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Grammar book 2

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Judy Payne
Judy Payne

This document provides a list of grammatical concepts in Spanish with brief explanations. It covers topics such as: 1. Nacionalidades (nationalities) 2. Object pronoun placement and indirect object pronouns 3. Verbs like gustar that conjugate to the thing receiving the action 4. Affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexive verbs, commands, sequencing events. It also discusses the preterite tense, trigger words, stem changers, para, deber + infinitive, modal verbs, present progressives, and adverbs. Concise examples are provided to illustrate each concept.

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By: Andres Payne
1) Nacionalidades 2) Stem Changer 3) Para 4) Object Pronoun Placement 5) Indirect Object Pronoun 6) Gustar 7) Affirmative and negative words 8) Superlatives 9) Reflexives 10) affirmative and negative tu commands/ irregulars/ pronoun 11) Sequencing events 12) Preterit 13) Trigger words 14) car gar zar 15) Deber + infiniive 16) Modal verbs 17) Present progessives 18) Adverbs
Grammar book 2
Grammar book 2
Means in order to. EX. : Vivo para comer I live to eat. It can also be used for an indication of destination. EX: Aaron va para casa. Aaron goes home.
The object pronoun is what is receiving the action of the verb but, instead of being a Object Pronouns noun, it is replaced by a pronoun. It is normally Meme placed in front of the verb that gives it the action. YouTe Ex. : Yo te quiero I want you. He/she/itLo/ la Ex. : Lo quiero ver. ThemLos/las I want to see it. UsNos Ex. : Los compros. I buy them.
An indirect object pronoun tells us to whom or for whom the direct object is going. Ex. : John me compra un regalo. John buys a gift for me.
When using the verb Gustar instead of the verb conjugating to the person doing the action, it instead conjugates to the thing receiving the action. Ex: Me gustas tu. Ex: Me gustan los burritos. Ex: A Juan le gustan los libros.
Affirmative Negative alguno (any) nada : (nothing) siempre (always) tambi辿n ( also) nunca (never) alg炭n (some) nadie ( no-one) algo (something) ning炭n ( alguien (someone) anything) tampoco (nor)
Add Isimo or isima to a word in place of the word very Ex.: Altisimo (Very tall) Ex: Ella es ricisima. ( She is very rich) Ex: Yo soy guapisimo. (I am very handsome)
When the subject of the sentence does an action on themselves, you must use a Examples reflexive noun. Reflexive Nouns Me- myself Yo me lavo. Te- yourself I wash myself Se- Me llamo Aaron Himself/herself/themsel I call myself Aaron. ves Yo me lavo la cara. Nos-ourselves I wash my face.
When giving a command, Exceptions: normal verbs will simply drop the ar/er/ir and decir - di salir - sal put it in the a/e hacer - haz ser - s辿 form. ir - ve tener - ten Ex: Habla! poner - pon venir - ven Speak! Eschucha Listen!
When commanding someone not to do something, you use the opposite ending in the tu form. Ex: No Hables! Dont speak! No cuentes el dinero! Dont count the money!
When sequencing events, use these words. Primero- first Segundo- second Antes de- before Duspues de- after Entonces- Then Finalmente- Finally
Grammar book 2
One day un d鱈a Once una vez Yesterday ayer At night a noche A year ago hace un a単o Already ya Last month el mes pasado Day before yesterday anteayer For one hour por una noche At eight a las ocho On February 5th el cine de febrero Twice dos veces
Words that end in car gar zar -car - in yo form 損損損 qu辿 -gar in yo form 損損損 gu辿 -zar in yo form 損損損 c辿
Deber means should or ought to. Use with an infinitive. Examples Debo limpiar la cocina. I should clean the kitchen. Debes bailar! You should dance!
When using modal verbs the second verb isnt conjugated.
These tell what you are currently doing. Ar becomes ando er and ir become iendo
For adjectives with o of a endigns, add mente to the feminine form. Pero, Carmen, debes pasarla cuidadosamente. When you uses an accent when an adjective is changed to an adverb. R叩pido - r叩pidamente F叩cil - f叩cilmente When you use two adverbs, drop the mente from the first one Lenta y tranquilamente

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Grammar book 2

  • 2. 1) Nacionalidades 2) Stem Changer 3) Para 4) Object Pronoun Placement 5) Indirect Object Pronoun 6) Gustar 7) Affirmative and negative words 8) Superlatives 9) Reflexives 10) affirmative and negative tu commands/ irregulars/ pronoun 11) Sequencing events 12) Preterit 13) Trigger words 14) car gar zar 15) Deber + infiniive 16) Modal verbs 17) Present progessives 18) Adverbs
  • 5. Means in order to. EX. : Vivo para comer I live to eat. It can also be used for an indication of destination. EX: Aaron va para casa. Aaron goes home.
  • 6. The object pronoun is what is receiving the action of the verb but, instead of being a Object Pronouns noun, it is replaced by a pronoun. It is normally Meme placed in front of the verb that gives it the action. YouTe Ex. : Yo te quiero I want you. He/she/itLo/ la Ex. : Lo quiero ver. ThemLos/las I want to see it. UsNos Ex. : Los compros. I buy them.
  • 7. An indirect object pronoun tells us to whom or for whom the direct object is going. Ex. : John me compra un regalo. John buys a gift for me.
  • 8. When using the verb Gustar instead of the verb conjugating to the person doing the action, it instead conjugates to the thing receiving the action. Ex: Me gustas tu. Ex: Me gustan los burritos. Ex: A Juan le gustan los libros.
  • 9. Affirmative Negative alguno (any) nada : (nothing) siempre (always) tambi辿n ( also) nunca (never) alg炭n (some) nadie ( no-one) algo (something) ning炭n ( alguien (someone) anything) tampoco (nor)
  • 10. Add Isimo or isima to a word in place of the word very Ex.: Altisimo (Very tall) Ex: Ella es ricisima. ( She is very rich) Ex: Yo soy guapisimo. (I am very handsome)
  • 11. When the subject of the sentence does an action on themselves, you must use a Examples reflexive noun. Reflexive Nouns Me- myself Yo me lavo. Te- yourself I wash myself Se- Me llamo Aaron Himself/herself/themsel I call myself Aaron. ves Yo me lavo la cara. Nos-ourselves I wash my face.
  • 12. When giving a command, Exceptions: normal verbs will simply drop the ar/er/ir and decir - di salir - sal put it in the a/e hacer - haz ser - s辿 form. ir - ve tener - ten Ex: Habla! poner - pon venir - ven Speak! Eschucha Listen!
  • 13. When commanding someone not to do something, you use the opposite ending in the tu form. Ex: No Hables! Dont speak! No cuentes el dinero! Dont count the money!
  • 14. When sequencing events, use these words. Primero- first Segundo- second Antes de- before Duspues de- after Entonces- Then Finalmente- Finally
  • 16. One day un d鱈a Once una vez Yesterday ayer At night a noche A year ago hace un a単o Already ya Last month el mes pasado Day before yesterday anteayer For one hour por una noche At eight a las ocho On February 5th el cine de febrero Twice dos veces
  • 17. Words that end in car gar zar -car - in yo form 損損損 qu辿 -gar in yo form 損損損 gu辿 -zar in yo form 損損損 c辿
  • 18. Deber means should or ought to. Use with an infinitive. Examples Debo limpiar la cocina. I should clean the kitchen. Debes bailar! You should dance!
  • 19. When using modal verbs the second verb isnt conjugated.
  • 20. These tell what you are currently doing. Ar becomes ando er and ir become iendo
  • 21. For adjectives with o of a endigns, add mente to the feminine form. Pero, Carmen, debes pasarla cuidadosamente. When you uses an accent when an adjective is changed to an adverb. R叩pido - r叩pidamente F叩cil - f叩cilmente When you use two adverbs, drop the mente from the first one Lenta y tranquilamente