Lesson 1 Southeast Asian Music
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The document discusses traditional music in Southeast Asia, focusing on Cambodia and Indonesia. It provides details on Cambodian court music traditions like the Pinpeat ensemble, which typically includes 9-10 instruments like drums, xylophones, and gongs played by ensemble members. It also discusses gamelan music traditions in Indonesia, describing the types of instruments that make up gamelan orchestras in Bali and Java, such as metallophones, xylophones, and gongs. It notes differences in compositional and improvisational approaches between Balinese and Javanese gamelan traditions.
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Lesson 1 Southeast Asian Music
- 3. Can you recall the differences between Vocal music and Instrumental music? Write their differences in your notebook.
- 4. The songs listed below belong to the different countries in Southeast Asia. Check the box beside the songs that are familiar to you.
- 5. Identify if the instrument is aerophone, chordophone, idiophone, membranophone, or an electrophone? Put a smiley face ( ) beside the instrument to indicate if you think you can play it.
- 16. At the end of this module. I would like to know about ____ I would like to be able to _____ I would like to understand _____ I would like to perform ______
- 19. Cambodia is one of the most beautiful countries in Southeast Asia.
- 20. It is also known as K但mp鏑ch辿a. It was the center of the Khmer (Cambodian) kingdom of Angkor, a great empire that dominated Southeast Asia for 600 years.
- 21. Their music gained a world- wide reputation in the 1960s until the dramatic political problems in Cambodia.
- 22. Art music is highly influenced by ancient forms as well as Hindu forms.
- 23. Cambodian court music is roughly similar to that of Java, Indonesia. They feature choruses with large orchestras based on struck keys and gongs.
- 24. Cambodian people also absorbed and adopted Indian, Chinese, European, and other cultures to suit their own traditions and tastes that resulted in a distinct Cambodian culture.
- 25. The Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually accompanies ceremonial music of the royal courts and temples.
- 26. Music is always part of their court dances, masked plays, shadow plays, and religious ceremonies.
- 27. This group is similar to the Piphat ensemble of Thailand and usually consists of nine or ten instruments.
- 31. SAMPHOR- a double-headed drum played with hands (membranophone)
- 37. SKORTHOM - two big drums similar to Japanese (membranophone)
- 40. 1.In 3-5 sentences, describe how the Pinpeat musicians play their instruments.
- 41. 2. How many instrument players were needed to form the Pinpeat?
- 42. 3. Are their instruments made of wood or metal?
- 45. Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia comprising approximately 17,500 islands. With over 238 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country and is the fourth biggest nation of the world.
- 46. Through interaction with other cultures such as Indian, Arabic, Chinese and European, a wide range of musical styles has been developed.
- 47. Today the contemporary music of Indonesia is popular not only in the region but also in the neighbouring countries.
- 48. There are two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale: o Slendro five (5) equidistant tones in octave o Peloq heptatonic (7) tone scale with semi tone
- 51. Polyphonic stratification kind of melody is a result of hocket/Interlock.
- 52. Interlocking is a common technique used in gong ensembles.
- 53. Irama is an Indonesian term for tempo
- 56. The word gamelan comes from the low Javanese word gamel, which may refer to a type of mallet of which instruments are struck with or the act of striking with a mallet.
- 57. The high Javanese word for gamelan is gangsa, formed either from the words tembaga and rejasa referring to the materials used in bronze gamelan construction (copper and tin), or tiga and sedasa referring to their proportions (three and ten).
- 58. There are a large number of different types of gamelan ensembles, as much in terms of instruments used as in sizes, as much in styles of music performed as for occasions when they are performed, as well for whom they perform. These ensembles can range from few portable instruments, played by three or four musicians, to a large ensemble with as many as twenty-five musicians and between ten to fifteen singers. Large gamelan are own by wealthy patrons, shadow play puppeteers or particular institution such as banks, schools or government offices. For their part, musicians own smaller and more portable ensembles.
- 59. The major difference between Balinese Gamelan music in regards to Javanese music is that Balinese music is strictly composed. There is very little space for improvisation, although there is some at times. Each piece is written and practiced as such to attain a unified musical expression (Tenzer, 1991). This possibly gave the opportunity to composers to broaden the orchestral complexity of their Gamelan music. Balinese musicians rehearse to perfect their music more than any other large ensembles in the world (Tenzer, 1991). While Javanese gamelan does not possess these features, its great complexity comes from the many strands of performers improvisations.
- 61. The Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the most popular form of music in Indonesia.
- 62. There are many types of Gamelan but the famous Javanese and Balinese Gamelan are the most famous.
- 63. It contains a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, kendang and gongs; bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings.
- 64. Gamelan is frequently played on the radio. For example, the Pura Pakualaman gamelan performs live on the radio every Minggu Pon (a day in the 35-day cycle of the Javanese calendar). In major towns, the Radio Republik Indonesia employs professional musicians and actors, and broadcast programs of a wide variety of gamelan music and drama.
- 72. Vocal music is used as ornamentation of the Gamelan. It is as important as gamelan.
- 73. Pesindhen (informally sindhen or sinden; also called waranggono) is a female soloist singer who sings with a Gamelan
- 74. Gerong refers to the unison male chorus that sings with the gamelan.
- 75. Karawitan is the term for every kind of gamelan music in Java.
- 76. are used to accompany dances, songs, and Wayang Kulit
- 78. consider their instruments sacred, therefore stepping over the instrument is a sign of disrespect
- 79. musicians bow before playing the instruments to show respect