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Kcg Qc Mod2 Standardization

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Presentation on the organization of standardization in the building sector, with special attention to standards on building facades

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Quality Control 2 nd module / standardization and ITT testing Your lecturer: Ir. Fedde A. Zandstra advisor SKG / KCG In cooperation with S TICHTING K WALITEIT G EVELBOUW
The aim of Standardization After the industrial revolution in the 18th century, merchandisers found out, that ¡°fair play¡± (comparison of the quality of products) in an open market demands rules for the players The rules for judging on characteristics of products were developed product by product and laid down in what we call ¡°product standards¡± Standards must support the idea that all relevant quality aspects have to be dealt with in order to be able to make an honest and complete judgment Standards are the bases for the accepted quality of products for an intended use
Organization of Standardization Every country has its own history on developing standards, based on local (building) traditions and local conditions; in The Netherlands standardization is coordinated by NEN at Delft In particular the climatical circumstances have great influence on the way the demands are set on characteristics that are seen as relevant for a product Characteristics of products are linked to the intended use Demands on characteristics have been developed on the bases of (commercial) interest Of coarse in most cases industry is heavily involved in de standardization process, but a standard can only come into existence with the approval of all parties concerned
What is a ¡°product standard¡± A product standard gives methods of testing and/or methods of calculation in order to gain knowledge of the behavior of a product under certain conditions The method of how to carry out a specific test is carefully described as well as how to classify a product for each characteristic that has to be clarified in order to give a comprehensive and meaningful indication of the aspects on which the product has to be judged on Often for a certain test a specific standard for the test method itself already exist, to which reference can be made in the product standard The product standard contains all relevant information on how to write a report
What are characteristics Characteristics of a product are those aspects that can be judged on, when given a certain value (by definition) Characteristics can be divided in four categories: Characteristics that have a meaning in relation to safety aspects Characteristics that have relation to climatic conditions Characteristics that have relation with hygiene and/or health Characteristics that have a meaning in relation to the outlook of a product
Characteristics that have a meaning in relation to safety aspects Safety aspects on which building products can be judged on are: Safety of construction / mechanical strength Safety in case of fire Safety (and security) in relation to the use Safety in relation to the environment / rules for judgment on products containing dangerous substances
Characteristics that have relation to climatic conditions Climatic conditions are: behavior (R c value) and degradation under change of climatic conditions and/or temperature (cold and heat) behavior under wind load / changing of wind loads behavior under conditions with rain and flow of water behavior under (long time) sun radiation (UV) Special aspects that have to be given consideration are: effects of moisture effects of pollution and/or effects of collection of dirt
Characteristics that have relation with hygiene and/or health Characteristics that have to do with hygiene and/or health: Products containing dangerous substances Products emitting radiation Resistance against pollution and /or dirt Resistance against micro organisms Resistance against penetration of little creatures like mice and rats Resistance against slipperyness (danger of sliding away in case of danger when walking on snow or ice) Resistance against noise (sound insulation)
Characteristics that have a meaning in relation to the outlook of a product The outlook of a product concerns: Flatness / square ness Treatment of the surface / all kind of aspects that are related to the outlook of the treatment: Corrosion resistance Color (differences) Resistance to bumping / to moisture / to pollution / to salt and sand / to acid / to (removing) graffiti / etc. Finishing of the joints Cleaning / degradation after cleaning
Example of a table for mandated characteristics Classification of the characteristics for windows in annex ZA in hEN 14351-1 (npd = no performance declared)
Testing and Qualification CE-marking of building products require (initial) Type Testing according European harmonized methods Initial Type Testing of products has to be done by independent and competent laboratories that fulfill requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation on the bases of ISO/IEC 17025 provides a bases for qualification in order to be notified: Trustworthy as an independent and competent laboratory for testing products Qualified on the bases of competence in the scope in which the laboratory is accredited
Avoiding unnecessary ITT testing Without testing (WT) is only possible on the basis of a published list of ¡°conventionally accepted performances¡± Without further testing (WFT) is only possible on the basis of ¡°accepted specific performance¡± when an applicable ITT is publicly available Initial Type Testing (ITT) is only necessary when no suitable test-results (that can be accepted) are available, for instance when dealing with a new concept for a product Sharing and/or Cascading ITT as described in Guidance paper M as part of the CPD provides the possibility to avoid unnecessary testing
Sharing ITT and Cascading ITT In ¡° Sharing ITT ¡± test results of a certain type of product may be used by a number of producers that make the same product, based on the same technical specification by joint contracting In ¡° Cascading ITT ¡± test results of a certain type of product may be used by a number of producers that make the same product, based on the same technical specification allowed through authorization
Principle of shared ITT When choosing shared ITT option, the design of a product preferably should be owned by all participants who make use of the same test results: Notified Lab issuing ITT-test report Test report on ITT-test of prototypes Classes and values to be used in CE-marking of products with the same technical specification same type of products products CE marked Not unless ¡­ company 1. company 2. company 3. company X (?? )
Principle of cascading ITT When choosing cascading ITT option, the test report should be owned by the owner of the design of a product in order to be able to decide which companies can make use of the test results: One owner of the design of a product (TS) and owner of all needed test reports of a prototype gives authorization Notified Lab issuing ITT-test report Test report on ITT-test of prototypes Classes and values to be used in CE-marking of products Products with same TS Products CE marked Authorized company 1. Authorized company 2. Authorized company 3. Authorized company X.
Correlation Product Standard and Quality Product Quality Characteristics Processing criteria, permitted tolerances, surface quality, material requirements, construction, assembly Supplementary Characteristics Force to operate, mechanical stability, ventilation, mechanical durability, climatic difference, burglar resistance, bullet and explosion resistance Regulated Characteristics Fire resistance, wind load resistance, water tightness, air permeability, shock resistance, sound insulation, U factor Certificate of suitability for windows comprises: Product Standard Quality Product
End of 2 nd module / standardization and ITT testing Your lecturer: Ir. Fedde A. Zandstra advisor SKG / KCG

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Kcg Qc Mod2 Standardization

  • 1. Quality Control 2 nd module / standardization and ITT testing Your lecturer: Ir. Fedde A. Zandstra advisor SKG / KCG In cooperation with S TICHTING K WALITEIT G EVELBOUW
  • 2. The aim of Standardization After the industrial revolution in the 18th century, merchandisers found out, that ¡°fair play¡± (comparison of the quality of products) in an open market demands rules for the players The rules for judging on characteristics of products were developed product by product and laid down in what we call ¡°product standards¡± Standards must support the idea that all relevant quality aspects have to be dealt with in order to be able to make an honest and complete judgment Standards are the bases for the accepted quality of products for an intended use
  • 3. Organization of Standardization Every country has its own history on developing standards, based on local (building) traditions and local conditions; in The Netherlands standardization is coordinated by NEN at Delft In particular the climatical circumstances have great influence on the way the demands are set on characteristics that are seen as relevant for a product Characteristics of products are linked to the intended use Demands on characteristics have been developed on the bases of (commercial) interest Of coarse in most cases industry is heavily involved in de standardization process, but a standard can only come into existence with the approval of all parties concerned
  • 4. What is a ¡°product standard¡± A product standard gives methods of testing and/or methods of calculation in order to gain knowledge of the behavior of a product under certain conditions The method of how to carry out a specific test is carefully described as well as how to classify a product for each characteristic that has to be clarified in order to give a comprehensive and meaningful indication of the aspects on which the product has to be judged on Often for a certain test a specific standard for the test method itself already exist, to which reference can be made in the product standard The product standard contains all relevant information on how to write a report
  • 5. What are characteristics Characteristics of a product are those aspects that can be judged on, when given a certain value (by definition) Characteristics can be divided in four categories: Characteristics that have a meaning in relation to safety aspects Characteristics that have relation to climatic conditions Characteristics that have relation with hygiene and/or health Characteristics that have a meaning in relation to the outlook of a product
  • 6. Characteristics that have a meaning in relation to safety aspects Safety aspects on which building products can be judged on are: Safety of construction / mechanical strength Safety in case of fire Safety (and security) in relation to the use Safety in relation to the environment / rules for judgment on products containing dangerous substances
  • 7. Characteristics that have relation to climatic conditions Climatic conditions are: behavior (R c value) and degradation under change of climatic conditions and/or temperature (cold and heat) behavior under wind load / changing of wind loads behavior under conditions with rain and flow of water behavior under (long time) sun radiation (UV) Special aspects that have to be given consideration are: effects of moisture effects of pollution and/or effects of collection of dirt
  • 8. Characteristics that have relation with hygiene and/or health Characteristics that have to do with hygiene and/or health: Products containing dangerous substances Products emitting radiation Resistance against pollution and /or dirt Resistance against micro organisms Resistance against penetration of little creatures like mice and rats Resistance against slipperyness (danger of sliding away in case of danger when walking on snow or ice) Resistance against noise (sound insulation)
  • 9. Characteristics that have a meaning in relation to the outlook of a product The outlook of a product concerns: Flatness / square ness Treatment of the surface / all kind of aspects that are related to the outlook of the treatment: Corrosion resistance Color (differences) Resistance to bumping / to moisture / to pollution / to salt and sand / to acid / to (removing) graffiti / etc. Finishing of the joints Cleaning / degradation after cleaning
  • 10. Example of a table for mandated characteristics Classification of the characteristics for windows in annex ZA in hEN 14351-1 (npd = no performance declared)
  • 11. Testing and Qualification CE-marking of building products require (initial) Type Testing according European harmonized methods Initial Type Testing of products has to be done by independent and competent laboratories that fulfill requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation on the bases of ISO/IEC 17025 provides a bases for qualification in order to be notified: Trustworthy as an independent and competent laboratory for testing products Qualified on the bases of competence in the scope in which the laboratory is accredited
  • 12. Avoiding unnecessary ITT testing Without testing (WT) is only possible on the basis of a published list of ¡°conventionally accepted performances¡± Without further testing (WFT) is only possible on the basis of ¡°accepted specific performance¡± when an applicable ITT is publicly available Initial Type Testing (ITT) is only necessary when no suitable test-results (that can be accepted) are available, for instance when dealing with a new concept for a product Sharing and/or Cascading ITT as described in Guidance paper M as part of the CPD provides the possibility to avoid unnecessary testing
  • 13. Sharing ITT and Cascading ITT In ¡° Sharing ITT ¡± test results of a certain type of product may be used by a number of producers that make the same product, based on the same technical specification by joint contracting In ¡° Cascading ITT ¡± test results of a certain type of product may be used by a number of producers that make the same product, based on the same technical specification allowed through authorization
  • 14. Principle of shared ITT When choosing shared ITT option, the design of a product preferably should be owned by all participants who make use of the same test results: Notified Lab issuing ITT-test report Test report on ITT-test of prototypes Classes and values to be used in CE-marking of products with the same technical specification same type of products products CE marked Not unless ¡­ company 1. company 2. company 3. company X (?? )
  • 15. Principle of cascading ITT When choosing cascading ITT option, the test report should be owned by the owner of the design of a product in order to be able to decide which companies can make use of the test results: One owner of the design of a product (TS) and owner of all needed test reports of a prototype gives authorization Notified Lab issuing ITT-test report Test report on ITT-test of prototypes Classes and values to be used in CE-marking of products Products with same TS Products CE marked Authorized company 1. Authorized company 2. Authorized company 3. Authorized company X.
  • 16. Correlation Product Standard and Quality Product Quality Characteristics Processing criteria, permitted tolerances, surface quality, material requirements, construction, assembly Supplementary Characteristics Force to operate, mechanical stability, ventilation, mechanical durability, climatic difference, burglar resistance, bullet and explosion resistance Regulated Characteristics Fire resistance, wind load resistance, water tightness, air permeability, shock resistance, sound insulation, U factor Certificate of suitability for windows comprises: Product Standard Quality Product
  • 17. End of 2 nd module / standardization and ITT testing Your lecturer: Ir. Fedde A. Zandstra advisor SKG / KCG

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