The document discusses the concept of repeated addition through examples of multiplying single digit numbers by 10. It shows the patterns that emerge when units are added repeatedly, such as 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 or 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15. Through these examples, it illustrates how the product is calculated by repeated addition of the multiplicand.