Intelligence
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This document discusses theories of intelligence. It defines intelligence as the ability to perceive, learn, understand, and know. It describes Alfred Binet's view of intelligence consisting of a single general ability and Charles Spearman's two-factor theory including a general factor (g) and special factors (s). It also discusses Louis Thurstone's theory of seven primary mental abilities, Arthur Jensen's two-level theory, and Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences involving eight distinct types of intelligence including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinaesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences.
Intelligence
- 1. PG COLLEGE OF NURSING GWALIOR
- 4. INTELLIGENCE
- 5. INTELLIGENCE MEANING :- Intelligence as the power of perceiving, learning, understanding and knowing. Oxford Dictionary
- 6. INTELLIGENCE MEANING :- Intelligence as the power of perceiving, learning, understanding and knowing. Oxford Dictionary The ability to use memory, knowledge, experience, understanding, reasoning, imagination and judgement in order to solve problems and adapt to new situations. All Words Dictionary
- 7. INTELLIGENCE DEFINITION :- ALFRED BINET :- first psychologist who worked on intelligence define Intelligence as the ability to judge well, understand well and reason well. WECHSLER :- As the global and aggregate capacity of an individual to think rationally act purposefully and to deal effectively with her/his environment.
- 9. ALFRED BINET intelligence as consisting of one similar set of abilities called one factor theory which can be used for solving any or every problem in an individuals environment.
- 10. CHARLES SPEARMAN In 1927, Charles Spearman proposed a two- factor theory of intelligence consisted of a general factor (g) & special factor (s). General factor (g)- includes mental operation which are common to all performance. Special factor (s)- Other Many abilities like Excellent Singers, architects, scientist & athletes
- 11. Louis thurstones theory He proposed the theory of primary mental abilities which is consists of seven primary abilities- (i) Verbal Comprehension(grasping meaning of words, concepts, and ideas) (ii) Numerical ( numerical and computational skills) (iii) Spatial Relations (visualising patterns and forms) (iv) Perceptual (speed in perceiving details)
- 12. Louis thurstones theory (v) Word Fluency (vi) Memory (vii) Inductive Reasoning (deriving general rules from presented fact)
- 13. Arthur Jensen Intelligence consisting of abilities operating at two levels, called Level I and Level II. Level I is the associative learning in which output is more or less similar to the input. Level II, called cognitive competence, involves higher-order skills as they transform the input to produce an effective output.
- 14. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. According to him, intelligence is not a single entity; rather distinct types of intelligences exist. Each of these intelligences are independent of each other. he described eight types of intelligence.
- 15. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Linguistic (skills involved in the production and use of language) : It is the capacity to use language fluently and flexibly to express ones thinking and understand others. Persons high on this intelligence are word-smart poets & writers are very strong in this component of intelligence.
- 16. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Logical-Mathematical (skills in scientific thinking and problem solving): Persons high on this type of intelligence can think logically. They engage in abstract reasoning, and can manipulate symbols to solve mathematical problems Scientists and Nobel Prize winners are likely to be strong in this component.
- 17. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Spatial (skills in forming visual images and patterns) : It refers to the abilities involved in forming, using, and transforming mental image Pilots, sailors, sculptors, painters, architects, interior decorators, and surgeons are likely to have highly developed spatial intelligence s.
- 18. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Musical (sensitivity to musical rhythms and patterns) : It is the capacity to produce, create and manipulate musical patterns. Persons high on this intelligence are very sensitive to sounds and vibrations ,and in creating new patterns of sound.
- 19. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Bodily-Kinaesthetic (using whole or portions of the body flexibly and creatively) : This consists of the use of the whole body or portions of it for display or construction of products and problem solving. eg. Athletes ,dancer, sportsperson.
- 20. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Interpersonal (sensitivity to subtle aspects of others behaviours) : This is the skill of understanding the motives, feelings and behaviours of other people so as to bond into a comfortable relationship with others. Psychologists, counsellors, politicians, social workers, and religious leaders are likely to possess high interpersonal intelligence.
- 21. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Intrapersonal (awareness of ones own feelings, motives, and desires): This refers to the knowledge of ones internal strengths and limitations and using that knowledge to effectively relate to others. Philosophers and spiritual leaders present examples of this type of intelligence
- 22. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Naturalistic (sensitivity to the features of the natural world) : This involves complete awareness of our relationship with the natural world. Eg.farmers, tourists, botanist.