leukaemia blood cancer Presentation.pptx
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Leukaemia is a cancer of the blood cells that starts in the bone marrow. It is characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells called blasts. The signs and symptoms may include anaemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves a complete blood count showing increased white blood cells and decreased other cells, as well as a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment consists of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or stem cell transplantation to rebuild the supply of normal blood cells and boost the immune system, while nursing management focuses on preventing infection, monitoring platelet counts, and managing side effects of treatment.
leukaemia blood cancer Presentation.pptx
- 1. LEUKAEMIA DEFINITION TYPES SIGNS/SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION MANEGMENT COMPLICATION NURSING MANAGEMENT NURSING DIAGNOSIS
- 2. DEFINITION:- 1. A malignant disorder of blood forming organ (spleen, lymphatic system and bone marrow) characterized by an abnormal increase number of white blood cells called blasts. 2. It is a cancer of blood cells which starts in the bone marrow where blood cells are made.
- 3. ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS:- 1. Unknown factors 2. Environmental factors (exposure to radiation) 3. Infectious agent (retrovirus)
- 4. Cont... 1. Hereditary aspects 2. Family occurrence 3. Chromosomal abnormalities easy down syndrome 4. Chemotherapy to treat another cancer 5. Tobacco chewing.
- 5. SIGN/SYMPTOMS:- Early stage may be asymptomatic Later stage: 1. Anaemia 2. Thrombocytopenia 3. Fever and night sweats 4. Fatigue 5. Headache 6. Disorientation
- 6. Cont..... 1. Gum disorders (brushing and bleeding easily) 2. Epitaxis 3. Pain in the bone and joints 4. Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, neck and groin. 5. Feeling of abdominal fullness due to hepatosplenomegaly 6. Hyperuricemia 7. Neutropenia
- 7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:- 1. CBC (Show increase WBC and decreased other cells). 2. Bone marrow biopsy.
- 9. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:- 1. Chemotherapy is use, e.g., chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, Prednisolone. 2. Radiation therapy 3. Stem cell transplantation: stem cell can rebuild supply of normal blood cells and boost patients immune system.
- 10. NURSING MANEGMENT:- 1. Always use aseptic technique to reduce chance of infection. 2. Monitor the platelet count. 3. Avoid mucosal and epithelial damage. 4. Observe the side effect of Chemotherapy. 5. Avoid urinary catheterization. 6. Avoid Rectal infection. 7. Prevent bleeding.
- 11. Cont.... 1.Avoid urinary catheterization. 2.Avoid Rectal infection. 3.Prevent bleeding. 4.Give analgesics to avoid pain. 5.Give oral hygiene. 6.Encourage nutritional diet to patient.