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Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
Lecture 4
incunabula
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Manutius
Printer who developed:
     Italic Type
     Bembo Type Face

Scholar who translated:
  Aristotle, Theocritis, Artistophanes, Sophocles,
  Heroduts, Euripidies, Thucydides, Homer and Plato
Literacy Rates in 1500
遜 the Male population was illiterate and about 89% of the women were illiterate


Literate Population
All clergy
98% of the Gentry
65% of the Yeoman
56% of the craftsman
21% of the peasants
15% of the laborers
Available Education
Popular Education
Apprenticeship
Colleges and University
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Blackletter

 Earliest Printed Type
 Based on hand-copied texts
 Traditionally associated with Germany
 Today is extensively used by Latino gangs as implying
  officialness or deep seriousness
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Garamond
Claude Garamond
 Credited with eliminating Blackletter
  type from France
 First typographer to use italic type as a
  compliment to roman type
 Established a type foundry making
  copies of his type faces and selling them
  to other printers
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Results of Printing Revolution

 Printing became a powerful vehicle to spread political
  and religious ideas
 It stabilized and unified languages
 Literacy improved dramatically
Renaissance (1300  1550)
 Literacy began to improve
 Beginning of a merchant class
 Painting represented illustrations of the natural world
 Painting became three dimensional
 A single light source, a fixed point of view, linear
  perspective and atmospheric perspective all became
  common again
 Upper case letterforms based on Roman inscriptions
  and lowercase based on Italian humanist book copying.
 Typified by a gradual thick-to-thin stroke, gracefully
  bracketed serifs, and slanted stress
 One of the most readable classes for text
 First Oldstyle Letterforms were created around 1475
 Not really a type classification
 Italic type was developed as its own type face but
  quickly became a component of the roman family of a
  font.
 Italics are generally used for emphasis, captions, not
  body text
 Italic style of letters for non-roman type is generally
  referred to as obliques.
 First italic type face created around 1500
Baroque Age/ Age of Exploration
        (1550  1600)
  Holy Roman Empire no longer reigned over Europe
  Protestantism was growing everywhere
  Rise of Nationalism and Nation Building was now the
   way of the world
  Art and decoration were taken to new levels of
   spender and drama
  Science and mathematics are again growing
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200 years later (1650)
Oldstyle type faces have become established across
much of Europe
Population has become more educated
Trade has expanded
The merchant class has begun to emerge
Louis XIV reigns in Frace
Beginning of modern science and philosophy
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Age of Enlightenment
     (1600 - 1800s)
 Math and Science ruled
 Consumed with the idea of compiling and analyzing
  human knowledge
 Type designers applied math and science to the
  design of type
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Transitional

 Bridges gap between oldstyle and modern
 Developed largely due to technological advances in
  casting type and printing.
 Greater thick to thin strokes, smaller backets on serifs,
  stress is more vertical.
 First type in this classification began appearing around
  1750
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Modern
 Furthering trends stared with transitional
 Pushes to extreme thick to thin strokes and square
  serifs
 Loses readability if set too tight, or too small a size
 Strong vertical stress
 First type in this classification appeared around 1775
Script
 Seemingly based on handwiting
 Is supposed to be a replication of calligraphy
 May also be based on engraved type forms
 Script type is unsuitable for blocks of text type
 First script typefaces appeared around 1550

More Related Content

Lecture 4

  • 29. Manutius Printer who developed: Italic Type Bembo Type Face Scholar who translated: Aristotle, Theocritis, Artistophanes, Sophocles, Heroduts, Euripidies, Thucydides, Homer and Plato
  • 30. Literacy Rates in 1500 遜 the Male population was illiterate and about 89% of the women were illiterate Literate Population All clergy 98% of the Gentry 65% of the Yeoman 56% of the craftsman 21% of the peasants 15% of the laborers
  • 37. Blackletter Earliest Printed Type Based on hand-copied texts Traditionally associated with Germany Today is extensively used by Latino gangs as implying officialness or deep seriousness
  • 40. Claude Garamond Credited with eliminating Blackletter type from France First typographer to use italic type as a compliment to roman type Established a type foundry making copies of his type faces and selling them to other printers
  • 43. Results of Printing Revolution Printing became a powerful vehicle to spread political and religious ideas It stabilized and unified languages Literacy improved dramatically
  • 44. Renaissance (1300 1550) Literacy began to improve Beginning of a merchant class Painting represented illustrations of the natural world Painting became three dimensional A single light source, a fixed point of view, linear perspective and atmospheric perspective all became common again
  • 45. Upper case letterforms based on Roman inscriptions and lowercase based on Italian humanist book copying. Typified by a gradual thick-to-thin stroke, gracefully bracketed serifs, and slanted stress One of the most readable classes for text First Oldstyle Letterforms were created around 1475
  • 46. Not really a type classification Italic type was developed as its own type face but quickly became a component of the roman family of a font. Italics are generally used for emphasis, captions, not body text Italic style of letters for non-roman type is generally referred to as obliques. First italic type face created around 1500
  • 47. Baroque Age/ Age of Exploration (1550 1600) Holy Roman Empire no longer reigned over Europe Protestantism was growing everywhere Rise of Nationalism and Nation Building was now the way of the world Art and decoration were taken to new levels of spender and drama Science and mathematics are again growing
  • 49. 200 years later (1650) Oldstyle type faces have become established across much of Europe Population has become more educated Trade has expanded The merchant class has begun to emerge Louis XIV reigns in Frace Beginning of modern science and philosophy
  • 53. Age of Enlightenment (1600 - 1800s) Math and Science ruled Consumed with the idea of compiling and analyzing human knowledge Type designers applied math and science to the design of type
  • 57. Transitional Bridges gap between oldstyle and modern Developed largely due to technological advances in casting type and printing. Greater thick to thin strokes, smaller backets on serifs, stress is more vertical. First type in this classification began appearing around 1750
  • 61. Modern Furthering trends stared with transitional Pushes to extreme thick to thin strokes and square serifs Loses readability if set too tight, or too small a size Strong vertical stress First type in this classification appeared around 1775
  • 62. Script Seemingly based on handwiting Is supposed to be a replication of calligraphy May also be based on engraved type forms Script type is unsuitable for blocks of text type First script typefaces appeared around 1550

Editor's Notes

  • #2: Gutenberg and his press
  • #3: Gutenberg Bible
  • #6: Guttenbergs type case
  • #7: Upper Case/ Lower Case
  • #10: Gutenberg Bible
  • #11: Gutenberg Bible
  • #12: Gutenberg
  • #13: Gutenberg
  • #14: Gutenberg
  • #15: Mainze Psalter ads block printing and a 2nd color
  • #16: Early letter press
  • #17: Gutenberg Press
  • #18: Incunabula (from the cradle) Books published before 1500
  • #19: Roman Type
  • #20: Roman Printing
  • #21: Nicholas Jenson
  • #22: Nicholas Jenson type face
  • #23: Virgil by Aldus Manutius
  • #24: Bembo also a roman typeface also created by Manutius
  • #25: School
  • #27: Canterbury Tales
  • #28: Canterbury tales
  • #29: Early translation of Aristotle
  • #33: Sistine Chapel painted around 1500
  • #35: Luther bible in German
  • #36: German
  • #37: Franktur
  • #39: Garamond
  • #40: Garamond
  • #42: Tyndale Bible
  • #51: Galileo and the Saturn rings: Modern graphic design
  • #52: French Royal Typefaces designed with a 64 square grid, each grid split into 32 smaller units. Typography was now scientificResulted in the birth of Transitional typefaces
  • #53: Fournier invented the point system for measuring type by dividing an inch into 72 parts.Also published first encyclopedic survey of type.
  • #55: Caslon
  • #56: Declaration of Independence printed in Caslon
  • #57: Baskerville
  • #59: Didot
  • #60: Bodoni
  • #61: Bodonis Manual of Typography