General Surgery Billing for Physicians
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General Surgery Billing Guide
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The document provides guidance on billing Medicare for general surgery services, including:
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2) Services included in global packages are preoperative visits, intraoperative services, postoperative visits, and complications following surgery. Services not included are unrelated visits, postoperative complications requiring another surgery, treatment for underlying conditions, and distinct procedures.
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Eczema is a group of medical conditions which causes inflammation and irritation to skin.
It is also called as Dermatitis
Eczema is an itchy consisting of ill defined erythremotous patches. The skin surface is usually scaly and As time progress, constant scratching leads to thickened lichenified skin.
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Endogenous eczema: Where constitutional factors predispose the patient to developing an eczema.
Family history (maternal h/o eczema) is often present
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e.g., Irritant dermatitis, Allergic Dermatitis, Neurodermatitis,
Combined eczema: When a combination of constitutional factors and extrinsic triggers are responsible for the development of eczema
e.g., Atopic dermatitis
Extremes of Temperature
Irritants : Soaps, Detergents, Shower gels, Bubble baths and water
Stress
Infection either bacterial or viral,
Bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species.
Viral infections such as Herpes Simplex, Molluscum Contagiosum
Contact allergens
Inhaled allergens
Airborne allergens
Allergens include
Metals eg. Nickle, Cobalt
Neomycin, Topical ointment
Fragrance ingredients such as Balsam of Peru
Rubber compounds
Hair dyes for example p-Phenylediamine
Plants eg. Poison ivy .
Atopic Dermatitis : AD is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itchy inflamed skin.
Allergic Dermatitis: A red itchy weepy reaction where the skin has come in contact with a substance That immune system recognizes as foreign substances.
Ex: Poison envy, Preservatives from creams and lotions.
Contact Irritant Dermatitis: A Localized reaction that include redness, itching and burning where the skin has come In contact with an allergen or with irritant such as acid, cleaning agent or chemical.
Dyshidrotic Eczema: Irritation of skin on the palms and soles by
clear deep blisters that itch and burn.
Clinical Features; Acute Eczema:- Acute eczema is characterized by an erythematous and edematous plaque, which is ill-defined and is surmounted by papules, vesicles, pustules and exudate that dries to form crusts. A subsiding eczematous plaque may be covered with scales.
Chronic Eczema:- Chronic eczema is characterized by lichenification, which is a triad of hyperpigmentation, thickening markings. The lesions are less exudative and more scaly. Flexural lesions may develop fissures.
Pruritus
Characteristic Rash
Chronic or repeatedly occurring symptoms.
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Hingula.ppt- Rasadravya parichaya- NCISMShri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical college, INCHAL,
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Hingula(Cinnabar)
Synonyms - Churna Parada, Darada, Mleccha, Rasagarbha,Rasodbhava,
Shukatunda, Hamsapada, Lohagna
Mineralogical Identification
Chemical Formula- HgS
Chemical name- mercury sulfide
Nature Crystalline
Colour- Bright Red
Crystal- Trigonal.
Clevage- -
Diaphaneity- Transparent to Translucent
Fracture- Uneven
Tenacity- Brittle
Lustre- Vitreous
Streak- Red
Sp. Gravity- 8 to 8.1
Hardness- 2 to 2.5
Sources
- It is found near volcanic region and near mercury mines(extracted).
- It is associated with other minerals like Stibnite, pyrite, realgar, calcite etc.
- Almaden (Spain), California, Texas.
Types
1) Charmara
2) Shukhatunda
3) Hamsapada ( Ap 2/69)
1) Khanija
2) Kritrima (RT 9/4)
Grahya ad Agrahyata
爐爐爐 爐爛爐伍爐 爐朽ぐ爛爐爐鉦き: 爐爛爐劇ぃ 爐伍爐爐爛爐項ぐ: |
爐爐項爐爛爐朽ぞ爐迦 爐爐鉦ぐ爐爛爐萎爐爛 爐項た爐爐爛爐: 爐謹爐萎爐劇爐 爐爐爛爐爐む || RT 9/3
Doshas
Andya( Blindness)
Kshinata
Klama
Bhrama
Moha
Prameha ( AP 2/73)
Shodhana
1) Grahya Hingula ChurnaArdraka rasa bhavana(7)--Shuddhahingula (RT 9/12)
Marana
Other Processing Techniques
Satwa Patana
-Shuddha HingulaAdhaha patana/Urdhwa patana -Satva (Parada) (RRS 3/144)
Yogas
Hinguleshwar rasa
Anandabhairava Rasa,
Mrutunjaya Rasa,
Tribhuvana keerti Rasa, etc.
Research Updates
A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON HINGULA (CINNABAR- HgS)
https://ijapr.in/index.php/ijapr/article/view/1237
EXTRACTION OF PARAD FROM HINGULA, A TRADITIONAL AYURVEDIC METHOD
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323601866_EXTRACTION_OF_PARAD_FROM_HINGULA_A_TRADITIONAL_AYURVEDIC_METHOD
DrMahantesh.B.Rudrapuri,
M.D.(Ayu) FAGE , PGDYT
HOD Department of Rasa Shastra&BhaishajyaKalpana
Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College,
INCHAL 591 102, Dist: Belgaum
Mob: 9972710790
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