The AFFIRM trial compared rate control versus rhythm control strategies for treating atrial fibrillation among patients at high risk of stroke or death. It found that rhythm control did not provide a survival benefit over rate control, and was associated with some increased mortality. The trial demonstrated that rate control is a reasonable strategy for managing atrial fibrillation in high-risk patients.
The STITCH trial evaluated the effect of CABG plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) versus OMT alone on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and coronary artery disease. A sub-study examined the role of assessing myocardial viability to identify patients who benefit most from CABG. Of 601 patients who underwent viability testing, 487 had viable myocardium and 114 did not. There was no significant interaction between viability status and treatment assignment on mortality or other outcomes. Assessing viability did not identify patients with differential survival benefit from CABG versus OMT alone.
1) The CLOSURE-I trial found that percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with the STARFlex device plus medical therapy did not provide a significant benefit over medical therapy alone in preventing recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients under age 60 who had a cryptogenic stroke or TIA and a PFO.
2) The trial observed a higher rate of atrial fibrillation and major vascular complications in the device closure group compared to medical therapy alone.
3) The results were inconclusive as to whether PFO closure benefits patient subgroups based on the degree of shunting or presence of an atrial septal aneurysm.
Patent Foramen Ovale,practical plan of handling.pptAliaa Shaban
油
This document discusses the management of patients with cryptogenic stroke and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). It outlines the diagnosis and assessment of PFO, including using transthoracic echocardiography as a first-line test. It describes estimating the likelihood a PFO caused the stroke based on patient characteristics, clinical clues, and PFO anatomy. The risk of stroke recurrence is assessed, and medical therapy and PFO closure are discussed as treatment options. Guidelines recommend medical therapy for a first cryptogenic stroke without risk factors, and considering PFO closure for high-risk anatomical features or recurrent events despite medical treatment.
INOCA, or ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries, affects a large proportion of patients undergoing angiography who do not have obstructive coronary artery disease. INOCA can result from heterogeneous mechanisms like coronary vasospasm and microvascular dysfunction and is not benign, as it is associated with increased cardiovascular events and impaired quality of life. The diagnosis of MINOCA, a type of INOCA, requires meeting criteria for an acute myocardial infarction but having non-obstructive arteries on angiography and no other clear cause identified. Further evaluation is then needed to determine the underlying cause of MINOCA.
The study investigated changes in symptoms and stress testing results over one year in patients with INOCA (ischemic heart disease with <50% stenosis but signs of ischemia). It found that about half of INOCA patients had normal stress echo results after one year, but 45% had the same or worse ischemia. There was no correlation between changes in angina and changes in ischemia. The study aims to better understand the natural history and whether ischemia solely causes angina in INOCA patients.
This document summarizes information about patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure procedures. It begins by describing a PFO and conditions it can be associated with like cryptogenic stroke. It then discusses devices used for closure like the Amplatzer PFO Occluder and the procedure. Risks include air embolism or device migration. The document also reviews trials that have evaluated PFO closure for stroke prevention. While some trials were negative, a meta-analysis showed a trend favoring closure, particularly in high-risk groups. Ongoing trials aim to provide more clarity around PFO closure benefits.
Cryptogenic stroke and PFO have always been a controversial topic with no closure trial in the past showing significant benefit from closing the PFO in preventing the recurrent stroke. Also thought to be due to imperfect definition of cryptogenic stroke which is evolving with drop in the fraction of patients from 20-40% in the past to very fewer numbers due to increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in acute stroke. Recent trials REDUCE and CLOSE targeted the niche population of PFO with moderate to large shunt and atrial septal aneurysm and showed benefit of closing PFO compared to the antiplatelet therapy alone but with the risk of A.fib, device and procedure related complications. This presentation is made in the Cerebrovascular center weekly conference at the Cleveland Clinic with my perspective after these current trials.
Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy is a type of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by chronic or frequent tachycardia that leads to impaired left ventricular function. This impairment is partially or fully reversible by controlling the heart rate. The document discusses the criteria, types, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy. Treatment focuses on heart rate control through medications, ablation, or devices, which can improve ejection fraction and heart failure symptoms over time.
This document summarizes neurological dysfunction that can occur after cardiac surgery. It notes that postoperative cognitive dysfunction and silent brain infarcts are common, occurring in 30-80% and 50% of patients respectively. The document reviews findings from several studies. One study found silent brain infarct rates of 0.71% after TAVR and 0.25% after CABG. Another study found early postoperative slowing on cognitive tests that normalized by 3 months post-op. The document recommends neuroprotective strategies like lidocaine and hypothermia to reduce neurological complications after cardiac surgery.
Carotid artery stenting an update on atheroscleroticNeurologyKota
油
Carotid artery stenting is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for treating carotid artery stenosis caused by atherosclerosis. The document provides recommendations for treatment of asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid stenosis. It summarizes data from trials comparing outcomes of carotid endarterectomy and stenting to medical management. The risks and benefits of carotid endarterectomy and stenting are discussed, along with indications, contraindications, procedural details, complications, and long-term outcomes of the procedures. Guidelines recommend carotid endarterectomy or stenting only when the risk of perioperative stroke and death is low (<6%).
The document discusses newer advancements in heart failure device therapy. It summarizes that device therapies have greatly improved outcomes for heart failure patients. Some key devices discussed include implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) which reduce sudden cardiac death, cardiac resynchronization therapy which improves heart function, and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) which are increasingly being used as long term support devices or as a destination therapy for end stage heart failure patients. The document provides details on the development, indications, benefits and risks of these various heart failure devices.
COMPARES OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY WITH INVASIVE THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA ON NON INVASIVE STRESS TESTING
This document discusses carotid artery stenting (CAS) as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. It provides details on patient selection criteria and describes the CAS procedure, including diagnostic arteriography, embolic protection device placement, stent placement, and post-procedure care. Several major clinical trials are summarized that demonstrated CAS to be non-inferior to CEA for reducing risk of stroke in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Carotid artery stenting is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for treating carotid artery stenosis. The document discusses the indications for and procedures involved in carotid revascularization. It summarizes several key studies comparing stenting to endarterectomy. For symptomatic patients, stenting was found to be non-inferior to surgery with the risk of stroke or death below 6%. Recent advances discussed include new embolic protection devices, stent designs like double layer mesh stents, and the transradial approach to reduce manipulation of complex aortic arches. Overall the document provides an overview of carotid stenting procedures and updates on recent technology improvements aimed at reducing risks.
DETAILS OF EVIDENCE TAVI FROM ITS EXISTENCE IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY TO THE SURTAVI REGISTRY ..AS AN OPTION FROM HIGH RISK UNOPERABLE PATIENTS TO INTERMEDIATE AND LOW RISK PATIENTS
- Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure devices provide a less invasive alternative to surgical LAA closure for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients. The WATCHMAN and Amplatzer Cardiac Plug are the most widely used devices.
- Major trials like PROTECT AF have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of LAA closure with the WATCHMAN device. FDA approval is pending for its use in warfarin-eligible patients.
- Percutaneous LAA closure procedures involve transseptal access and deployment of self-expanding nitinol devices into the LAA orifice. Complete sealing of the LAA is confirmed prior to device release.
The document discusses leadless pacemakers as an alternative to traditional transvenous pacemakers. It provides a brief history of pacemakers and then describes the key advantages of leadless pacemakers as being less invasive, having a shorter procedure time and recovery period, and eliminating complications related to transvenous leads. It summarizes the results of clinical trials showing the safety and efficacy of implanting leadless pacemakers, with high implant success rates and low complication rates similar to traditional pacemakers.
Este documento presenta dos casos cl鱈nicos de pacientes con estenosis a坦rtica y discute diversos temas relacionados con el diagn坦stico y tratamiento de la estenosis a坦rtica de bajo gradiente. Se analizan las inconsistencias en la clasificaci坦n de la severidad de la estenosis a坦rtica basada solo en par叩metros ecocardiogr叩ficos y la importancia de considerar factores como la forma el鱈ptica del tracto de salida ventricular izquierdo. Tambi辿n se discuten las diferencias pron坦sticas entre pacientes con funci坦n ventricular izquierda
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator - the evidence behind the guidelinesJunhao Koh
油
This document summarizes a presentation on implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). It discusses the history of ICD development by pioneers Martin Mower and Michel Mirowski. Major clinical trials that established the use of ICDs for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death are summarized, including MADIT, MUSTT, and SCD-HeFT. The presentation addresses ongoing questions around appropriate patient selection and optimization of medical therapy prior to ICD implantation.
The Evolution of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Utilizing Current Technology ...Jose Osorio
油
This document discusses challenges in atrial fibrillation ablation and how integrating new technologies can help address them. It describes how mapping systems, contact force sensing catheters, and intracardiac imaging have improved efficiency, safety and efficacy. A standardized clinical workflow is presented that utilizes these technologies to optimize lesion delivery, allow real-time monitoring and validation of results. This approach has led to significant reductions in procedure time, fluoroscopy use and repeat procedures while maintaining low complication rates.
This document discusses anticoagulant options for atrial fibrillation patients in Asia, specifically whether to switch patients stable on warfarin to novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). It notes that maintaining the international normalized ratio for warfarin is challenging in Asian patients who are also at higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Clinical trials found NOACs reduced strokes, systemic embolisms, myocardial infarctions and all-cause death similarly in Asian and non-Asian patients, while significantly reducing hemorrhagic strokes in Asians. The document concludes NOACs are preferred over warfarin for Asian atrial fibrillation patients due to better efficacy and safety outcomes as well as
This document summarizes information about patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure procedures. It begins by describing a PFO and conditions it can be associated with like cryptogenic stroke. It then discusses devices used for closure like the Amplatzer PFO Occluder and the procedure. Risks include air embolism or device migration. The document also reviews trials that have evaluated PFO closure for stroke prevention. While some trials were negative, a meta-analysis showed a trend favoring closure, particularly in high-risk groups. Ongoing trials aim to provide more clarity around PFO closure benefits.
Cryptogenic stroke and PFO have always been a controversial topic with no closure trial in the past showing significant benefit from closing the PFO in preventing the recurrent stroke. Also thought to be due to imperfect definition of cryptogenic stroke which is evolving with drop in the fraction of patients from 20-40% in the past to very fewer numbers due to increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in acute stroke. Recent trials REDUCE and CLOSE targeted the niche population of PFO with moderate to large shunt and atrial septal aneurysm and showed benefit of closing PFO compared to the antiplatelet therapy alone but with the risk of A.fib, device and procedure related complications. This presentation is made in the Cerebrovascular center weekly conference at the Cleveland Clinic with my perspective after these current trials.
Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy is a type of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by chronic or frequent tachycardia that leads to impaired left ventricular function. This impairment is partially or fully reversible by controlling the heart rate. The document discusses the criteria, types, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy. Treatment focuses on heart rate control through medications, ablation, or devices, which can improve ejection fraction and heart failure symptoms over time.
This document summarizes neurological dysfunction that can occur after cardiac surgery. It notes that postoperative cognitive dysfunction and silent brain infarcts are common, occurring in 30-80% and 50% of patients respectively. The document reviews findings from several studies. One study found silent brain infarct rates of 0.71% after TAVR and 0.25% after CABG. Another study found early postoperative slowing on cognitive tests that normalized by 3 months post-op. The document recommends neuroprotective strategies like lidocaine and hypothermia to reduce neurological complications after cardiac surgery.
Carotid artery stenting an update on atheroscleroticNeurologyKota
油
Carotid artery stenting is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for treating carotid artery stenosis caused by atherosclerosis. The document provides recommendations for treatment of asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid stenosis. It summarizes data from trials comparing outcomes of carotid endarterectomy and stenting to medical management. The risks and benefits of carotid endarterectomy and stenting are discussed, along with indications, contraindications, procedural details, complications, and long-term outcomes of the procedures. Guidelines recommend carotid endarterectomy or stenting only when the risk of perioperative stroke and death is low (<6%).
The document discusses newer advancements in heart failure device therapy. It summarizes that device therapies have greatly improved outcomes for heart failure patients. Some key devices discussed include implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) which reduce sudden cardiac death, cardiac resynchronization therapy which improves heart function, and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) which are increasingly being used as long term support devices or as a destination therapy for end stage heart failure patients. The document provides details on the development, indications, benefits and risks of these various heart failure devices.
COMPARES OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY WITH INVASIVE THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA ON NON INVASIVE STRESS TESTING
This document discusses carotid artery stenting (CAS) as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. It provides details on patient selection criteria and describes the CAS procedure, including diagnostic arteriography, embolic protection device placement, stent placement, and post-procedure care. Several major clinical trials are summarized that demonstrated CAS to be non-inferior to CEA for reducing risk of stroke in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Carotid artery stenting is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for treating carotid artery stenosis. The document discusses the indications for and procedures involved in carotid revascularization. It summarizes several key studies comparing stenting to endarterectomy. For symptomatic patients, stenting was found to be non-inferior to surgery with the risk of stroke or death below 6%. Recent advances discussed include new embolic protection devices, stent designs like double layer mesh stents, and the transradial approach to reduce manipulation of complex aortic arches. Overall the document provides an overview of carotid stenting procedures and updates on recent technology improvements aimed at reducing risks.
DETAILS OF EVIDENCE TAVI FROM ITS EXISTENCE IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY TO THE SURTAVI REGISTRY ..AS AN OPTION FROM HIGH RISK UNOPERABLE PATIENTS TO INTERMEDIATE AND LOW RISK PATIENTS
- Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure devices provide a less invasive alternative to surgical LAA closure for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients. The WATCHMAN and Amplatzer Cardiac Plug are the most widely used devices.
- Major trials like PROTECT AF have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of LAA closure with the WATCHMAN device. FDA approval is pending for its use in warfarin-eligible patients.
- Percutaneous LAA closure procedures involve transseptal access and deployment of self-expanding nitinol devices into the LAA orifice. Complete sealing of the LAA is confirmed prior to device release.
The document discusses leadless pacemakers as an alternative to traditional transvenous pacemakers. It provides a brief history of pacemakers and then describes the key advantages of leadless pacemakers as being less invasive, having a shorter procedure time and recovery period, and eliminating complications related to transvenous leads. It summarizes the results of clinical trials showing the safety and efficacy of implanting leadless pacemakers, with high implant success rates and low complication rates similar to traditional pacemakers.
Este documento presenta dos casos cl鱈nicos de pacientes con estenosis a坦rtica y discute diversos temas relacionados con el diagn坦stico y tratamiento de la estenosis a坦rtica de bajo gradiente. Se analizan las inconsistencias en la clasificaci坦n de la severidad de la estenosis a坦rtica basada solo en par叩metros ecocardiogr叩ficos y la importancia de considerar factores como la forma el鱈ptica del tracto de salida ventricular izquierdo. Tambi辿n se discuten las diferencias pron坦sticas entre pacientes con funci坦n ventricular izquierda
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator - the evidence behind the guidelinesJunhao Koh
油
This document summarizes a presentation on implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). It discusses the history of ICD development by pioneers Martin Mower and Michel Mirowski. Major clinical trials that established the use of ICDs for primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death are summarized, including MADIT, MUSTT, and SCD-HeFT. The presentation addresses ongoing questions around appropriate patient selection and optimization of medical therapy prior to ICD implantation.
The Evolution of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Utilizing Current Technology ...Jose Osorio
油
This document discusses challenges in atrial fibrillation ablation and how integrating new technologies can help address them. It describes how mapping systems, contact force sensing catheters, and intracardiac imaging have improved efficiency, safety and efficacy. A standardized clinical workflow is presented that utilizes these technologies to optimize lesion delivery, allow real-time monitoring and validation of results. This approach has led to significant reductions in procedure time, fluoroscopy use and repeat procedures while maintaining low complication rates.
This document discusses anticoagulant options for atrial fibrillation patients in Asia, specifically whether to switch patients stable on warfarin to novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). It notes that maintaining the international normalized ratio for warfarin is challenging in Asian patients who are also at higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Clinical trials found NOACs reduced strokes, systemic embolisms, myocardial infarctions and all-cause death similarly in Asian and non-Asian patients, while significantly reducing hemorrhagic strokes in Asians. The document concludes NOACs are preferred over warfarin for Asian atrial fibrillation patients due to better efficacy and safety outcomes as well as
Imaging delle Malattie Neurodegenerative: le DemenzeASMaD
油
Presentazione a cura del Professor Luigi Mansi - XII属 Congresso Nazionale FIMeG 2018 - The Silver Tsunami: l'anziano fra appropriatezza e farmaeconomia
This document discusses the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including:
- Approved PAH therapies such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and prostanoids.
- The three main pathways involved in PAH pathogenesis.
- Treatment recommendations for PAH associated with congenital heart disease, including the use of PAH-specific therapies.
- Evidence that PAH-specific therapies can reduce mortality in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome.
- Lung transplantation is an option for patients with inadequate response to maximal PAH therapy.
H trattamento dellipertensione arteriosa polmonareguch-piemonte
油
This document discusses the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary arterial hypertension has several underlying causes, with the most common being idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension at around 50% of cases. Medications are the primary treatment and work to dilate blood vessels and improve heart function. These include endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, prostanoids, and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered.
8. La diversita garantisce la sopravvivenza
Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to
changing environments
9. ANSA: 'Nessuno e' perfetto
Ognuno di noi 辿 portatore di 400 geni mutati e di
due mutazioni a carico di geni noti per essere
direttamente associati a una qualche malattia. Una
persona su dieci potrebbe sviluppare una malattia
genetica nel corso della vita
Varianti genetiche non
patologiche fisiologiche ??
10. Varianti genetiche non
patologiche fisiologiche ??
Il decennio 2001-2010 e stato
dichiarato dallONU il decennio della
biodiversit
La biodiversit ha vantaggi
Ecologici
Culturali
Economici
13. 2 Mld x 6000 E x
device = > 12.000
Mld di fatturato
Escludendo bambini < 1 a, il PFO
e presente in ca 2 Mld di persone
14. Incidenza di stroke ischemico
DONT CLOSE !
con PFO: 1.1% persone / anno
senza PFO: 0.9% persone / anno
in persone < 60 anni..incidenza di stroke
< 0.52%
La prevenzione primaria puo
difficilmente modificare loutcome
15. Malattie infettive e benessere
SEBBENE
65.000.000 persone negli US abbiano un PFO
Il 98.4% non avra mai un evento ischemico
Il PFO si possa chiudere col tempo...
Il mondo occidentale / sviluppato
trasmette ai mondi ex-poveri le
proprie patologie (coronaropatia,
diabete, ictus..)
16. Medici noti iniziano le presentazioni con
ALL PFOs SHOULD BE CLOSED..
Il forame ovale non e una
malattia ma un enabler di
malattia
EPPURE
17. Devices x chiudere il PFO
Amplatzer PFO occluder
Helex septal occluder (GSO)
Cardioseal/Starflex/Biostar
Premere
PFO star/Intrasept Device
Solysafe device
Coherex Flatstent Closure system
18. and devices
Cierra PFX system
Occlutech Figulla Occluder
Pharos Suture
SeptRx Closure Device
Coaptus Medical -RF
energy
Sutura Medical
!!
19. Devices e idee
Coprire
Coprire in modo anatomico con
device flessibili
Coprire adattando il device alla
lunghezza del PFO
Chiudere senza device (sutura,
RFA)
Chiudere con device riassorbibili
21. Cosa sappiamo del PFO?
Maggior frequenza in pazienti con
stroke e stroke criptogenetico (40%)
IPOTESI
La chiusura del PFO potrebbe prevenire la
ricorrenza di stroke
23. Condizioni associate al PFO
Edema polmonare da altitudine (HAPE)
Apnee notturne (OSA)
Ipossiemia da shunt dx-sx
Malattia da decompressione
Tromboembolia sistemica
Emicrania
Stroke - TIA
24. Perche i cardiologi sono a favore
della chiusura?
Evidenza di minor incidenza di stroke dopo
chiusura
Evidenza di maggior incidenza di stroke in
alcune varianti anatomiche
Ansiet dei pazienti sulla ricorrenza di
stroke, 束 buco nel cuore 損, media, etc etc
Ai cardiologi piace intervenire
25. Perche i neurologi sono a favore
della terapia medica?
Il beneficio della chiusura non e
dimostrato
Evidenza di minor incidenza di stroke in
terapia medica
I neurologi non amano intervenire (non
ancora....)
26. Complicanze
Peri-procedurali
Stroke, aritmie, IMA, perforazione,
complicanze vascolari
Post-procedurali
Stroke, infezione, embolizzazione del
device, erosione con shunt intracardiaco
o tamponamento, aritmie (7-10%)
29. Due studi randomizzati principali:
Closure e Respect
Metaanalisi
La chiusura e superiore alla
terapia medica per la prevenzione
dello stroke
30. 909 pz, 87 centri, 5 aa.2 pz/a/centro
FU: 2 aa
Successo di chiusura solo90%
Critiche : criteri di inclusione, disegno,
statistica, device
CLOSURE I
31. esclusi pazienti con trombosi venosa profonda
e coagulopatia
80% degli stroke causa identificabile
50% degli eventi potenzialmente legati al
device
complicanze periprocedurali legate al device
(complicanze vascolari maggiori ed aritmie)
CLOSURE I
bias dinclusione e valutazione:
32. Non beneficio della chiusura vs terapia
medica
Analisi primaria e secondaria negativa
Differenze iniziali a 2 aa FU
CLOSURE I
33. 980 pz, eta media 45 aa, 69 centri
499 e 481 pz, FU medio 2.6+2aa
ITT: 0.66 eventi x 100 pz x anno (gruppo
chiusura) vs 1.38 eventi x 100 pz x anno
(gruppo terapia medica )(p 0.08)
SAE simili nei due gruppi (22-23%)
RESPECT
34. Differenze significativa nei gruppi:
Per-protocol : 944 pz randomizzati e trattati
come da protocollo (471 e 473)
As-treated : 958 pz randomizzati, ma trattati
diversamente (474 e 484)
RESPECT
36. Stroke 2012
52 studi single-arm, 7 studi non
randomizzati, closure I
Incidenza di stroke ricorrente 0.36
eventi per 100 persone per anno
(chiusura) vs 2.53 per 100 persone per
anno (terapia medica)
Closure I mette in dubbio la credibilita
dellevidenza clinica, non supportata
pero da studi randomizzati
Metaanalisi
37. JACC 2012
Incidenza di eventi 0.8 vs 5 nel gruppo
chiusura vs terapia medica
Complicanze device-related 4.1%
Beneficio piu evidente in pazienti anziani,
con trombofilia o aneurisma del setto
束 I dati non sono definitivi e servono studi
randomizzati per comparare le stategie 損
Metaanalisi
38. JACC 2012
N studi chiusura 39
N studi terapia medica 19
Pazienti chiusura PFO 10325
Pazienti terapia medica 21672
NON CITATO NELLABSTRACT
Metaanalisi
39. MIST I
1467 randomizzati
Primary end point: cessazione dei sintomi: (3 of 74
versus 3 of 73, respectively; P=0.51).
The implant group demonstrated a greater reduction
in total migraine headache days (P=0.027).
The implant arm experienced more procedural
serious adverse events.
This trial confirmed the high prevalence of right-to-
left shunts in patients with migraine with aura.
Although no significant effect was found for
primary or secondary end points, the exploratory
analysis supports further investigation.
41. Il PFO nel 2013
Mancanza di dati definitivi
No evidenza di beneficio immediato
No impatto sulla salute globale
Costi...
Beneficio a lungo termine?
Gli studi saranno mai terminati?
Posizione delicata di medici, pazienti, budget
holders
La sola indicazione MEDICA provata e la
DESATURAZIONE
42. Il PFO nel 2013
HAPE, embolia sistemica, malattia da
decompressione, OSA, emicrania...
Pochi dati per dare indicazioni
Necessit di studi e/o registri
43. MA
I cardiologi in tutto il mondo hanno
abbracciato e sposato..questa
tecnica..
Per avere un approccio razionale ed
onesto dobbiamo considerare ogni caso
individualmente
44. Perche invece di spendere senza
essere sicuri di spendere bene non
ci organizziamo?
45. Si puo fare anche nei bambini
grazie
stroke in pz >28gg 1,2- 8 casi /100 bambini /a