Human-Centered Design for Development (HCD4D): Workshop at U(X)PA2012
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The document discusses human-centered design for development (HCD4D) and shares some experiences in this area. It describes what life is like for the urban and rural poor in developing countries, highlighting challenges around infrastructure, housing, sanitation, markets and transportation. It then gives two examples of projects that failed because they did not take a human-centered approach - a product to eliminate fridge odors that was not needed, and an engineering-led dam project that did not consider social factors. The document advocates for early community building in HCD4D and shares a brief history of workshops and events held in this area.
Human-Centered Design for Development (HCD4D): Workshop at U(X)PA2012
- 1. Human-Centered Design for Development Susan Dray Dray & Associates, Inc. http://www.dray.com susan.dray@dray.com
- 2. Human-Centered Design for Development (HCD4D) Introductions Whats it like in the developing world? A brief history of HCD4D Sharing experiences What do we want to tell UXPA about this (and how?)
- 3. Who Am I? First international ethnographic study in 1994 Work in 24 countries since then On every continent except Antarctica Involved in multiple overlapping professional communities UPA, SIGCHI, HFES, etc. Intense personal interest in making a difference Getting more and more involved in Human-Centered Design For Development (HCD4D) community
- 4. Whats it like for the urban poor in the Developing World?* *Caveat: These are not universal; conditions vary widely
- 5. Poor (or lacking) infrastructure
- 7. No sanitary facilities or Shared sanitation (pit latrines)
- 8. No indoor water (Must bring from communal tap)
- 10. Washing and bathing outside (Must heat water on stove)
- 11. Informal markets
- 12. Open-air markets with no refrigeration
- 13. Crime
- 14. Electricity not always available (May be pirated or prepaid)
- 15. Cell phones Phone kiosks in containers
- 17. Public transport
- 19. Animal-powered rather than motor-powered
- 20. Human-powered
- 21. Other characteristics Lack of access to adequate healthcare Illiteracy or partial literacy Poor schools High levels of unemployment, especially among youth (many of whom have dropped out of school) Food insecurity Etc.
- 22. Whats it like for the rural poor in the Developing World?* *Caveat: These are not universal; conditions vary widely
- 24. No indoor water (Must bring from water source)
- 25. Water source may be miles away (Its womens work to bring it to the home)
- 26. Transport unreliable and infrequent
- 29. Livelihood based on agriculture, little cash
- 30. No indoor stove
- 31. No electricity
- 33. Other characteristics Lack of access to adequate healthcare Illiteracy or partial literacy Children left with grandparents while parents work in cities to send money home High levels of unemployment, especially among youth (many of whom have dropped out of school) Food insecurity Etc.
- 34. A Product Fails Product concept was a battery-operated device to eliminate odors in refrigerators Engineers and executives were very excited about it Positive responses in focus groups D&A was hired by client to do study of refrigerators to support product development
- 35. Research For Product Development Ethnographic visits to 12 homes Focus on video tour of fridge Researcher paid particular attention to odors both observed and mentioned No one perceived an odor in their fridge Even fridges that the researcher found to be stinky No one thought the proposed product was a good idea either during tour or during post-tour interview Why would I spend $30 to put something that uses batteries in my fridge, when I can buy a box of baking soda for 50 cents?
- 36. Did It Change Anything? Research was presented to client Videos of fridge tours Photos of interiors and of people placing the product Audio clips from interviews Negative fit and response was loud and clear Response was polite but cool Thanks a lot heres the door
- 37. And Yet One year later, the project was cancelled having spent over $1 million USD more on it
- 38. A Development Project Fails* Internationally funded aid project to provide modern concrete dam and canals to Nepalese farmers Large project with professional design, materials, and construction Consultation from top engineering firm State of the art Despite all this and massive funding, dam did not deliver more water to farmers downstream *As described in Freakonomics Levitt & Dubner, 2009
- 39. What Happened? Traditionally, irrigation was small dams and crude canals requiring maintenance Canal maintenance requires clearing obstructions and brush Traditionally, this work was shared by all farmers Although the dam did not require maintenance, the distribution canals still did However, the traditional agreement between upstream and downstream farmers broke down Farmers near the dam no longer motivated to maintain canals because they got all the water they needed Therefore, downstream farmers got less water
- 40. What Do These Failures Have In Common?
- 41. Human International Centered HCD4D Economic & Design Community Development
- 42. Early Community-Building Workshop at CHI 2007 (April, 2007; San Jose, US): UCD4D (1 day) 50+ participants from 14 countries NSF grant to cover developing country attendees from universities and NGOs (Africa, S. Asia, Asia) SIG and Panel at INTERACT 2007 (September, 2007; Rio, Brazil) Workshop at DIS 2008 (February, 2008; Cape Town, South Africa) (2 3 days optional immersion day preceding workshop) Plan to video tape visits and create a documentary for use at CHI Workshop at CHI 2008 (April, 2008; Florence, Italy): HCI for Community and International Development (2 days)
- 43. For more on the history (and more resources), check out: http://www.dray.com
- 44. Sharing Experiences Garren Ben Michael Jackie Ming Anant Anat Narender Brian Keita Ryan Andy Kami
- 45. Just Remember To Keep your heart on your feet (rather than on your sleeve) so they take you in the right direction!