Darwin, el ‘impedimento taxonómico, y las ‘especies biológicas’
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Darwin struggled with defining species and varieties in his work describing barnacles. He found the distinction between species and varieties to be vague and arbitrary. At times he would describe forms as distinct species only to later reconsider and describe them as one species or varieties. Determining priority of names for similar forms was also difficult work. While describing his cirripedia, Darwin did not feel that his doubts about the permanence of species affected his work much, though in some cases he would or would not have applied names depending on his views. He acknowledged that it was necessary work to apply Linnaean names to his barnacle species, and that understanding the importance of classification helped develop his theory of evolution.
Darwin, el ‘impedimento taxonómico, y las ‘especies biológicas’
- 1. Darwin,Darwin, el ‘impedimentoel ‘impedimento taxonómico, y lastaxonómico, y las ‘especies biológicas’‘especies biológicas’ Francisco Vergara SilvaFrancisco Vergara Silva
- 2. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, FRSSir Joseph Dalton Hooker, FRS (30 junio 1817 – 10 diciembre 1911)(30 junio 1817 – 10 diciembre 1911) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker
- 3. National Geographic, febrero de 2009
- 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnacle balanos,balanos, percebes;percebes; cirripedioscirripedios 1854.1854. Living Cirripedia,Living Cirripedia, The Balanidæ,The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes);(or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæthe Verrucidæ. Vol. 2. Vol. 2 http://darwin-online.org.uk /EditorialIntroductions/Richmond_cirripedia.html Robert E. Grant (1793-1874)Robert E. Grant (1793-1874)
- 5. a J. D. Hooker 12 de octubre de 1849 My dear Hooker, (…) I have of late been at work at mere species describing, which is much more difficult than I expected & has much the same sort of interest as a puzzle has; (…) What miserable work, again, it is searching for priority of names; I have just finished two species which possess seven generic & 24 species names! My chief comfort is, that the work must be sometime done, & I may as well do it, as anyone else.-
- 6. a J. D. Hooker 25 de septiembre de 1853 My dear Hooker, (…) In my own cirripedial work (…) I have not felt conscious that disbelieving in the permanence of species has made much difference one way or the other; in some few cases (…) I sh.d not have affixed names, & in some few cases sh.d have affixed names to remarkable varieties.
- 7. (…) Certainly I have felt it humiliating, discussing & doubting & examining over & over again (…) whether the form varied today or yesterday (…). After describing a set of forms, as distinct species, tearing up my M.S., & making them one species; tearing that up & making them separate, & then making them one again (which has happened to me) I have gnashed my teeth, cursed speciescursed species, and asked what sin I had committed to be so punished. But I must confess, that perhaps nearly the same thing wd. have happened to me on any scheme of work.-
- 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Darwin, C. R. 1860. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. Londres: John Murray. 2ª. edición Many years ago, when comparing, and seeing othersMany years ago, when comparing, and seeing others compare, the birds from the separate islands of thecompare, the birds from the separate islands of the Galapagos Archipelago, both one with another, andGalapagos Archipelago, both one with another, and with those from the American mainland, I waswith those from the American mainland, I was much struckmuch struck how entirely vague and arbitrary is thehow entirely vague and arbitrary is the distinction between species and varietiesdistinction between species and varieties..
- 10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin It must be admitted that many forms, consideredIt must be admitted that many forms, considered by highly-competent judges as varieties, have soby highly-competent judges as varieties, have so perfectly the character of species that they areperfectly the character of species that they are ranked by other highly-competent judges as goodranked by other highly-competent judges as good and true species.and true species. But to discuss whether they areBut to discuss whether they are rightly called species or varieties, before anyrightly called species or varieties, before any definition of these terms has been generallydefinition of these terms has been generally accepted, is vainly to beat the airaccepted, is vainly to beat the air..
- 11. A pesAr de que me pArecíA un poco ‘engorroso’ AndArle poniendo nombres linneAnos A mis especies de percebes, reconozco que erA necesArio… ¡entender lA importAnciA de lAs clAsificAciones me Ayudó A desArrollAr mi teoríA!
- 12. ¿qué son¿qué son las ‘especies biológicas’?las ‘especies biológicas’? ¿son¿son realesreales las especies biológicas?las especies biológicas?
- 15. Kress & ErikssonKress & Eriksson
- 18. ‘‘crisis de biodiversidad’crisis de biodiversidad’ reto biológico de nuestra época –reto biológico de nuestra época – preservar, continuar el legadopreservar, continuar el legado de conocimiento taxonómicode conocimiento taxonómico para futuras generacionespara futuras generaciones el ‘impedimento taxonómico’ –el ‘impedimento taxonómico’ – tasas mayores de extinción de especies;tasas mayores de extinción de especies; menos taxónomos para estudiarlasmenos taxónomos para estudiarlas
- 20. GodfrayGodfray
- 22. Yo definía especies sin “pensar evolutivamente”, ¡pero por supuesto que consideraba la variación de los caracteres de mis muestras de herbario!
- 23. INECOLINECOL BiologBiología Evolutivaía Evolutiva de Cycadales &de Cycadales & Genética deGenética de PoblacionesPoblaciones A. VovidesA. Vovides J. González-AstorgaJ. González-Astorga F. Nicolalde-MorejónF. Nicolalde-Morejón © The Cycad Pages J B Francisco JavierJ B Francisco Javier Clavijero (Xalapa)Clavijero (Xalapa) DioonDioon
- 24. DioonDioon
- 26. Kirk FitzhughKirk Fitzhugh http://www.nhm.org/research/annelida/staff.html las especies biológicaslas especies biológicas “no se ven”;“no se ven”; las especies biológicas sonlas especies biológicas son HIPÓTESISHIPÓTESIS EXPLICATIVASEXPLICATIVAS sobre las observacionessobre las observaciones biológicasbiológicas (morfológicas,(morfológicas, moleculares, etc.)moleculares, etc.)
- 27. Estoy dE acuErdo, kirk agradecimientos -agradecimientos - UNAMUNAM Dra. Susana Magallón (IBUNAM)Dra. Susana Magallón (IBUNAM) f.vergarasilva@gmail.comf.vergarasilva@gmail.com
- 30. Aadi-maxi (lengua otomí), bachuga (lengua cuicatleca), be-thoxi, bi- tuixi, pe-thoxi, bichoaxhe,pe-thoxe (lengua zapoteca), ha'sikil-p'ak, p'ak, ts'ulub'p'ak (lengua maya), tuthay, tuthey (lengua huasteca), mbaremoxu (lengua mazahua), paclshá (lengua totonaca), shitumal, xitomat (dialecto náhuatl), xitomatl (lengua náhuatl), tzajalpish (lengua tojolobal), xayuqui-te (lengua huichol), xucúpara (lengua tarasca) http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/solanaceae/lycopersicon-esculentum/fichas/ficha.htm#1.%20Nombres
- 31. http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/solanaceae/lycopersicon-esculentum/fichas/ficha.htm#1.%20Nombres Solanaceae Lycopersicon esculentum P. Mill. (= Solanum lycopersicum L.) Jitomate silvestre
Editor's Notes
- … y uso de los escritos de S Mueller-Wille para sugerir que LA NOCIÓN DE VARIACIÓN PUEDE RECONSTRUIRSE EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA HISTORIA NATURAL DEL SIGLO XVIII Y POR TANTO ES PREDARWINIANA. Esto es relevante para apuntalar las críticas actuales a la ‘tesis esencialista’. (¿LO ES?)
- Lo mismo…