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heterocycliccompoundsinsecticidespesticides-210921110124.pdf

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This document discusses insecticides and pesticides. It defines a pesticide as any substance used to kill, repel, or control pests like insects, plants, animals, bacteria, or other organisms that harm humans. Pesticides can be chemicals, biological agents, or disinfectants. The document classifies pesticides based on their target organism and chemical structure. It also discusses the properties of ideal insecticides and how insecticides are classified based on their chemical composition, mode of entry/action, toxicity, and stage specificity. Several common synthetic insecticides are described, including organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, butenolides,

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By Dr. Harshali G. Wankhade Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry Shri Shivaji Science College Amravati Maharashtra
INSECTICIDES & pESTICIDES
pesticides ? A pesticide is any substance used to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. ? A pests can be a insect, plant pathogen, weed, bacteria, bird etc. that compete with the human for food, destroy property, spread disease. ? A pesticides can be a chemical, biological agent, antimicrobial, disinfectant etc. ? Many chemical pesticides are poisonous to human and animals.
Classificationof pesticides
Classification Based On Target Organism
Classification Based On Chemical Structure
Classification Based On Mode of Action
insecticides Chemicals which are used to kill, repel or otherwise prevent the insects. Properties of an ideal insecticide 1. It should be freely available in the market under different formulations 2. It should be toxic and kill the pest required to be controlled. 3. It should not be phytotoxic to the crops on which it is used. 4. It should not be toxic to non target species like animals, natural enemies etc. 5. It should be less harmful to human beings and other animals. Classificationof insecticides Insecticides are classified on the basis of ¨C 1. Chemical Composition. 2. Mode of entry of insectisides into the body of insects. 3. Mode of action. 4. Toxicity. 5. Stage specificity.
heterocycliccompoundsinsecticidespesticides-210921110124.pdf
Syntheticinsecticides Organochlorides : The best known organochloride, DDT, was created by Swiss scientist Paul M¨¹ller. Organophosphates: These also target the insect's nervous system. Organophosphates interfere with the enzymes acetylcholinesterase and other cholinesterases, disrupting nerve impulses and killing or disabling the insect. Carbamates : Carbamate insecticides have similar mechanisms to organophosphates, but have a much shorter duration of action and are somewhat less toxic
Pyrethroids : Pyrethroid pesticides mimic the insecticidal activity of the natural compound pyrethrin, the biopesticide found in Pyrethrum. Compounds in this group are often applied against household pests Neonicotinoids : Neonicotinoids are synthetic analogues of the natural insecticide nicotine. These chemicals are acetylcholine receptor agonists. Butenolides : Butenolide pesticides are a novel group of chemicals, similar to neonicotinoids in their mode of action, that have so far only one representative-flupyradifurone Ryanoids/diamides : Diamides are synthetic ryanoid analogues with the same mode of action as ryanodine, a naturally occurring insecticide extracted from Ryania speciosa (Salicaceae). They bind to calcium channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle, blocking nerve transmission.
heterocycliccompoundsinsecticidespesticides-210921110124.pdf
heterocycliccompoundsinsecticidespesticides-210921110124.pdf
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heterocycliccompoundsinsecticidespesticides-210921110124.pdf
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heterocycliccompoundsinsecticidespesticides-210921110124.pdf

  • 1. By Dr. Harshali G. Wankhade Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry Shri Shivaji Science College Amravati Maharashtra
  • 3. pesticides ? A pesticide is any substance used to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. ? A pests can be a insect, plant pathogen, weed, bacteria, bird etc. that compete with the human for food, destroy property, spread disease. ? A pesticides can be a chemical, biological agent, antimicrobial, disinfectant etc. ? Many chemical pesticides are poisonous to human and animals.
  • 5. Classification Based On Target Organism
  • 6. Classification Based On Chemical Structure
  • 7. Classification Based On Mode of Action
  • 8. insecticides Chemicals which are used to kill, repel or otherwise prevent the insects. Properties of an ideal insecticide 1. It should be freely available in the market under different formulations 2. It should be toxic and kill the pest required to be controlled. 3. It should not be phytotoxic to the crops on which it is used. 4. It should not be toxic to non target species like animals, natural enemies etc. 5. It should be less harmful to human beings and other animals. Classificationof insecticides Insecticides are classified on the basis of ¨C 1. Chemical Composition. 2. Mode of entry of insectisides into the body of insects. 3. Mode of action. 4. Toxicity. 5. Stage specificity.
  • 10. Syntheticinsecticides Organochlorides : The best known organochloride, DDT, was created by Swiss scientist Paul M¨¹ller. Organophosphates: These also target the insect's nervous system. Organophosphates interfere with the enzymes acetylcholinesterase and other cholinesterases, disrupting nerve impulses and killing or disabling the insect. Carbamates : Carbamate insecticides have similar mechanisms to organophosphates, but have a much shorter duration of action and are somewhat less toxic
  • 11. Pyrethroids : Pyrethroid pesticides mimic the insecticidal activity of the natural compound pyrethrin, the biopesticide found in Pyrethrum. Compounds in this group are often applied against household pests Neonicotinoids : Neonicotinoids are synthetic analogues of the natural insecticide nicotine. These chemicals are acetylcholine receptor agonists. Butenolides : Butenolide pesticides are a novel group of chemicals, similar to neonicotinoids in their mode of action, that have so far only one representative-flupyradifurone Ryanoids/diamides : Diamides are synthetic ryanoid analogues with the same mode of action as ryanodine, a naturally occurring insecticide extracted from Ryania speciosa (Salicaceae). They bind to calcium channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle, blocking nerve transmission.