introduction to Electrotherapy
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This document provides information about a physical agents and electrotherapy lecture for fifth semester Doctor of Physical Therapy students. It includes course details, objectives, assessment criteria, and an introduction to electrotherapy, physical agents, and the basics of currents including classification. Specifically, it defines electrotherapy and physical agents, reviews the basics of current, charge, polarity, voltage and frequency, and classifies currents as direct current, alternating current, pulsed current, and by frequency as high, medium, and low.
introduction to Electrotherapy
- 1. PHYSICALAGENTS & ELECTROTHERAPY-1 Dr. Waqas Fayyaz PT DPT, MSPT(Neurology)* Lecturer at University of Lahore drwaqasfayyaz@gmail.com Lecture 1
- 2. COURSE DETAILS Physical agents & Electrotherapy-1 COURSE TITLE Doctor of Physical Therapy PROGRAM 5th SEMESTER 03 (2:1) Two Lectures/week One Lab/week CREDIT HOURS
- 3. COURSE FACULTY Course Work Dr. Waqas Fayyaz PT Lab Work Dr. Fariha Zulfiqar PT Dr. Waqas Fayyaz PT
- 4. COURSE OBJECTIVES Physiological & therapeutic uses, risks, preventions, indications & contraindications on the type of electric current Demonstrate fundamental skills used to train in electrotherapy modalities
- 5. 端Midterm examination = 20 marks 端Final Examination = 25 marks 端Viva = 25 marks 端Assignment /Test/Attendance/Presentation = 30 marks ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
- 6. 1. Savage B. Practical electrotherapy for physiotherapists. UK: Faber; 1960. 2. Scott PM. Claytons electrotherapy and actinotherapy. 9th ed. USA: Williams & Wilkins: 1980. 3. Watson T. Electrotherapy: evidence-based practice. 12th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2008 4. Cameron MH. Physical agents in rehabilitation: from research to practice. 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2013. 5. Singh J. Textbook of electrotherapy. 2nd ed. India: Jaypee; 2012 REFERENCE BOOKS
- 7. Today Lecture Learning Objectives vElectrotherapy Definition vPhysical agents Definition vCurrents Basics vCurrents Classifacition
- 9. ELECTROTHERAPY Medical therapy using electric currents. Also called electrotherapeutics The use of electric currents passed through the body to stimulate nerves and muscles, chiefly in the treatment of various forms of diseases.
- 10. PHYSICALAGENTS There are some physical agents that can be used by the patient/client on themselves with instruction and training such as superficial heating agents or hot packs. Categories Thermal (deep-heating agents, superficial heating agents, cooling agents) Mechanical (traction, compression )
- 11. The movement or flow of charged particles through a conductor in response to an applied electric field. Current is noted as I Measured in Amperes( A). CURRENTS Electric current
- 12. Current flows out of the positive terminal, through the circuit and into the negative terminal of the source. This was the convention chosen during the discovery of electricity. CURRENTS Conventional Current
- 13. They were wrong! Electron Flow is what actually happens and electrons flow out of the negative terminal, through the circuit and into the positive terminal of the source. CURRENTS Conventional Current
- 14. One of the basic properties of matter, which either has no charge( is electrically neutral), or may be negatively (-) or positively (+) charged Charge Is noted as Q and is measured in Coulombs( C). CURRENTS Charge
- 15. The property of having two oppositely charged conductors, with the positive called the anode, and the negative called the cathode. CURRENTS Polarity
- 16. The electrical force capable of moving charged particles through a conductor between two regions or points. Voltage is also known as the "potential difference Voltage is noted as V and is Measured in volts (V) CURRENTS Voltage
- 17. Frequency is the number of complete cycles per second in alternating current direction. The standard unit of frequency is the hertz, abbreviated Hz. If a current completes one cycle per second, then the frequency is 1 Hz. 60 cycles per second equals 60 Hz CURRENTS FREQUENCY
- 18. Larger units of frequency includes Kilohertz (kHz) Megahertz (MHz) Gigahertz (GHz) Terahertz (THz) CURRENTS FREQUENCY
- 19. A continuous unidirectional flow of charged particles is known as direct current (DC). Direct current is used to for iontophoresis and for stimulating contraction of denervated muscle and also occasionally to facilitate wound healing CURRENTS Direct Current (DC)
- 21. A continuous bidirectional flow of charged particles is known as alternating current (A C) CURRENTS Alternating Current (AC)
- 23. Electrical current can be delivered discontinuously in a series of pulses separated by periods when no current flows. This is known as pulsed or pulsatile current. CURRENTS Pulsed Current
- 24. A review on the differences 1. High Frequency Currents 2. Medium Frequency Currents 3. Low Frequency Currents CURRENTS Classification
- 25. 1. HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENTS Frequency is >6000 HZ Short wavelengths (<10 mm) Effects occur only at superficial structures General effect = HEATING Sample modalities: US, MWD, SWD, IRR, UVR, LASER CURRENTS Classification
- 26. 2 & 3. MEDIUM and LOW FREQUENCY CURRENTS Frequency ranges from 1 to 6000 Hz Longer wavelengths (>10 mm) Effects occur at deeper structures General effects: MFC: blocks pain LFC: nerve stimulation CURRENTS Classification
- 27. 2 & 3. MEDIUM and LOW FREQUENCY CURRENTS Sample modalities: Electrical stimulators, Diadynamics, Biofeedback, Iontophoresis, TENS, IF, Faradic. CURRENTS Classification