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Lisp Primer Key

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Yuumi Yoshida
Yuumi Yoshida

This document discusses the history and features of the Lisp programming language. It provides a timeline of the evolution of Lisp from 1958 to present day, highlighting important Lisp dialects like Scheme and Common Lisp. The rest of the document explores key aspects of Lisp like symbolic expressions, lazy evaluation, homoiconicity, and the read-eval-print loop interface. It also provides examples of basic Lisp code like arithmetic expressions and recursive functions.

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http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) Lisp (Gauche ) 2.1
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2000 EY-Of?ce 3
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Lisp 5
New York The lisps Sammy Tunis ?ickr lisp http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 6
Lisp S Lisp (Lisp ) 7
Lisp http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 8
Lisp LL 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 FORTAN C C++ Java C# ALGOL Pascal Simula COBOL Lisp1.5 Common Lisp Scheme Perl Ruby Smalltalk Python Javascript Haskell Prolog 9
Lisp Perl,Ruby,Python, Javascript ... Java,Perl,Ruby, Python, Javascript ... (Lisp) Haskell,Scale (Ruby, Javascript...) !? !? 10
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GC (Garbage collection) 12
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(Symbolic Expression) 14
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S http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 16
S 17
S 18
S 19
S 20
S 21
S 22
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Lisp http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 25
% rlwrap gosh gosh> (+ 1 2) 3 gosh> (* 2 (+ 3 4)) 14 gosh> 26
gosh> (define a 3) a gosh> a 3 gosh> (define b (+ 2 5)) b gosh> b 7 gosh> (+ a b) 10 27
gosh> (set! a (+ a 1)) 4 gosh> a 4 gosh> c *** ERROR: unbound variable: c gosh> 28
gosh> (let ((a 2) (b 3)) (set! a (+ a 1)) (+ a b)) 6 gosh> 29
gosh> (define (add3 n) (+ n 3)) add3 gosh> (add3 5) 8 gosh> (add3 (add3 4)) 10 30
quote gosh> c *** ERROR: unbound variable: c Stack Trace: _______________________________ gosh> (quote c) c gosh> 'c c gosh> 31
quote gosh> (x y z) *** ERROR: unbound variable: y Stack Trace: _________________________________ gosh> '(x y z) (x y z) gosh> (append '(a b) '(c d)) (a b c d) gosh> 32
S gosh> (car '(a b c)) a gosh> (cdr '(a b c)) (b c) gosh> (cons 'a '(b c)) (a b c) gosh> 33
gosh> (define (fact n) (if (= n 0) 1 (* n (fact (- n 1))))) fact gosh> (fact 3) 6 gosh> (fact 10) 3628800 gosh> 34
gosh> (define sample '(html (body (h1 "Lisp") (table (tr (td 1) (td "lisp")) (tr (td 2) (td "scheme")))))) sample gosh> (print-html sample) <html><body><h1>Lisp</h1><table><tr><td>1</td><td>lisp</ td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>scheme</td></tr></table></ body></html>#<undef> gosh> 35
36
(define (print-html e) (if (list? e) (begin (format #t "<~a>" (car e)) (print-html-list (cdr e)) (format #t "</~a>" (car e))) (display e))) 37
(define (print-html-list l) (if (null? l) #f (begin (print-html (car l)) (print-html-list (cdr l))))) 38
(define (print-html-list l) (until (null? l) (print-html (car l)) (set! l (cdr l)))) 39
Lisp http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 40
41
> (if (not (= 0 1)) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) not-eq > (not-if (= 0 1) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) not-eq 42
(define-macro (not-if test then else) (list 'if (list 'not test) then else)) gosh> (not-if (= 0 1) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) not-eq #<undef> gosh> (not-if (= 0 0) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) eq #<undef> 43
(define-macro (not-if test then else) (list 'if (list 'not test) then else)) > (let ((test '(= 0 1)) (then '(print "not-eq")) (else '(print "eq"))) (list 'if (list 'not test) then else)) (if (not (= 0 1)) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) 44
(define-macro (not-if test then else) `(if (not ,test) ,then ,else) gosh> (let ((a 2) (b 3)) `(add ,a (sub 5 ,(+ b 1)))) (add 2 (sub 5 4)) gosh> 45
DSL (define-action index (set! @todos (find <todo> :all))) (define-action show (set! @todo (find <todo> (params :id)))) (define-action edit (set! @todo (find <todo> (params :id))) (define-continuation edit (when (update_attributes @todo (params :todo)) (flash :notice "todo was successfully updated.") (redirect :action 'index)))) 46
Lisp 47
REPL 48
eval ( ) 49
env ( ) 50
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gosh> (define (add2 n) (+ n 2)) add2 gosh> (add2 3) 5 gosh> (define add2 (lambda(n) (+ n 2))) add2 gosh> (add2 3) 5 gosh> 52
Lisp 53
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http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 2.1 55

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Lisp Primer Key

  • 2. 2
  • 3. 2000 EY-Of?ce 3
  • 4. 4
  • 5. Lisp 5
  • 6. New York The lisps Sammy Tunis ?ickr lisp http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 6
  • 7. Lisp S Lisp (Lisp ) 7
  • 8. Lisp http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 8
  • 9. Lisp LL 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 FORTAN C C++ Java C# ALGOL Pascal Simula COBOL Lisp1.5 Common Lisp Scheme Perl Ruby Smalltalk Python Javascript Haskell Prolog 9
  • 10. Lisp Perl,Ruby,Python, Javascript ... Java,Perl,Ruby, Python, Javascript ... (Lisp) Haskell,Scale (Ruby, Javascript...) !? !? 10
  • 11. 11
  • 13. 13
  • 15. 15
  • 16. S http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 16
  • 17. S 17
  • 18. S 18
  • 19. S 19
  • 20. S 20
  • 21. S 21
  • 22. S 22
  • 23. 23
  • 24. 24
  • 25. Lisp http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 25
  • 26. % rlwrap gosh gosh> (+ 1 2) 3 gosh> (* 2 (+ 3 4)) 14 gosh> 26
  • 27. gosh> (define a 3) a gosh> a 3 gosh> (define b (+ 2 5)) b gosh> b 7 gosh> (+ a b) 10 27
  • 28. gosh> (set! a (+ a 1)) 4 gosh> a 4 gosh> c *** ERROR: unbound variable: c gosh> 28
  • 29. gosh> (let ((a 2) (b 3)) (set! a (+ a 1)) (+ a b)) 6 gosh> 29
  • 30. gosh> (define (add3 n) (+ n 3)) add3 gosh> (add3 5) 8 gosh> (add3 (add3 4)) 10 30
  • 31. quote gosh> c *** ERROR: unbound variable: c Stack Trace: _______________________________ gosh> (quote c) c gosh> 'c c gosh> 31
  • 32. quote gosh> (x y z) *** ERROR: unbound variable: y Stack Trace: _________________________________ gosh> '(x y z) (x y z) gosh> (append '(a b) '(c d)) (a b c d) gosh> 32
  • 33. S gosh> (car '(a b c)) a gosh> (cdr '(a b c)) (b c) gosh> (cons 'a '(b c)) (a b c) gosh> 33
  • 34. gosh> (define (fact n) (if (= n 0) 1 (* n (fact (- n 1))))) fact gosh> (fact 3) 6 gosh> (fact 10) 3628800 gosh> 34
  • 35. gosh> (define sample '(html (body (h1 "Lisp") (table (tr (td 1) (td "lisp")) (tr (td 2) (td "scheme")))))) sample gosh> (print-html sample) <html><body><h1>Lisp</h1><table><tr><td>1</td><td>lisp</ td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>scheme</td></tr></table></ body></html>#<undef> gosh> 35
  • 36. 36
  • 37. (define (print-html e) (if (list? e) (begin (format #t "<~a>" (car e)) (print-html-list (cdr e)) (format #t "</~a>" (car e))) (display e))) 37
  • 38. (define (print-html-list l) (if (null? l) #f (begin (print-html (car l)) (print-html-list (cdr l))))) 38
  • 39. (define (print-html-list l) (until (null? l) (print-html (car l)) (set! l (cdr l)))) 39
  • 40. Lisp http://www.?ickr.com/photos/dust/3603580129/ (CC Attribution) 40
  • 41. 41
  • 42. > (if (not (= 0 1)) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) not-eq > (not-if (= 0 1) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) not-eq 42
  • 43. (define-macro (not-if test then else) (list 'if (list 'not test) then else)) gosh> (not-if (= 0 1) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) not-eq #<undef> gosh> (not-if (= 0 0) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) eq #<undef> 43
  • 44. (define-macro (not-if test then else) (list 'if (list 'not test) then else)) > (let ((test '(= 0 1)) (then '(print "not-eq")) (else '(print "eq"))) (list 'if (list 'not test) then else)) (if (not (= 0 1)) (print "not-eq") (print "eq")) 44
  • 45. (define-macro (not-if test then else) `(if (not ,test) ,then ,else) gosh> (let ((a 2) (b 3)) `(add ,a (sub 5 ,(+ b 1)))) (add 2 (sub 5 4)) gosh> 45
  • 46. DSL (define-action index (set! @todos (find <todo> :all))) (define-action show (set! @todo (find <todo> (params :id)))) (define-action edit (set! @todo (find <todo> (params :id))) (define-continuation edit (when (update_attributes @todo (params :todo)) (flash :notice "todo was successfully updated.") (redirect :action 'index)))) 46
  • 47. Lisp 47
  • 49. eval ( ) 49
  • 50. env ( ) 50
  • 51. 51
  • 52. gosh> (define (add2 n) (+ n 2)) add2 gosh> (add2 3) 5 gosh> (define add2 (lambda(n) (+ n 2))) add2 gosh> (add2 3) 5 gosh> 52
  • 53. Lisp 53
  • 54. 54