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Human brain

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chintanmehta007

The document discusses the major parts and structures of the human brain. It describes the cerebrum, cerebral cortex, lobes of the brain including the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. It outlines key sulci and fissures that divide regions of the brain. The document also discusses the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord as well as cranial and spinal nerves. Finally, it provides an overview of the autonomic nervous system and sensory organs including skin, eyes, ears, nose and tongue.

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The Human
Part I: Lobes, the Cerebral Cortex, and Cortical Regions of the Brain
Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes. Cerebrum Cerebrum Cerebellum
Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of gray matter making up the superficial aspect of the cerebrum. Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Features: Gyri Elevated ridges winding around the brain. Sulci Small grooves dividing the gyri Central Sulcus Divides the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal Lobe Fissures Deep grooves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain Longitudinal Fissure Divides the two Cerebral Hemispheres Transverse Fissure Separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum Sylvian/Lateral Fissure Divides the Temporal Lobe from the Frontal and Parietal Lobes
Gyri (ridge) Sulci (groove) Fissure (deep groove)
Specific Sulci/Fissures: Central Sulcus Longitudinal Fissure Sylvian/Lateral Fissure Transverse Fissure
Lobes of the Brain (4) Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal
Lobes of the Brain - Frontal The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Frontal Bone of the skull. It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions: - Memory Formation - Emotions - Decision Making/Reasoning - Personality Investigation (Phineas Gage)
Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull. It plays a major role in the following functions/actions: - Senses and integrates sensation(s) - Spatial awareness and perception (Proprioception - Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other)
Lobes of the Brain Occipital Lobe The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull. Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of VISION and visual stimuli.
Lobes of the Brain Temporal Lobe The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull. They play an integral role in the following functions: - Hearing -Organization/Comprehension of language - Information Retrieval
Lobes and Structures of the B. Brain G. A. F. C. E. D.
Lobes and Structures of the Brain A. Central Sulcus B. Frontal Lobe C. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure A. (groove) G. D. Temporal Lobe B. E. Transverse Fissure F. F. Occipital Lobe G. Parietal Lobe C. (groove) D. E. (groove)
A. K. J. Cortical Regions B. I. H. G. C. D. E. F.
Brain structure Cerebrum cerebellum hypothalamus Pituitary gland medulla brain functions
Spinal Cord Runs through the vertebral canal(neural canal) Extends from foramen magnum to second lumbar vertebra Regions Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal Gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves All are mixed nerves
Human brain
Human brain
Human brain
Cranial Nerves Spinal nerves 12 pairs 31 pairs Emerge from brain Emerge from spinal Supplied to different cord parts of head Connected to Sensory, motor, or different body parts mixed All are mixed nerves
Human brain
The organs (the "viscera") of our body, such as the heart, stomach and intestines, are regulated by a part of the nervous system called the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system and it controls many organs and muscles within the body.
The ANS is most important in two situations: In emergencies that cause stress and require us to "fight" or take "flight" (run away) In non emergencies that allow us to "rest" and "digest."
Human brain
Eye, ear, nose, skin and tongue Enable the body to detect the various changes in the surroundings Important link between external and internal environment Makes body irritable and sensitive
Largest organ Epidermis and dermis Dermis has receptors 1) Pacinian corpuscle-pressure 2) Merkels disk and Meissner corpuscle - touch 3)End organ of Krause - cold 4) Ruffinis organ- warmth
Two parts- external nose and nasal cavity Nasal cavity has mucous membrane on top side Molecules dissolve in the mucous and stimulate olfactory receptor cells Olfactory nerve carries impulses to the brain
Organ of taste Has gustatory receptors or taste buds chemicals in the food dissolve in saliva and stimulate these receptors. Four regions, a) Back bitter b) Tip sweet c) Sides salt and sour

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Human brain

  • 2. Part I: Lobes, the Cerebral Cortex, and Cortical Regions of the Brain
  • 3. Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes. Cerebrum Cerebrum Cerebellum
  • 4. Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of gray matter making up the superficial aspect of the cerebrum. Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex
  • 5. Cerebral Features: Gyri Elevated ridges winding around the brain. Sulci Small grooves dividing the gyri Central Sulcus Divides the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal Lobe Fissures Deep grooves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain Longitudinal Fissure Divides the two Cerebral Hemispheres Transverse Fissure Separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum Sylvian/Lateral Fissure Divides the Temporal Lobe from the Frontal and Parietal Lobes
  • 6. Gyri (ridge) Sulci (groove) Fissure (deep groove)
  • 7. Specific Sulci/Fissures: Central Sulcus Longitudinal Fissure Sylvian/Lateral Fissure Transverse Fissure
  • 8. Lobes of the Brain (4) Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal
  • 9. Lobes of the Brain - Frontal The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Frontal Bone of the skull. It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions: - Memory Formation - Emotions - Decision Making/Reasoning - Personality Investigation (Phineas Gage)
  • 10. Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull. It plays a major role in the following functions/actions: - Senses and integrates sensation(s) - Spatial awareness and perception (Proprioception - Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other)
  • 11. Lobes of the Brain Occipital Lobe The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull. Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of VISION and visual stimuli.
  • 12. Lobes of the Brain Temporal Lobe The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull. They play an integral role in the following functions: - Hearing -Organization/Comprehension of language - Information Retrieval
  • 13. Lobes and Structures of the B. Brain G. A. F. C. E. D.
  • 14. Lobes and Structures of the Brain A. Central Sulcus B. Frontal Lobe C. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure A. (groove) G. D. Temporal Lobe B. E. Transverse Fissure F. F. Occipital Lobe G. Parietal Lobe C. (groove) D. E. (groove)
  • 15. A. K. J. Cortical Regions B. I. H. G. C. D. E. F.
  • 16. Brain structure Cerebrum cerebellum hypothalamus Pituitary gland medulla brain functions
  • 17. Spinal Cord Runs through the vertebral canal(neural canal) Extends from foramen magnum to second lumbar vertebra Regions Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal Gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves All are mixed nerves
  • 21. Cranial Nerves Spinal nerves 12 pairs 31 pairs Emerge from brain Emerge from spinal Supplied to different cord parts of head Connected to Sensory, motor, or different body parts mixed All are mixed nerves
  • 23. The organs (the "viscera") of our body, such as the heart, stomach and intestines, are regulated by a part of the nervous system called the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system and it controls many organs and muscles within the body.
  • 24. The ANS is most important in two situations: In emergencies that cause stress and require us to "fight" or take "flight" (run away) In non emergencies that allow us to "rest" and "digest."
  • 26. Eye, ear, nose, skin and tongue Enable the body to detect the various changes in the surroundings Important link between external and internal environment Makes body irritable and sensitive
  • 27. Largest organ Epidermis and dermis Dermis has receptors 1) Pacinian corpuscle-pressure 2) Merkels disk and Meissner corpuscle - touch 3)End organ of Krause - cold 4) Ruffinis organ- warmth
  • 28. Two parts- external nose and nasal cavity Nasal cavity has mucous membrane on top side Molecules dissolve in the mucous and stimulate olfactory receptor cells Olfactory nerve carries impulses to the brain
  • 29. Organ of taste Has gustatory receptors or taste buds chemicals in the food dissolve in saliva and stimulate these receptors. Four regions, a) Back bitter b) Tip sweet c) Sides salt and sour