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Lesson orthographic drawing

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Reece Hancock
Reece Hancock

The document discusses orthographic projection drawings and their use in technical design. It covers the principles of orthographic projection including the six standard views, use of visible vs hidden lines, and how to construct a multi-view orthographic drawing using front, top, and side views aligned using proper spacing guidelines. Examples are provided of orthographic views for an object contained within a glass box to demonstrate projecting different views.

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OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn DDrraawwiinngg TTeecchhnnoollooggiiccaall DDeessiiggnn
AAggeennddaa OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn 66 PPrriinncciippllee VViieewwss RRuulleess ooff OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn PPrriinncciippllee VViieewwss GGllaassss BBooxx LLiinnee TTyyppeess EExxaammppllee OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn
OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonnss aarree aa ccoolllleeccttiioonn ooff 22--DD ddrraawwiinnggss tthhaatt wwoorrkk ttooggeetthheerr ttoo ggiivvee aann aaccccuurraattee oovveerraallll rreepprreesseennttaattiioonn ooff aann oobbjjeecctt..
The ISO projection symbols The United States and Canada use the third-angle system of projection for drawings, whereas other countries use a different system known as first-angle projection. The purpose of introducing the ISO projection symbols is to indicate that there is a continuously increasing international exchange of drawings for the production of interchangeable parts. Thus, the symbol indicates whether the drawing follows the third- or first-angle projection system.
SSiixx PPrriinncciippllee VViieewwss TThhee 66 vviieewwss ooff pprroojjeeccttiioonn iinncclluuddee:: FFRROONNTT RRIIGGHHTT SSIIDDEE TTOOPP BBOOTTTTOOMM LLEEFFTT SSIIDDEE RREEAARR
Rules ooff OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc DDrraawwiinngg PPiicckk aa FFrroonntt VViieeww tthhaatt iiss mmoosstt ddeessccrriippttiivvee ooff oobbjjeecctt,, nnoorrmmaallllyy tthhee lloonnggeesstt ddiimmeennssiioonn iiss cchhoosseenn aass tthhee wwiiddtthh ((oorr ddeepptthh)) MMoosstt ccoommmmoonn ccoommbbiinnaattiioonn ooff vviieewwss iiss ttoo uussee aarree FFrroonntt,, TToopp,, aanndd SSiiddee VViieeww
PPrriinncciippllee VViieewwss FFrroonntt,, RRiigghhtt SSiiddee aanndd TToopp aarree vviieewwss tthhaatt ssiimmppllyy rreepprreesseenntteedd bbyy rroottaattiinngg tthhee oobbjjeecctt
GGllaassss BBooxx MMoosstt ppoowweerrffuull tteecchhnniiqquuee ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd oorrtthhooggrraapphhiicc pprroojjeeccttiioonnss SSuussppeenndd tthhee oobbjjeecctt wwiitthh ttrraannssppaarreenntt ssttrriinnggss iinnssiiddee aa ggllaassss bbooxx FFrreeeezzee tthhee vviieeww ffrroomm eeaacchh ddiirreeccttiioonn ((eeaacchh ooff tthhee ssiixx ssiiddeess ooff tthhee bbooxx)) aanndd uunnffoolldd tthhee bbooxx
GGllaassss BBooxx
GGllaassss BBooxx
GGllaassss BBooxx
GGllaassss BBooxx
GGllaassss BBooxx
GGllaassss BBooxx
Front, SSiiddee aanndd TToopp VViieewwss Height Depth Width Top View Front View Right Side View
LLiinnee TTyyppeess Visible Lines used to represent features that are seen in the current view Hidden Lines used to represent features that cannot be seen in the current view Centerlines used to represent symmetry and to mark the center of circles and the axes of cylinders, and the axes of symmetrical parts, such as cylinders and bolts
EExxaammppllee 1. Visible 2. Hidden 3. Center
Drawing the Views To complete an orthographic projection drawing follow these steps. Step 1: Lightly construct the front view. Step 2: Space the top view 25-40 mm above the front view. Lightly construct the top view directly over the front view. Extend the lower side of the top view to intersect a vertical line drawn to the right of the front view. 25-40 mm
DDrraawwiinngg tthhee VViieewwss The use of a 45o mitre line helps to project features from the top view to the side view. Step 3: Project the features of the front view to the right of the vertical line. Draw a line at 45o from the point of intersection as shown.
DDrraawwiinngg tthhee VViieewwss Step 4: Where the horizontal projection lines of the top view intersect with the mitre line, draw vertical projection lines to the side view.
DDrraawwiinngg tthhee VViieewwss Step 5: Erase all unnecessary lines. Complete the finished linework to complete the required orthographic views. Add the necessary information into the title block.
Spacing Orthographic Views To determine the starting point of your drawing use the following criteria: to find X: Measure the horizontal distance between borders (HSA) Subtract the total length of the views to be drawn (HSN) Divide the result by 2 HSA HSN = ? 歎 2 to find Y: Measure the vertical distance between borders (VSA) Subtract the total height of the views to be drawn (VSN) Divide the result by 2 VSA VSN = ? 歎 2
Spacing Orthographic Views Distance between borders HSA 260 Length 120 Width 38 Space 40 120 56 38 (HSA) (HSN) = ? 歎 2 = 31 260 - 120 + 40 + 38 198 = 62 歎 2 = 31

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Lesson orthographic drawing

  • 1. OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn DDrraawwiinngg TTeecchhnnoollooggiiccaall DDeessiiggnn
  • 2. AAggeennddaa OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn 66 PPrriinncciippllee VViieewwss RRuulleess ooff OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn PPrriinncciippllee VViieewwss GGllaassss BBooxx LLiinnee TTyyppeess EExxaammppllee OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn
  • 3. OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonn OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc PPrroojjeeccttiioonnss aarree aa ccoolllleeccttiioonn ooff 22--DD ddrraawwiinnggss tthhaatt wwoorrkk ttooggeetthheerr ttoo ggiivvee aann aaccccuurraattee oovveerraallll rreepprreesseennttaattiioonn ooff aann oobbjjeecctt..
  • 4. The ISO projection symbols The United States and Canada use the third-angle system of projection for drawings, whereas other countries use a different system known as first-angle projection. The purpose of introducing the ISO projection symbols is to indicate that there is a continuously increasing international exchange of drawings for the production of interchangeable parts. Thus, the symbol indicates whether the drawing follows the third- or first-angle projection system.
  • 5. SSiixx PPrriinncciippllee VViieewwss TThhee 66 vviieewwss ooff pprroojjeeccttiioonn iinncclluuddee:: FFRROONNTT RRIIGGHHTT SSIIDDEE TTOOPP BBOOTTTTOOMM LLEEFFTT SSIIDDEE RREEAARR
  • 6. Rules ooff OOrrtthhooggrraapphhiicc DDrraawwiinngg PPiicckk aa FFrroonntt VViieeww tthhaatt iiss mmoosstt ddeessccrriippttiivvee ooff oobbjjeecctt,, nnoorrmmaallllyy tthhee lloonnggeesstt ddiimmeennssiioonn iiss cchhoosseenn aass tthhee wwiiddtthh ((oorr ddeepptthh)) MMoosstt ccoommmmoonn ccoommbbiinnaattiioonn ooff vviieewwss iiss ttoo uussee aarree FFrroonntt,, TToopp,, aanndd SSiiddee VViieeww
  • 7. PPrriinncciippllee VViieewwss FFrroonntt,, RRiigghhtt SSiiddee aanndd TToopp aarree vviieewwss tthhaatt ssiimmppllyy rreepprreesseenntteedd bbyy rroottaattiinngg tthhee oobbjjeecctt
  • 8. GGllaassss BBooxx MMoosstt ppoowweerrffuull tteecchhnniiqquuee ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd oorrtthhooggrraapphhiicc pprroojjeeccttiioonnss SSuussppeenndd tthhee oobbjjeecctt wwiitthh ttrraannssppaarreenntt ssttrriinnggss iinnssiiddee aa ggllaassss bbooxx FFrreeeezzee tthhee vviieeww ffrroomm eeaacchh ddiirreeccttiioonn ((eeaacchh ooff tthhee ssiixx ssiiddeess ooff tthhee bbooxx)) aanndd uunnffoolldd tthhee bbooxx
  • 15. Front, SSiiddee aanndd TToopp VViieewwss Height Depth Width Top View Front View Right Side View
  • 16. LLiinnee TTyyppeess Visible Lines used to represent features that are seen in the current view Hidden Lines used to represent features that cannot be seen in the current view Centerlines used to represent symmetry and to mark the center of circles and the axes of cylinders, and the axes of symmetrical parts, such as cylinders and bolts
  • 17. EExxaammppllee 1. Visible 2. Hidden 3. Center
  • 18. Drawing the Views To complete an orthographic projection drawing follow these steps. Step 1: Lightly construct the front view. Step 2: Space the top view 25-40 mm above the front view. Lightly construct the top view directly over the front view. Extend the lower side of the top view to intersect a vertical line drawn to the right of the front view. 25-40 mm
  • 19. DDrraawwiinngg tthhee VViieewwss The use of a 45o mitre line helps to project features from the top view to the side view. Step 3: Project the features of the front view to the right of the vertical line. Draw a line at 45o from the point of intersection as shown.
  • 20. DDrraawwiinngg tthhee VViieewwss Step 4: Where the horizontal projection lines of the top view intersect with the mitre line, draw vertical projection lines to the side view.
  • 21. DDrraawwiinngg tthhee VViieewwss Step 5: Erase all unnecessary lines. Complete the finished linework to complete the required orthographic views. Add the necessary information into the title block.
  • 22. Spacing Orthographic Views To determine the starting point of your drawing use the following criteria: to find X: Measure the horizontal distance between borders (HSA) Subtract the total length of the views to be drawn (HSN) Divide the result by 2 HSA HSN = ? 歎 2 to find Y: Measure the vertical distance between borders (VSA) Subtract the total height of the views to be drawn (VSN) Divide the result by 2 VSA VSN = ? 歎 2
  • 23. Spacing Orthographic Views Distance between borders HSA 260 Length 120 Width 38 Space 40 120 56 38 (HSA) (HSN) = ? 歎 2 = 31 260 - 120 + 40 + 38 198 = 62 歎 2 = 31