Greetings from aulua
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This document discusses greetings and politeness in Aulua culture. It outlines different types of greetings including time-referenced greetings, small talk, and honorific greetings. It also discusses farewell greetings and notes they are an important part of stereotyping neighbors. Additionally, it examines who requires politeness based on social structure including higher chiefs, cross-generational in-laws, parallel and cross in-laws, and joking relationships between kin.
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This document discusses phonemes and allophones in language phonology. It explains that phonemes are units of sound that distinguish meaning, while allophones are variant sounds that are used in place of phonemes in certain environments. The document uses examples from Japanese to show that the sounds [s] and [] are allophones of the same phoneme /s/, with [] occurring before [i] and [s] in other environments, so they are not distinct phonemes in Japanese as they are in English.We come in peace transcultural
We come in peace transculturalmpaviour
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The document discusses representations of aliens and alien languages in popular culture. It describes how the Klingon and Na'vi languages were constructed for Star Trek and Avatar, respectively, drawing on features from human languages to make them seem exotic yet learnable. Klingon uses rare sounds and grammar to emphasize alienness, while Na'vi uses familiar patterns to portray aliens as relatable. The construction of alien languages reveals human fascination with communication and understanding other intelligent beings.International languages
International languagesmpaviour
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The document outlines requirements for an international languages minor at a university. It includes information on Chinese, French, Japanese and Spanish minors. Each minor requires 60 credits including at least 15 credits at the 300 level. The core papers for each language are listed. Learning a language is said to help with 21st century citizenship and understanding transcultural flows. Online tools allow for distance learning with self-pacing and real-time interactions.Hello my name is ...
Hello my name is ...mpaviour
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This document discusses discourse and identity from linguistic and social perspectives. It defines discourse as the organization of language beyond the sentence level, including utterances, texts, and abstract ways of talking about topics. Spoken and written discourse are co-constructed differently. Identity is examined as how individuals understand their relationship to the world and see possibilities for the future, with recognition that identity is non-fixed and constructed through social interaction and membership. Recent social theory and constructionism view social categories and identities as choices in self-representation using language and other means, rather than rigid definitions.Reading passages 2
Reading passages 2mpaviour
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The document contains 5 passages about various everyday situations and events occurring in New Zealand:
1) Preparations for a party including decorations and food and drink and expecting guests to arrive by ferry in the evening.
2) Details about the location of Auckland airport being away from the city to reduce noise complaints and its underground parking facility.
3) An incident where a boy spilled a chocolate milkshake at a mall and was given a free replacement drink after cleaning it up.
4) Recapping a successful party but noting the boy got in trouble and had to leave early, and cleaning up broken glass outside before mowing the lawn.
5) Suggesting cures for Monday-itisN z vowels
N z vowelsmpaviour
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New Zealand English has developed as a unique variety of English with its own vocabulary, accent, and history. It originated from a mixing of dialects including Cockney English and other British regional accents. NZE is distinguished by its pronunciation of vowels, with shifts in vowel space and the development of new diphthongs not found in other varieties like Received Pronunciation. One such new diphthong is the pronunciation of 'me' as a two-part vowel, differing from other forms of English.He said, she said part 2
He said, she said part 2mpaviour
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1) The document discusses debates around gender differences in language use and dominance. It describes views that see men's language as assertive and dominant in public spheres while women's language is seen as passive and focused on private matters.
2) Alternative views see gender differences in language as socially constructed rather than innate. Differences may reflect how men and women are socialized rather than fixed biological traits.
3) More recent research calls for understanding gender as a dynamic social performance rather than a fixed category, and examining how language is used to both construct and deconstruct notions of masculinity and femininity in interaction.He said she_saidwell[1]23![He said she_saidwell[1]23](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/hesaidshesaidwell123-110514191807-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
He said she_saidwell[1]23mpaviour
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This document discusses research on gender differences in language. It examines how some languages grammatically mark gender in pronouns and how some have gender-exclusive vocabularies. It also discusses gender-preferential language and how gender has been studied from a variationist linguistic perspective. A key topic is Robin Lakoff's 1975 characterization of "women's language" as tentative, uncertain, and weak. This characterization is critiqued as proposing a deficit view of women's language based on a perceived male norm. Explanations for observed gender differences in language use are examined.Catherine
Catherinempaviour
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This document appears to be a collection of random words, phrases, and messages between various individuals. It includes references to people named Catherine, George, Enid, Justin, Ruth, Kiriana, and Matt Johnston. A broken lightbulb and an embarrassing movie moment are also briefly mentioned. Electrical voltages and drinking corona with lemon are discussed in a conversation between Peter Jamieson and Matt Johnston about someone named Carl dancing at a location called 4-6 volts upstairs.The dp2
The dp2mpaviour
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1. The document discusses the DP hypothesis, which proposes that determiners are more important than just specifier elements and that DP is a functional projection above NP.
2. It follows X-bar theory and gives NP functional architecture.
3. Evidence for functional projections above NP comes from Tok Pisin pronouns, which have functional projections between NP and DP with a morpheme head, and the pronoun moves up through these projections.Next year
Next yearmpaviour
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This document lists linguistics papers offered at the School of Language Studies in 2011, including paper codes, titles, prerequisites, locations, and whether they can be taken as a BA or BC. There are 11 papers listed ranging from 100 to 300 level, covering topics like language and communication, language and society, forensic linguistics, phonology, and languages of the Pacific. Most papers are offered at the MAN campus and via distance learning, and have prerequisites of other linguistics papers.Phonology 3
Phonology 3mpaviour
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This document discusses phonology and phonemes. It explains how to identify phonemes versus allophones by looking at their distribution in words. Phonemes are in parallel distribution and can appear in the same positions, while allophones are in complementary distribution and cannot appear in the same positions. The document provides examples analyzing the sounds /評/ and /l/ in Korean and determining their status as phonemes or allophones based on their distribution. It also discusses types of phonetic environments that can influence sound realization and the concept of natural classes of sounds.Vowel Label
Vowel Labelmpaviour
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This document discusses vowels and how they are produced in speech. It explains that vowels involve an unobstructed airflow from the lungs, and that languages vary in the number of vowels they have in their systems. It also describes how vowels are classified based on three factors: height or tongue position in the mouth, frontness or backness of tongue position, and lip rounding. Finally, it maps out the vowel space of English and labels the standard vowels according to these classification factors.Trills And Spills
Trills And Spillsmpaviour
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This document discusses different types of consonant sounds in language. It describes trills, liquids like l and r, approximants like j and w, and retroflex consonants. It also explains that sounds are often grouped based on similar manner or place of articulation, with larger groupings including obstruents (stops, fricatives, affricates) and sonorants (nasals, liquids). Non-pulmonic sounds like clicks are also briefly mentioned.Consonants 2
Consonants 2mpaviour
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This document discusses phonetic symbols and their use in describing speech sounds. It covers the main places and manners of articulation used to produce consonants and vowels. Key points include:
- Phonetic symbols use a three-part label describing voicing, place, and manner of articulation.
- Places of articulation include bilabial, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar produced with different articulators like the lips, teeth and tongue.
- Manners include stops, nasals, fricatives, affricates, approximants, and trills which are distinguished by how the vocal tract is narrowed or blocked.
- Major classes are obstruents likeMelanesian Possession
Melanesian Possessionmpaviour
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This document discusses possession in Melanesian languages. It notes that possession can be either inalienable or alienable. Inalienable possession involves body parts and kinship terms that cannot be given away, and is marked by attaching a possessor suffix directly to the possessed noun. Alienable possession involves three elements - the possessed noun, a possessive classifier, and a possessor suffix attached to the classifier. The classifier provides semantic information about the possessed item, such as whether it is food, shelter, or a valuable item. Overall, Melanesian languages use a combination of morphological marking and semantic classification to encode possession.Greetings from aulua
- 1. Salutations and politeness in a Melanesian settingGreetings from Aulua
- 2. Thinking about saying hello ...All speakers know how to vary their speech to mark politeness. Salutations greetings +farewells Key moments in conversation set up and endingMay be the entire message
- 3. Kinds of greetings in AuluaTime referenced greetingsSmall talk Honorific/respect greetings
- 4. SuruaKabakabenewarmth talkA: Ibulelfael B: IbuA: Ibu melqoB: IbuA: Bu lavlavsuB: Bu lavlavsuIbu ravravIbu
- 5. FarewellFamous element of Aulua used by neoghbours to stereotypeMevko! Mo!, response must be vigorousMevko + CLASS.POSSRMevkotahmudul! Mevko
- 6. Who do you need to be polite to?Social structureUnderlying big man structureOverlay of a chiefly systemClan chiefsKastom ChiefCommunity Chief??? Real chiefs?Kin structureParents and their siblingsVeve and Tata VeveVeves childrenIn-lawsParents in-lawchildrens spousesBrothers in-law
- 7. To the higher chiefsNever use their name, either their chiefly name of their everyday nameAlways offer them food or drinkNever refer to food and drink directlyNever refer to them using 2.sg verbs/pronounsAlways use the 2.dl forms
- 8. To the cross generational in-lawsDont talk to themDaughter/father in lawKeep physically distant, the younger generation would never make themselves physically higher
- 9. Parallel and cross in-lawsBrothers in law have a strange strict but joking relationship. Older brothers in law can order younger ones aboutMothers brother plays an important role in a boys life. Father and he must have respectful warm relationshipBrothers try to avoid entering each others houses once they are married. Avoidance relationship between men and their sisters in law.
- 10. Joking relationshipsMany of your kin relationships have moments of deep formalityOne area where you are a lot freer is with your fathers sisters, and their husbandsVeve and tatavevehave a teasing relationship
- 11. Small talkHow are you is rare, but entering the language via the creoleyuolrait?Or a calque of English how are you? Lahasabe?/Lahasabeibu?To someone on the road-VEN abe? To someone appearing in the village-QUL abe?