Finals Lesson 2- Plate Tectonics1023.pdf
- 5. LearningObjectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Explain how the continents drift. 2. Explain plate tectonics as a unifying theory. 3. Explain how the seafloor spreads. 4. Differentiate among the types of stress and deformation that rocks undergo. (S11ES-IId-27) 5. Describe faults and folds. (S11ES-IIg-h-34) 6. Differentiate among divergent, convergent, and transform
- 7. He wrote The Origin of Continents and Oceans that contains the continental drift hypothesis. States that the movement of plates caused and is still causing the movement of continents. Proposed by Alfred Lothar Wegener
- 9. According to plate tectonics theory, the lithosphere behaves as a strong, rigid layer which is broken into segments known as plates. Plate Tectonics Theory
- 11. Parts of a Fault Fault line Hanging wall block Footwall block -serves as the trace of the fault -refers to the surface below the fault -the overlying side of the fault
- 12. Faults ➢Fracture or breaks in Earth's crust ➢ fault is a discernible displacement where rocks grind or slide past each other.
- 13. TYPES OF FAULT Normal Fault Reverse Fault Strike- Slip Fault
- 14. Normal fault Fracture along which the footwall moves up and the hanging wall on the other side moves down. is formed by tensional stresses that pull the Earth’s crust apart
- 15. Reverse fault Fracture where the hanging wall moves up while the foot wall moves down. is formed by the compressional forces that push the plates towards each other.
- 16. Strike-slip fault occurs when the blocks of rocks move horizontally past each other. This is a product of shear stress and is usually present in the transform plate boundary.
- 17. • Active faults have produced earthquakes within the last 10, 000 years and they may still continue to do so. Active and Inactive Faults • Inactive faults are those that do not show signs of ever hanging produced an earthquake in the last 10,000 years bit still have the possibility of producing one in the future.
- 18. Stress ➢Stress is a force exerted on an object, in this case, a rock.
- 20. squeezes and shortens the layer of rock. acts in parallel but opposite directions. Compressive stress Shear stress
- 21. causes rocks to be pulled apart which fractures and lengthens the layer of rock. Extensional or tensional stress
- 24. are formed when two plates move away from each other resulting in the rising of the molten material. Divergent Boundaries are formed when two plates move toward each other Convergent Boundaries (also transform fault boundaries) happen when two plates simply slide horizontally past each other. Transform Plate Boundaries
- 26. Plate Tectonics Puzzle Activity 1 Plate tectonics Puzzle 1) What are the three types of plate boundaries? 2) How do divergent plate boundaries differ from convergent plate boundaries? 3) What landforms are associated with transform plate boundaries? Guide Questions
- 28. Magnitude It refers to the amount of energy released by an earthquake as the ground shakes. Richter scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. Intensity is a measure of the amount of energy of the earthquake based on property damage. Intensity is measured using the Modified Mercalli scale. PHIVOLCS provides a scale similar to modified Mercalli called PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale.
- 29. this hypothesis explains the formation of oceanic crust Seafloor Spreading Theory Proposed by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz
- 30. Hess suggested that the oceanic crust together with overlying continental crust are moving. He stated that oceanic crust spreads start to cool down and become denser as it moves away from the ridge. Seafloor Spreading Theory