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GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management

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Joshua Campbell
Joshua Campbell

Presentation given at the Association of American Geographers (AAG) Annual Conference in Washington, DC on 16 April 2010. Discusses the relationship between GIS 2.0 and a conceptual model of the disaster cycle. The goal of which is to help guide the design process of a web-enabled humanitarian knowledge management system.

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Methods and Applications in Addressing Information Needs in Humanitarian EmergenciesAssociation of American Geographers Conference 16 April 2010 Washington DC GIS 2.0, the Disaster Cycle, and Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge ManagementJoshua S. CampbellHumanitarian Information Unit University of Kansas
Session GoalDuring humanitarian emergencies, there is a need for different levels of information depending on the type and intensity of the emergencyAs the emergency develops, information needs change from recovery to restoration1-3 days: immediate description10 days: contextualizationLong-term: trends, models, managing, rebuilding
QuestionsHow does the disaster cycle impact the type of geospatial information and analysis needed?How do we utilize new geospatial toolkits, the Internet, and mobile technology?How do we leverage existing work?
Where we areExisting WebGIS best suited for contextual understanding and scenario/trend analysisCitizens as Sensors: Mobile phones and SMSCollaborative Mapping: Open Street MapOptimum system combines all three
System DesignGet the right information in the right format at the right timeGeospatial data & robust cyberinfrastructureLeverages previous work
NeoGeographyBegan as an expression of Web 2.0 applied to mapsAJAX, JavaScript APIs, RSSCraigslist mashup / Chicago Crime Maps *Democratization of geographic toolsWeb Developers discovered GeographyWhat about Geographers harnessing the Web?
What is Web 2.0? a transformative force thats compelling companies across all industries towards a new way of doing business characterized by harnessingcollective intelligence, openness, and network effects--Tim OReilly
What is a GIS?A digital representation of the earth, structured to support analysis (Dobson, 2007)Automated systems for the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data (Clarke, 1995)Should also include disseminationComposed on software, hardware, and people
GIS 2.0: A ReformulationFree and Open Source Software
Web 2.0 philosophy
collective intelligence, network effects, openness
Internet as a platform
Open Standards
InteroperabilityGIS 2.0: A ReformulationUbiquitous communicationWidespread wired and wireless networks (voice and data)Device convergenceMobile devices increasing in power and functionalityPhone, camera, GPS, form-based database input, cellular, wifiCloud computingSaaS, PaaS, IaaSNetwork-driven commoditization of IT
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
Figure 3, Kelmelis et al 2006
The Disaster CycleWarning / Evacuation & Response / RecoveryNeed information quickGet everyone on the same pageHigh resolution imageryCommon Operating PictureHarness volunteers and mobile technology
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
Open Street Map Haiti Edits Videohttp://vimeo.com/9182869
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
The Disaster CycleReconstruction / RehabilitationBegin building larger datasetsCadastre, elevation, hydroFocus on logistics, program oversight, monitoring
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
The Disaster CycleRedevelopment / Sustainable DevelopmentModeling of future hazardsFilling data gaps from recent disasterModeling potential economic development
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management
GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management

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GIS 2.0, The Disaster Cycle, and It's Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge Management

  • 1. Methods and Applications in Addressing Information Needs in Humanitarian EmergenciesAssociation of American Geographers Conference 16 April 2010 Washington DC GIS 2.0, the Disaster Cycle, and Implications for Humanitarian Knowledge ManagementJoshua S. CampbellHumanitarian Information Unit University of Kansas
  • 2. Session GoalDuring humanitarian emergencies, there is a need for different levels of information depending on the type and intensity of the emergencyAs the emergency develops, information needs change from recovery to restoration1-3 days: immediate description10 days: contextualizationLong-term: trends, models, managing, rebuilding
  • 3. QuestionsHow does the disaster cycle impact the type of geospatial information and analysis needed?How do we utilize new geospatial toolkits, the Internet, and mobile technology?How do we leverage existing work?
  • 4. Where we areExisting WebGIS best suited for contextual understanding and scenario/trend analysisCitizens as Sensors: Mobile phones and SMSCollaborative Mapping: Open Street MapOptimum system combines all three
  • 5. System DesignGet the right information in the right format at the right timeGeospatial data & robust cyberinfrastructureLeverages previous work
  • 6. NeoGeographyBegan as an expression of Web 2.0 applied to mapsAJAX, JavaScript APIs, RSSCraigslist mashup / Chicago Crime Maps *Democratization of geographic toolsWeb Developers discovered GeographyWhat about Geographers harnessing the Web?
  • 7. What is Web 2.0? a transformative force thats compelling companies across all industries towards a new way of doing business characterized by harnessingcollective intelligence, openness, and network effects--Tim OReilly
  • 8. What is a GIS?A digital representation of the earth, structured to support analysis (Dobson, 2007)Automated systems for the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data (Clarke, 1995)Should also include disseminationComposed on software, hardware, and people
  • 9. GIS 2.0: A ReformulationFree and Open Source Software
  • 12. Internet as a platform
  • 14. InteroperabilityGIS 2.0: A ReformulationUbiquitous communicationWidespread wired and wireless networks (voice and data)Device convergenceMobile devices increasing in power and functionalityPhone, camera, GPS, form-based database input, cellular, wifiCloud computingSaaS, PaaS, IaaSNetwork-driven commoditization of IT
  • 19. Figure 3, Kelmelis et al 2006
  • 20. The Disaster CycleWarning / Evacuation & Response / RecoveryNeed information quickGet everyone on the same pageHigh resolution imageryCommon Operating PictureHarness volunteers and mobile technology
  • 23. Open Street Map Haiti Edits Videohttp://vimeo.com/9182869
  • 25. The Disaster CycleReconstruction / RehabilitationBegin building larger datasetsCadastre, elevation, hydroFocus on logistics, program oversight, monitoring
  • 28. The Disaster CycleRedevelopment / Sustainable DevelopmentModeling of future hazardsFilling data gaps from recent disasterModeling potential economic development
  • 33. Unifying Data Streams / ApproachesWe need to build WebGIS that combine the best of these two worlds?User Centered Design, clean interfaces, high levels of participation / low barrier to entryLarge data processing, terrain and image processing, statistical modeling, demographic analysis
  • 34. RecommendationsDatasets prepacked and ready to goUnderstand data licensesPreprocess hazard risks (floods, earthquakes,)Analytical products as web servicesHumanitarian Data Model / Ontology