lymphatic fluid in the urine, leading to a milky appearance. This condition can cause nutritional deficiencies and kidney damage over time.
Other Symptoms Skin Changes: Thickening, hardening, and cracking of the skin, especially in the affected areas. Fungal and bacterial infections may occur due to compromised skin integrity. Pain and Discomfort: Chronic pain in the affected limbs or genitals, often exacerbated by secondary infections and inflammation. Systemic Symptoms: General malaise, fatigue, and reduced physical activity due to chronic pain and swelling.
Diagnosis Blood Tests: Detection of microfilariae in the bloodstream, particularly during the night when they are most abundant. Antigen Detection: Immunological tests to detect filarial antigens. Ultrasound: To visualize adult worms, especially in the scrotal area. X-ray and MRI: Imaging to assess the extent of lymphatic damage.
Treatment Antifilarial Medications: Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), ivermectin, and albendazole are commonly used to kill microfilariae and, to some extent, adult worms. Management of Symptoms: Hygiene, exercise, and use of compression garments to manage lymphedema. Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove fibrous tissue and alleviate symptoms of elephantiasis.
Prevention Vector Control: Use of insect repellent, mosquito nets, and insecticide spraying to reduce exposure to mosquito bites. Mass Drug Administration (MDA): Community-wide distribution of antifilarial medications to reduce the prevalence of the infection.
FILARIASIS.pptx

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FILARIASIS.pptx

  • 2. Definition Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. These worms are spread by blood-feeding insects such as black flies and mosquitoes.
  • 3. Environmental triad Agent: Filariasis-causing Parasites Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi Brugia timori
  • 4. Host: Humans Susceptibility: Individuals in endemic areas are at higher risk, especially those who live in conditions that favor mosquito breeding, such as near stagnant water. Behavioral Factors: Activities that increase exposure to mosquito bites, such as working or sleeping outdoors, enhance susceptibility. Immune Response: The hosts immune response can influence the severity and progression of the disease.
  • 7. Environment: Factors that Influence Transmission Climate: Warm, humid climates are ideal for mosquito breeding and survival. Tropical and subtropical regions are most affected. Water Sources: Stagnant water bodies, such as ponds, ditches, and poorly drained areas, provide breeding sites for mosquitoes.
  • 9. Housing Conditions: Poor housing with inadequate protection against mosquitoes increases the risk of bites. This includes lack of window screens, bed nets, and other protective measures. Sanitation: Poor sanitation and waste management contribute to the proliferation of mosquito breeding sites.
  • 11. Symptoms Acute Stage: Lymphadenitis: Inflammation and swelling of the lymph nodes, often accompanied by pain. Commonly affected areas include the armpits, groin, and neck.
  • 12. Lymphangitis: Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, leading to red streaks on the skin extending from the infected lymph nodes. Fever and chills may accompany this inflammation.
  • 13. Episodic Fever: Recurrent episodes of fever, often coinciding with acute inflammation in the lymphatic system.
  • 14. Dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA): Acute inflammatory episodes involving the skin and lymph nodes. Characterized by fever, chills, pain, and swelling in the affected area, often with systemic symptoms.
  • 15. Chronic Stage: Lymphedema: Persistent swelling of the limbs, usually the legs and arms, due to impaired lymphatic drainage. The skin may become thickened and hard over time.
  • 16. Elephantiasis: Severe swelling and thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, particularly in the legs, arms, breasts, and genitals. The affected areas become extremely enlarged and deformed, leading to significant disability.
  • 17. Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum, causing swelling and discomfort in men. Can lead to chronic pain and impaired sexual function.
  • 18. Chyluria: Presence of lymphatic fluid in the urine, leading to a milky appearance. This condition can cause nutritional deficiencies and kidney damage over time.
  • 19. Other Symptoms Skin Changes: Thickening, hardening, and cracking of the skin, especially in the affected areas. Fungal and bacterial infections may occur due to compromised skin integrity. Pain and Discomfort: Chronic pain in the affected limbs or genitals, often exacerbated by secondary infections and inflammation. Systemic Symptoms: General malaise, fatigue, and reduced physical activity due to chronic pain and swelling.
  • 20. Diagnosis Blood Tests: Detection of microfilariae in the bloodstream, particularly during the night when they are most abundant. Antigen Detection: Immunological tests to detect filarial antigens. Ultrasound: To visualize adult worms, especially in the scrotal area. X-ray and MRI: Imaging to assess the extent of lymphatic damage.
  • 21. Treatment Antifilarial Medications: Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), ivermectin, and albendazole are commonly used to kill microfilariae and, to some extent, adult worms. Management of Symptoms: Hygiene, exercise, and use of compression garments to manage lymphedema. Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove fibrous tissue and alleviate symptoms of elephantiasis.
  • 22. Prevention Vector Control: Use of insect repellent, mosquito nets, and insecticide spraying to reduce exposure to mosquito bites. Mass Drug Administration (MDA): Community-wide distribution of antifilarial medications to reduce the prevalence of the infection.