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Ethnic Immigration
Ethnic ImmigrationRichin Koshy
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Jews began settling in the American colonies in the 1600s, establishing communities in cities like Newport, Savannah, and Charleston. By the Revolutionary War, there were around 2,000 Jews living in America who played an important role in financing the patriot cause. In the 19th century, waves of Jewish immigration from Germany and Eastern Europe dramatically increased the Jewish population in America. Jewish Americans made significant contributions across all areas of American life despite facing discrimination at times.Hedge Fund
Hedge FundRichin Koshy
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Hedge funds are direct partnerships between fund managers and investors where managers typically invest significant personal capital, aligning interests. The modern hedge fund industry traces back to 1949 when Alfred Winslow Jones employed a strategy of offsetting long and short positions to better manage risk. Hedge funds invest in a range of assets like stocks, bonds, commodities and futures to maximize returns while minimizing risk through diversification and hedging. They provide benefits to local communities and institutions by helping fund pensions, universities, non-profits and providing stable returns over time.Haemostasis
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The document discusses the physiology of hemostasis, including:
- The essential components of hemostasis including platelet plug formation, coagulation pathways, and fibrinolysis.
- Conditions that can increase the risk of uncontrolled bleeding during surgery such as patient comorbidities, anticoagulant medications, hypothermia and acidosis.
- How achieving optimal hemostasis requires balancing procoagulant, anticoagulant, fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic factors.Antidote
AntidoteRichin Koshy
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The document discusses antidotes for poisoning treatment. It defines an antidote as a therapeutic substance used to counteract the toxic effects of a xenobiotic. Antidotes are classified according to their mode or site of action, and include physical, chemical, and pharmacological antidotes. Physical antidotes like activated charcoal work by adsorption. Chemical antidotes form non-toxic complexes with toxins or accelerate detoxification. Pharmacological antidotes counteract toxins by antagonism at receptor sites, blocking toxic effects, or aiding normal function restoration. The proper use of antidotes combined with supportive care can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from poisonings.Cupid and Psyche
Cupid and PsycheRichin Koshy
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1) Venus gets angry that Psyche's beauty is receiving worship instead of her own and tasks Cupid with making Psyche fall in love with a monster. However, Cupid himself falls for Psyche.
2) Cupid tricks Psyche's family into leaving her on a mountain where he visits her at night. They fall deeply in love though Psyche cannot see Cupid.
3) Psyche's curious sisters convince her to look at Cupid in the dark, causing him to flee after she wakes him. Psyche must complete difficult tasks from Venus to be reunited with Cupid.The Tempest
The Tempest Richin Koshy
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The Tempest is Shakespeare's play about Prospero, the exiled Duke of Milan, who uses magic to summon a storm that shipwrecks his enemies on the island where he and his daughter Miranda live. Prospero plots to take his revenge through illusions and tricks created by his spirit servant Ariel. The tempest brings together the royal families of Naples and Milan, and Miranda falls in love with Ferdinand, the son of the King of Naples. In the end, Prospero forgives his enemies and agrees to return to Milan while giving up his magic.Diabetes Mellitus and Sulfonylureas
Diabetes Mellitus and Sulfonylureas Richin Koshy
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This document discusses long-term side effects of the oral hypoglycemic drug sulfonylureas, which are used to treat type 2 diabetes. Sulfonylureas work by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas. However, they can sometimes cause hypoglycemia by producing too much insulin. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include headaches, confusion, and seizures. Studies have also linked long-term sulfonylurea use to increased risk of heart disease in women with diabetes. While lifestyle changes and natural remedies are gaining popularity for managing diabetes, they may also interact with drugs and cause hypoglycemia. More research is still needed on natural alternatives for treating drug-induced side effects.Presumptive Tests For Blood
Presumptive Tests For BloodRichin Koshy
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Presumptive tests are used at crime scenes to determine if a sample could be evidence such as blood, semen, or drugs. They are quick, cheap, and easy but not confirmatory. Confirmatory tests are used in a lab to confirm that a sample is a specific type of evidence and are more expensive and time-consuming. Investigators may use lights or chemical reagents like luminol or phenolphthalein to detect blood evidence not visible to the naked eye at a crime scene.Bibles Brief History Of Time
Bibles Brief History Of Time Richin Koshy
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The document provides a chronological overview of major events in Jewish history from the time of Abraham around 1812 BCE through 1967 CE. Some of the key events and time periods mentioned include the Exodus from Egypt around 1312 BCE, the giving of the Torah at Mt. Sinai, the conquest of the promised land of Canaan, the division of Israel into two kingdoms in 796 BCE, the destruction of the first and second temples in Jerusalem by the Babylonians and Romans, the exile of Jews from Israel, Jewish rebellions against Roman rule and subsequent suppression, the spread and dominance of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Islamic conquests in the Middle East and Jerusalem in the 7th century CE, the Crusades fromOrthorexia Nervosa
Orthorexia NervosaRichin Koshy
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This document discusses Orthorexia Nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by an excessive focus on eating healthy, nutritious foods. It provides an overview of what orthorexia is, debates around its classification, evidence and prevalence in different populations. Diagnostic tools and potential treatment options are also summarized, including cognitive behavioral therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Tuberculosis Nepal 2025 National Plan.pptx
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The presentation contains preventive therapy, the DOTS program, and the national program of Nepal. This material is intended for educational purposes only.More Related Content
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The Tempest
The Tempest Richin Koshy
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The Tempest is Shakespeare's play about Prospero, the exiled Duke of Milan, who uses magic to summon a storm that shipwrecks his enemies on the island where he and his daughter Miranda live. Prospero plots to take his revenge through illusions and tricks created by his spirit servant Ariel. The tempest brings together the royal families of Naples and Milan, and Miranda falls in love with Ferdinand, the son of the King of Naples. In the end, Prospero forgives his enemies and agrees to return to Milan while giving up his magic.Diabetes Mellitus and Sulfonylureas
Diabetes Mellitus and Sulfonylureas Richin Koshy
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This document discusses long-term side effects of the oral hypoglycemic drug sulfonylureas, which are used to treat type 2 diabetes. Sulfonylureas work by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas. However, they can sometimes cause hypoglycemia by producing too much insulin. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include headaches, confusion, and seizures. Studies have also linked long-term sulfonylurea use to increased risk of heart disease in women with diabetes. While lifestyle changes and natural remedies are gaining popularity for managing diabetes, they may also interact with drugs and cause hypoglycemia. More research is still needed on natural alternatives for treating drug-induced side effects.Presumptive Tests For Blood
Presumptive Tests For BloodRichin Koshy
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Presumptive tests are used at crime scenes to determine if a sample could be evidence such as blood, semen, or drugs. They are quick, cheap, and easy but not confirmatory. Confirmatory tests are used in a lab to confirm that a sample is a specific type of evidence and are more expensive and time-consuming. Investigators may use lights or chemical reagents like luminol or phenolphthalein to detect blood evidence not visible to the naked eye at a crime scene.Bibles Brief History Of Time
Bibles Brief History Of Time Richin Koshy
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The document provides a chronological overview of major events in Jewish history from the time of Abraham around 1812 BCE through 1967 CE. Some of the key events and time periods mentioned include the Exodus from Egypt around 1312 BCE, the giving of the Torah at Mt. Sinai, the conquest of the promised land of Canaan, the division of Israel into two kingdoms in 796 BCE, the destruction of the first and second temples in Jerusalem by the Babylonians and Romans, the exile of Jews from Israel, Jewish rebellions against Roman rule and subsequent suppression, the spread and dominance of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Islamic conquests in the Middle East and Jerusalem in the 7th century CE, the Crusades fromOrthorexia Nervosa
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This document discusses Orthorexia Nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by an excessive focus on eating healthy, nutritious foods. It provides an overview of what orthorexia is, debates around its classification, evidence and prevalence in different populations. Diagnostic tools and potential treatment options are also summarized, including cognitive behavioral therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Recently uploaded (20)
Tuberculosis Nepal 2025 National Plan.pptx
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ANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdf
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Anatomy of the Larynx
Larynx is a cartilaginous structure located in the **anterior neck** at the level of **C3C6 vertebrae**.
* Also called the **voice box**responsible for **phonation**, **airway protection**, and **breathing regulation**.
**Cartilages of the Larynx**
**Unpaired Cartilages:**
1. **Thyroid cartilage**:
* Largest cartilage; forms the **Adams apple (laryngeal prominence)**.
* Composed of two laminae that fuse anteriorly.
2. **Cricoid cartilage**:
* Ring-shaped; **only complete ring** around the airway.
* Located below thyroid cartilage; articulates with thyroid & arytenoid cartilages.
3. **Epiglottis**:
* Leaf-shaped elastic cartilage.
* Covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing.
**Paired Cartilages:**
1. **Arytenoid**:
* Pyramid-shaped; sit on top of cricoid.
* Attach vocal cords and muscles.
2. **Corniculate**:
* Small cartilages sitting atop the arytenoids.
3. **Cuneiform**:
* Embedded in the aryepiglottic folds; provide structural support.
**Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx**
> Responsible for controlling **vocal cord movement**.
| Muscle | Action | Nerve Supply |
| **Cricothyroid** | Tenses vocal cords | External laryngeal nerve |
| **Thyroarytenoid** | Relaxes vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Posterior cricoarytenoid** | Abducts vocal cords (opens glottis) | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Lateral cricoarytenoid** | Adducts vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Transverse & oblique arytenoids** | Closes the posterior glottis | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Vocalis** | Fine-tunes pitch | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | **Nerve Supply*
* **Motor**:
* All intrinsic muscles (except cricothyroid): **Recurrent laryngeal nerve** (branch of vagus nerve).
* Cricothyroid: **External branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* **Sensory**:
* Above vocal cords: **Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* Below vocal cords: **Recurrent laryngeal nerve**.
**Blood Supply**
* **Superior laryngeal artery** (branch of superior thyroid artery).
* **Inferior laryngeal artery** (branch of inferior thyroid artery).
**Laryngeal Cavity & Folds**
Divided into 3 regions:
1. **Vestibule** from inlet to vestibular folds (false cords).
2. **Ventricle** between vestibular and vocal folds.
3. **Infraglottic cavity** below vocal cords to trachea.
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