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LSSC_Brochure-2015_Webnew

Karin Vazquez
Karin Vazquez

This document provides information about a capacity-building program on learning and South-South cooperation conducted in 2015 by the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) in New Delhi, India. The program was attended by 28 delegates from 19 countries and covered six thematic areas related to South-South cooperation, including science, technology and innovation, trade and investment, financial architecture, peace and security, the role of civil society, and theoretical frameworks. The document lists the RIS faculty and consultants who led sessions on topics such as intellectual property rights, biosafety, regional integration, development cooperation in Latin America, and the Sustainable Development Goals. It provides a high-level overview of the two-week program.

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CAPACITY-BUILDING PROGRAMme ON LEARNING SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION under ITEC/SCAAP, Government of India conducted by RIS, New Delhi 2015
RIS Faculty Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi Director General Dr. S.K. Mohanty Professor Dr. Ram Upendra Das Professor Dr. Prabir De Professor Dr. Beena Pandey Research Associate Dr. Sabyasachi Saha Assistant Professor Dr. Priyadarshi Dash Research Associate Ms. Sreya Pan Research Associate Mr. Amit Kumar Research Associate Mr. Sunando Basu Research Associate CONSULTANTS Dr. K. Ravi Srinivas Mr. Sushil Kumar Ms. Aditi Gupta Dr. Durairaj Kumarasamy VISITING FELLOWS Prof. T. C. James Prof. Milindo Chakarbarti Dr. T. P. Rajendran RESEARCH ASSISTANTS Mr. Pratyush Ms. Nitya Batra Ms. Aastha Gupta Ms. Harpreet Kaur Ms. Prativa Shaw Ms. Shreya Malhotra Ms. Bhavna Seth Ms. Pankhuri Gaur Ms. Akanksha Batra Ms. Deepti Bhatia Ms. Opinder Kaur Mr. Vaibhav Kaushik Ms. Kashika Arora Ms. Ankita Garg Adjunct Senior Fellows Prof. Manmohan Agarwal Prof. Mukul Asher Professor, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore; President, German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Hamburg, Germany; Dr. Balakrishna Pisupati Formerly Chairman, National Biodiversity Authority, Government of India Adjunct Fellows Dr. Kevin P. Gallagher Professor, Department of International Relations, Boston University; Senior Associate, GDAE, Tufts University Dr. Ramkishen S. Rajan Associate Professor, School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Washington D.C. Dr. Suma Athreye Reader, Brunel Business School, Brunel University, Uxbridge Dr. Srividhya Ragavan Associate Professor of Law, University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, Oklahoma
Twenty eight delegates from 19 different countries attended the Capacity-Building Programme on South-South Cooperation at RIS from 16-27 November 2015 wherethedelegateswereintroducedtodifferentfacetsofSSC. Six thematic areas under which the study programme was conducted were as follows: Theme I : Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) and South-South Cooperation Theme II : Trade, Investment and Development Issues Theme III : Financial Architecture and Monitoring and Evaluation Theme IV : Peace, Security, Culture, Institution Building and Multi-stakeholder Analysis Theme V : Role of Civil Society Organisations Theme VI : Theoretical Framework of SSC
In his inaugural address, Mr. Arun Kumar Sahu gave a snapshot of the ITEC Programme conducted by the Ministry of External Affairs. He expressed Indias unwavering support to other developing countries towards their quest for capacity-building as part of their common endeavours for the economic advancement of their people despite the fact that India was also facing some developmental challenges. He particularly emphasised the demand-driven approach of Indias development cooperation programme for the benefit of Indias partner countries. While talking about the demographic dividend that India enjoyed at the moment, he also underlined the urgent need for job creation for the youth in the developing countries. He also spoke about Indias ambitious Make in India programme, which would result in substantial job creation in the country. He also underlined the need for vocational training and incubation centers to support start-ups and emerging entrepreneurs as part of Indias ongoing economic development strategy. Concluding his remarks, Mr. Sahu shared details of Indias development programme initiatives, including Indias assistance in the area of disaster management. While thanking RIS for the initiative, Mr. Sahu wished the participants every success in the study programme. Inaugural Address Mr. Arun Kumar Sahu Joint Secretary (DPA-II) Ministry of External Affairs
Science, Technology and SSC: Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi Director General, RIS Prof. Chaturvedi started the day-2 of the study programme with an introductory lecture on STI and SSC explaining the fine distinction between Science Diplomacy and Technological Diplomacy. He explained that while the Science Diplomacy was important for developed countries, the Technological Diplomacy was of huge importance for the developing world. Prof. Chaturvedi also elaborated on the connotations of ongoing typologies associated with topics like Promotion Diplomacy, Public Aid Diplomacy, Functional Diplomacy and Global Leadership Diplomacy, in addition to science-centred models, science-outsourcing models and top-down coordination models. Science, Technology and SSC: Dr. K. Ravi Srinivas, Consultant, RIS Dr. K. Ravi Srinivas talked about the national approaches to Science Diplomacy where coordination between the foreign policy, education policy and industrial policy of the country is of utmost importance. Science, Technology and SSC Some Practical Illustrations: Dr. H. Purushottam, Chairman and MD, National Research Development Cooperation (NRDC) Dr. H. Purushottam gave a detailed introduction of the mandate and workings of NRDC. He explained how the organisation has been at the forefront of delivering different developmental projects in the Southern countries. He also explained the importance of incubation centers for providing a fillip to the entrepreneurial atmosphere of the country. Dr. Purushottam elaborated on the successful projects undertaken by the NRDC in countries like Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Rwanda, Senegal, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, Benin, and Sudan. Theme I Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) and South-South Cooperation Dr. K. Ravi Srinivas Consultant, RIS Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi Director General, RIS Dr. H. Purushottam Chairman and MD, National Research Development Cooperation
Intellectual Property Rights and SSC: Prof. T. C. James, Visiting Fellow, RIS Prof. T. C. James gave a background on terms copyrights and IPR. He further explained how the first to file a patent gets the patent and not the first to invent and how ideas can neither be copyrighted nor patented. Further, he went on to explain the Technology Facilitation Mechanism under Sustainable Development Goals. He expressed the confidence that the developing countries would cooperate in international negotiations to fight the information/knowledge asymmetries perpetrated by the developed countries. Cooperation in Bio-Safety: Dr. Ranjini Warrier, Adviser, Ministry of Environment and Forrest (MoEF) The session started with the speaker giving an introduction of different stakeholdersassociatedwithSSCandtherelationshipbetweenSSCand Biosafety. She explained Biosafety in the context of modern technology, bio-security and Sanitary & Phytosanitary measures. She then went onto explain the differences between biosecurity and biosafety. It was also explained that there are no differences between GMOs and LMOs. An overview about the Cartagena Protocol on Biodiversity was also discussed. The session ended with the discussion on challenges in effective implementation and enforcement of legitimate policies in the field of biosafety. Science, Technology and International Affairs: Prof. Pranav Desai, Centre for Studies in Science Policy, JNU The session started with defining the criteria for entering into international cooperation of Science and Technology. The criteria discussed were of S&T objective, socio-economic objective and political or diplomatic objective. It was also discussed how political or diplomatic objective has an overbearing influence on entering into the internationalisation of S&T. The speaker discussed the rise in the ranking of Asia with respect to R&D expenditure, number of researches, number of publications and rise in number of patent filings. The aspect of inflow and outflow of FDI in R&D was also discussed towards the end of the lecture. Prof. T. C. James Visiting Fellow, RIS Dr. Ranjini Warrier Adviser, Ministry of Environment and Forrest (MoEF) Prof. Pranav Desai Centre for Studies in Science Policy, JNU
Introduction to Regional Integration and Trade and Investment Linkages: Prof. Ram Upendra Das, RIS A comprehensive and detailed explanation on how and why countries are entering into regional trade integration that are also WTO-consistent was provided by Prof. Ram Upendra Das. In the realm of trade in goods, the nuances of the Most-favoured Nation (MFN) treatment with respect to tariff liberalisation at HS-6 digit level as well as the imperatives of derogation from the MFN was explained by the speaker. These were also explained with respect to trade in services. He highlighted that both the multilateralism at the WTO and the bilateral / regional FTAs can co-exist also due the domino effect. The main reason behind these is the price competition due to increased market access and risk of countries being left out. According to the speaker, trade in goods and trade in services are interlinked and they in turn are linked with investments as well. Taken together, they help deepening of bilateral /regional economic integration. The lecture ended with an explanation how FTAs can be the solution to push development in the countries and at the same time using safeguards to address side-effects, if any. Indias Experience with Development and Post-2015 Agenda: Dr. P.K. Anand, Senior Consultant, NITI Aayog Dr. P. K. Anand explained the different factors that influence economic growth. They were namely: institutions (say, ease of doing business); investment in human capital; investment in physical capital; trade openness and R&D innovations. He explained the Game Theory to drive home his point. He also gave prescriptive measures to ensure growth. In technology, the speaker mentioned that there must be technology transfer through North-South Cooperation (NSC), SSC and triangular development cooperation. He also ended his presentation by emphasising that there must be accountable and transparent institutions at all level to achieve a desired rate of growth. Investment must be increased, including through enhanced institutional cooperation in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services. Theme II Trade, Investment and Development Issues Dr. P. K. Anand Senior Consultant, NITI Aayog Prof. Ram Upendra Das RIS
IndiasDevelopmentCooperationwithLatinAmerica: Ms. Karin Vazquez, Scholar and Researcher Ms. Karin talked about how Latin American countries (LAC) have been at the forefront of South-South Cooperation (SSC) since the last decade and but there are very few LAC-India development partnerships. She also explained the similarities and differences between LAC and Indian development cooperation practices. According to the speaker, while in LAC SSC is mainly given as non-repayable grants for technical cooperation and scholarships, India largely gives out loans targeted towards economic growth and development of recipient countries along with that of India. She also underlined the potential for LAC-India technical cooperation agreements for capacity building and technology transfer. There are also benefits to be reaped if IBSA focuses on areas in which it has a clear competitive advantage and if it uses financial instruments and modalities that focus more on poverty than just act as infrastructure aid. Developing Countries in the World Economy and Rise of the Global South: Dr. Ash Narain Roy, Director, Institute of Social Sciences The lecture started with Dr. Ash Narain Roy posing a question Do the Rest Need the West? and a statement The World without the West. The gist of the lecture was that if during the 1990s, the resurgent powers tried to deepen their connection with the Euro-Atlantic hub, they are now taking further steps to tighten the relationship between themselves to bypass the West. He then explained the parallel multilateral architecture and the associated reconfiguration of the world. Through the share in global GDP and participation in global trade, the speaker explained that the South is now bolder and the rise of it is not a passing fad. He ended his lecture by emphasising that the rise of South is not by following a Western liberal model but by forming regional blocs. However, he had a word of caution that the SSC should not be romanticised and there must be a partnership of equals based on solidarity. Ms. Karin Vazquez Scholar and Researcher Dr. Ash Narain Roy Director, Institute of Social Sciences
SDGs and the Responsibilities of the Global North: Mr. Yuri Afanasiev, UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative The speaker started his speech with the mention of global economic scenario, as developed countries are going through economic crisis while developing world is witnessing growth, but developing countries were going through jobless growth.He then mentioned about SDGs and how developing countries contributed significantly in shaping these goals. He further mentioned about major challenges in implementing of SDGs, i.e. finance, technology, and implementation issues. As far as finance is concerned, he was of the opinion that done model was not going to work and developing countries would have to finance these goals through their own resources. In the area of technology transfer, the issues related to IPR need to be looked into, he underlined. On the issue of governance, he advocated reforms in UN. However, he cautioned that any reform should be through consensus and not through majority. He also highlighted about governance issues in the New Development Bank and AIIB. Mr. Yuri Afanasiev UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative, New Delhi
Theme III Financial Architecture and Monitoring and Evaluation Dr. Sreeram S. Chaulia Professor and Dean, Jindal School of International Affairs Prof. Rathin Roy Director General, NIPFP Prof. Milindo Chakrabarti Visiting Fellow, RIS Financial Architecture and Agenda 2030: Prof. Rathin Roy, Director General, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) Prof. Rathin Roy started his lecture by explaining the bipolar disorder of theworldinwhichtheUnitedStatesandChinaarethesuperpowerswith USpossessingtheCreativeEconomy.Thespeakeralsodiscussedthe source of fuelling the economic growth of the superpowers. According to him, the US has a huge domestic economy and it uses the surplus generated out of it to increase its strength worldwide. China, according to him, engages with the world first and leverages its surplus through its trade and has then increased its military strength and its stature in the world. The speaker also discussed the shift that has taken place in the Bretton Woods institutions from addressing infrastructure and agriculture related issues to addressing poverty. A caveat to such an explanation was discussed through the workings of the African Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank through their work on infrastructure albeit at a slow pace. New Financial Institutions: Dr. Sreeram S. Chaulia, Professor and Dean, Jindal School of International Affairs Prof.SreeramS.Chauliastartedhislecturebydiscussingtheattainment of juridical sovereignty and lack of empirical sovereignty by the newly decolonised nations of Asia and Africa since 1950s. He then went on to explain the transformations that have taken place in the world order since the fall of the Berlin Wall. According to the speaker, the three major events that have transformed the world are the emergence of new institutions like the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank, the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Sun Alliance; and Intensifying Coalitions within the Southern countries which have led to increase in the intra-South trade and strategic cooperation with the North. Monitoring and Evaluation: Prof. Milindo Chakarabarti, Visiting Fellow, RIS Prof. Milindo Chakrabarti started the lecture by giving a brief insight at the state of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) of the world. He then explained that underdevelopment in these countries is a result of coordinationfailure.Healsosuggestedthepossibleremedialmeasures with special emphasis on the role of development cooperation in reducing the coordination failure. The speaker also explained that external monitoring is a requirement in North-South Cooperation (NSC) as it is necessary to ensure conditionalities imposed while external monitoring is not required for SSC as it is based on demand driven approach. He ended his lecture by cautioning that financial audit and development evaluation should not be used synonymously as both are not one and the same.
Theme IV Peace, Security, Culture, Institution Building and Multi-stakeholder Analysis Prof. Anuradha Chenoy Chairperson FIDC and Dean, School of International Studies, JNU Dr. S. Y. Quraishi Former Election Commissioner of India Cmdr. Uday Bhaskar Director, Society for Policy Studies Peace, Security and Development: Cmdr. Uday Bhaskar, Director, Society for Policy Studies Cmdr. Bhaskar invoked the historical text of Arthshastra at the start of his lecture and connected Indias glorious past with its challenging present with respect to the security issues and foreign policy. The speaker also explained the economic and military hexagons (H1 and H2) comprising major countries and important groupings. He ended his lecture by discussing the menace of terrorism and the issue of refugees across Europe. PeaceKeepingOperationsandSSC:Prof.AnuradhaChenoy, Chairperson FIDC and Dean, School of International Studies, JNU Prof. Chenoy started her lecture by explaining that peace operations have become more expensive, more complex and more dangerous as the definitional nature of different peace operations have expanded. The speaker then talked about the role of Southern countries in providing the largest contingent of UN peacekeeping forces in the world. The speaker explained the concept of DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration in detail. The lecture ended with a discussion on transitional justice and reconciliation mission under the auspices of the UN. Struggling Democracies Need for SSC: Dr. S. Y. Quraishi, Former Election Commissioner of India Dr. S. Y. Quraishi started his lecture by giving a broad overview of the Indian elections with special emphasis on 2014 Lok Sabha elections which were the largest election in the world history. The complexities associated with holding such a massive election were also discussed. In the second part of his lecture he elaborated on the importance of democracy in the context of South Asia as it houses 60 per cent of the worlds democracy and 30 per cent of the worlds population. Conducting of elections in the backdrop of the constitutional issues and issues of religious minorities; ethnic issues; women issues; and human rights and civil liberties across the region was elaborated by the speaker. He ended his lecture by explaining the electoral management and recommendations for strengthening the election process.
Multi-Stakeholder Approach of SSC: Mr. T. K. Arun, Editor, The Economic Times Mr. T. K. Arun started his lecture by explaining the usefulness of interdependence between the North and the South and gave various examples to substantiate his claims. Some examples were the technologies developed in the North that are being brought to reality in the developing world. The Maglev developed in Germany is being realised in China. Meningitis drugs developed in the North are being used to treat people in Africa. This interdependence, according to him, is very useful. The speaker felt that the developing countries must cooperate among themselves to leverage the norms in their favour. He also talked about how export-led growth through commodity boom is not sustainable in nature by giving the example of Brazil, whose economy has slowed down because China has reduced the imports from Brazil. According to the speaker, the biggest cooperation in SSC waiting to happen in the world is in the field of finances and the change has started to happen with the emergence of new financial institutions like AIIB and NDB. He ended his address by explaining how re-imagining cultural and economic contours are very important especially for the countries who have undergone colonialism. Cultural linkages and SSC: Ambassador Suresh Goel, Former Director General, Indian Council for Cultural Relations Ambassador Goel started his lecture by commenting that SSC is all about finding a common ground in the developing world in different fields and the cultural connections are the tangible ways through which SSC takes place. He, however, mentioned that there are intangibles ways too, through which SSC takes place and it must be leveraged for Indias development. He candidly said that culture as a concept is difficult to explain and it is about different identities. He gave different examples of cultural linkages between India and its neighbours. He said that Silk Route-One Belt, One Road initiative is not purely a Chinese initiative. Back in the days, India, China and Central Asia were connected through this route. The speaker then went on to explain how people must be positioned before the conceptualisation and enactment of any policy. Encouraging the youths of different countries for knowing about different parts of the world helps them in broadening the horizons, and it must happen at an early age when the individual is bereft of any prejudices. He ended his lecture by explaining how going beyond the philosophical aspects of culture one can see economic push in this field. The point was substantiated through the example of music and theatre groups of different countries coming together and touring the world. Amb. Suresh Goel Former Director General, Indian Council for Cultural Relations Mr. TK Arun Editor, The Economic Times
Role of CSOs and SSC: Mr. Amitabh Behar, Executive Director, National Foundation for India Mr. Amitabh Behar started his lecture by explaining the different types of Indian CSOs based on their mode of service delivery. The types mentioned by him were public service contractors; groups working in partnerships with the state governments; part-partnership and part-opposition; and part-opposition and part-negotiations. The speaker also discussed the challenges faced by the CSOs in their activities. The restrictive regime and imposition of clauses severely hampers the cross-border workings of the CSOs. However, the Indian government allowed the Indian CSOs to carry out relief operations in the recent Nepal earthquakes. He mentioned that the Southern CSOs interact with each other through the global North and this problem can be addressed only through availability of more resources at the disposal of the CSOs. He ended his lecture by explaining how CSOs are vital for the fulfilment of the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Mr. Amitabh Behar Executive Director, National Foundation for India Theme V Role of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs)
Theoretical Conception of SSC: Prof. S. K Mohanty, RIS Prof. Mohanty started his lecture by explaining that development aid has been flowing from both developed and developing world. He further added that North has always believed that a country can develop only if it has macroeconomic stability. This is dubbed as the monetarist perspective of growth. The speaker then explained that countries in Latin America and Asia grew despite having macroeconomic stability and this according to him is the structuralist perspective of growth. Monetarist approach inflation is the key to macroeconomic stability as monetarists believe that inflation is of monetary origins. The mission approach is an alternative to monetary approach based on framework approach to development cooperation. According to this framework, inflation, money supply, foreign exchange problems, rational inflationary expectation, etc., are the monetary issues. Structuralist Approach - Growth with macroeconomic instability. Inflation is structural in nature and is built in these economies. The speaker then commented that going by the middle path approach, neither the monetarist nor structuralist approach could be appropriate for comprehensive global development cooperation. The lecture ended with the discussion on the Indias Mission Approach to development cooperation and dispensation of the development cooperation projects through the Development Compact. Theme VI Theoretical Framework of SSC Prof. S.K. Mohanty RIS Prof. B.B. Bhattacharya Former Vice-Chancellor Jawaharlal Nehru University Professor B. B. Bhattacharya, a reputed economist, discussed the evolution of global institutional framework of South-South Cooperation. He explained how a divide was created between rich and poor countries after World War II and institutions such World Bank and IMF came into being. Institutions like GATT and UNCTAD were also formed but Southern countries grew suspicious of GATT and UNCTAD became a debating platform for the world. But the southern countries lacked funds and, therefore, the influence at such global platforms. He also noted that after the oil price shocks during 1990s, the influence of developing countries increased due to their high growth rates and development and GATT was reformed as WTO. There have been shifts of power at global platforms due to increased economic activities of Southern countries and low growth rates of the North. Also, there have been success stories of pragmatic approaches amongst developing countries, for instance ASEAN. According to him, what is needed of southern countries now is to have collective efforts amongst themselves in order to discuss economic issues and further shift the global power in favour of them. Valedictory Address
Ms. Leticia Mariela Estevez Argentina Ministry of Tourism Mr. Anar Hidayatov Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ms. Leyla Orucova Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Carlos E. Timo Brito Brazil The Pandia Calogeras Institute Ministry of Defense Mr. Joan Antonio Lima Brazil IPEA Mrs. Karen Paola J. Morales Colombia Presidential Agency of International Cooperation Mrs. Diana Marcela P. Cruz Columbia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Imam Abdillah Comoros Ministry of External Relations and Cooperation Mr. Mohamed Ouattara Member of Parliament National Assembly Cote DIvoire Mrs. Mariela A. M. Delgado Cuba Ministry of Foreign Trade and Investment Mr. Yimenu Kassahun Ethiopia Ministry of Water Irrigation and Energy Mr. Kwabena Akuffo Akoto Ghana Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration Mr. Charles Osei Mensah Ghana Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integartion Ms. Rosshanda Bagot Guyana Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mrs. Gulnaz Atabaeva Krygyzstan International Ataturk Alatoo University Mrs. Asel Azhykulova Krygyzstan International Ataturk Alatoo University Mrs. Fathimath Razana Maldives Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Win Ko Myanmar Financial Regulatory Department Attached to Ministry of Finance Ms. Myat Thaw Tar Aye Myanmar International Organizations and Economic Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Vijay Raj Tandukar Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Yogoub Babiker Sudan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Bipin Duwadi Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ms. Ayat Yousif A. Haroun Sudan Council for International Peoples Friendship Mr. Thanasak Saman Thailand Department of South Asian Middle East and African Affairs Mr. Wekri Kerim Togo Ministry of Development Planning and Regional Management Mr. Tchein NGhalkpa Togo Ministry of Planning and Development Ms. Dhokkar Saoussen Tunisia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. James Bichachi Wafula Uganda Ministry of Foreign Affairs LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Core IV B, 4th Floor, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road New Delhi-110003, India, Ph.: 91-11-24682177-80 Fax: 91-11-24682173-74, Email: dgoffice@ris.org.in Website: http://www.ris.org.in Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) is a New Delhi-based autonomous policy research institute that specialises in issues related to international economic development, trade, investment and technology. RIS is envisioned as a forum for fostering effective policy dialogue and capacity-building among developing countries on global and regional economic issues. The focus of the work programme of RIS is to promote South-South Cooperation and collaborate with developing countries in multilateral negotiations in various forums. RIS is engaged across inter-governmental processes of several regional economic cooperation initiatives. Through its intensive network of think tanks, RIS seeks to strengthen policy coherence on international economic issues and the development partnership canvas. For more information about RIS and its work programme, please visit its website: www.ris.org.in RIS A Think-Tank of Developing Countries

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LSSC_Brochure-2015_Webnew

  • 1. CAPACITY-BUILDING PROGRAMme ON LEARNING SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION under ITEC/SCAAP, Government of India conducted by RIS, New Delhi 2015
  • 2. RIS Faculty Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi Director General Dr. S.K. Mohanty Professor Dr. Ram Upendra Das Professor Dr. Prabir De Professor Dr. Beena Pandey Research Associate Dr. Sabyasachi Saha Assistant Professor Dr. Priyadarshi Dash Research Associate Ms. Sreya Pan Research Associate Mr. Amit Kumar Research Associate Mr. Sunando Basu Research Associate CONSULTANTS Dr. K. Ravi Srinivas Mr. Sushil Kumar Ms. Aditi Gupta Dr. Durairaj Kumarasamy VISITING FELLOWS Prof. T. C. James Prof. Milindo Chakarbarti Dr. T. P. Rajendran RESEARCH ASSISTANTS Mr. Pratyush Ms. Nitya Batra Ms. Aastha Gupta Ms. Harpreet Kaur Ms. Prativa Shaw Ms. Shreya Malhotra Ms. Bhavna Seth Ms. Pankhuri Gaur Ms. Akanksha Batra Ms. Deepti Bhatia Ms. Opinder Kaur Mr. Vaibhav Kaushik Ms. Kashika Arora Ms. Ankita Garg Adjunct Senior Fellows Prof. Manmohan Agarwal Prof. Mukul Asher Professor, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore; President, German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Hamburg, Germany; Dr. Balakrishna Pisupati Formerly Chairman, National Biodiversity Authority, Government of India Adjunct Fellows Dr. Kevin P. Gallagher Professor, Department of International Relations, Boston University; Senior Associate, GDAE, Tufts University Dr. Ramkishen S. Rajan Associate Professor, School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Washington D.C. Dr. Suma Athreye Reader, Brunel Business School, Brunel University, Uxbridge Dr. Srividhya Ragavan Associate Professor of Law, University of Oklahoma College of Law, Norman, Oklahoma
  • 3. Twenty eight delegates from 19 different countries attended the Capacity-Building Programme on South-South Cooperation at RIS from 16-27 November 2015 wherethedelegateswereintroducedtodifferentfacetsofSSC. Six thematic areas under which the study programme was conducted were as follows: Theme I : Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) and South-South Cooperation Theme II : Trade, Investment and Development Issues Theme III : Financial Architecture and Monitoring and Evaluation Theme IV : Peace, Security, Culture, Institution Building and Multi-stakeholder Analysis Theme V : Role of Civil Society Organisations Theme VI : Theoretical Framework of SSC
  • 4. In his inaugural address, Mr. Arun Kumar Sahu gave a snapshot of the ITEC Programme conducted by the Ministry of External Affairs. He expressed Indias unwavering support to other developing countries towards their quest for capacity-building as part of their common endeavours for the economic advancement of their people despite the fact that India was also facing some developmental challenges. He particularly emphasised the demand-driven approach of Indias development cooperation programme for the benefit of Indias partner countries. While talking about the demographic dividend that India enjoyed at the moment, he also underlined the urgent need for job creation for the youth in the developing countries. He also spoke about Indias ambitious Make in India programme, which would result in substantial job creation in the country. He also underlined the need for vocational training and incubation centers to support start-ups and emerging entrepreneurs as part of Indias ongoing economic development strategy. Concluding his remarks, Mr. Sahu shared details of Indias development programme initiatives, including Indias assistance in the area of disaster management. While thanking RIS for the initiative, Mr. Sahu wished the participants every success in the study programme. Inaugural Address Mr. Arun Kumar Sahu Joint Secretary (DPA-II) Ministry of External Affairs
  • 5. Science, Technology and SSC: Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi Director General, RIS Prof. Chaturvedi started the day-2 of the study programme with an introductory lecture on STI and SSC explaining the fine distinction between Science Diplomacy and Technological Diplomacy. He explained that while the Science Diplomacy was important for developed countries, the Technological Diplomacy was of huge importance for the developing world. Prof. Chaturvedi also elaborated on the connotations of ongoing typologies associated with topics like Promotion Diplomacy, Public Aid Diplomacy, Functional Diplomacy and Global Leadership Diplomacy, in addition to science-centred models, science-outsourcing models and top-down coordination models. Science, Technology and SSC: Dr. K. Ravi Srinivas, Consultant, RIS Dr. K. Ravi Srinivas talked about the national approaches to Science Diplomacy where coordination between the foreign policy, education policy and industrial policy of the country is of utmost importance. Science, Technology and SSC Some Practical Illustrations: Dr. H. Purushottam, Chairman and MD, National Research Development Cooperation (NRDC) Dr. H. Purushottam gave a detailed introduction of the mandate and workings of NRDC. He explained how the organisation has been at the forefront of delivering different developmental projects in the Southern countries. He also explained the importance of incubation centers for providing a fillip to the entrepreneurial atmosphere of the country. Dr. Purushottam elaborated on the successful projects undertaken by the NRDC in countries like Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Rwanda, Senegal, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, Benin, and Sudan. Theme I Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) and South-South Cooperation Dr. K. Ravi Srinivas Consultant, RIS Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi Director General, RIS Dr. H. Purushottam Chairman and MD, National Research Development Cooperation
  • 6. Intellectual Property Rights and SSC: Prof. T. C. James, Visiting Fellow, RIS Prof. T. C. James gave a background on terms copyrights and IPR. He further explained how the first to file a patent gets the patent and not the first to invent and how ideas can neither be copyrighted nor patented. Further, he went on to explain the Technology Facilitation Mechanism under Sustainable Development Goals. He expressed the confidence that the developing countries would cooperate in international negotiations to fight the information/knowledge asymmetries perpetrated by the developed countries. Cooperation in Bio-Safety: Dr. Ranjini Warrier, Adviser, Ministry of Environment and Forrest (MoEF) The session started with the speaker giving an introduction of different stakeholdersassociatedwithSSCandtherelationshipbetweenSSCand Biosafety. She explained Biosafety in the context of modern technology, bio-security and Sanitary & Phytosanitary measures. She then went onto explain the differences between biosecurity and biosafety. It was also explained that there are no differences between GMOs and LMOs. An overview about the Cartagena Protocol on Biodiversity was also discussed. The session ended with the discussion on challenges in effective implementation and enforcement of legitimate policies in the field of biosafety. Science, Technology and International Affairs: Prof. Pranav Desai, Centre for Studies in Science Policy, JNU The session started with defining the criteria for entering into international cooperation of Science and Technology. The criteria discussed were of S&T objective, socio-economic objective and political or diplomatic objective. It was also discussed how political or diplomatic objective has an overbearing influence on entering into the internationalisation of S&T. The speaker discussed the rise in the ranking of Asia with respect to R&D expenditure, number of researches, number of publications and rise in number of patent filings. The aspect of inflow and outflow of FDI in R&D was also discussed towards the end of the lecture. Prof. T. C. James Visiting Fellow, RIS Dr. Ranjini Warrier Adviser, Ministry of Environment and Forrest (MoEF) Prof. Pranav Desai Centre for Studies in Science Policy, JNU
  • 7. Introduction to Regional Integration and Trade and Investment Linkages: Prof. Ram Upendra Das, RIS A comprehensive and detailed explanation on how and why countries are entering into regional trade integration that are also WTO-consistent was provided by Prof. Ram Upendra Das. In the realm of trade in goods, the nuances of the Most-favoured Nation (MFN) treatment with respect to tariff liberalisation at HS-6 digit level as well as the imperatives of derogation from the MFN was explained by the speaker. These were also explained with respect to trade in services. He highlighted that both the multilateralism at the WTO and the bilateral / regional FTAs can co-exist also due the domino effect. The main reason behind these is the price competition due to increased market access and risk of countries being left out. According to the speaker, trade in goods and trade in services are interlinked and they in turn are linked with investments as well. Taken together, they help deepening of bilateral /regional economic integration. The lecture ended with an explanation how FTAs can be the solution to push development in the countries and at the same time using safeguards to address side-effects, if any. Indias Experience with Development and Post-2015 Agenda: Dr. P.K. Anand, Senior Consultant, NITI Aayog Dr. P. K. Anand explained the different factors that influence economic growth. They were namely: institutions (say, ease of doing business); investment in human capital; investment in physical capital; trade openness and R&D innovations. He explained the Game Theory to drive home his point. He also gave prescriptive measures to ensure growth. In technology, the speaker mentioned that there must be technology transfer through North-South Cooperation (NSC), SSC and triangular development cooperation. He also ended his presentation by emphasising that there must be accountable and transparent institutions at all level to achieve a desired rate of growth. Investment must be increased, including through enhanced institutional cooperation in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services. Theme II Trade, Investment and Development Issues Dr. P. K. Anand Senior Consultant, NITI Aayog Prof. Ram Upendra Das RIS
  • 8. IndiasDevelopmentCooperationwithLatinAmerica: Ms. Karin Vazquez, Scholar and Researcher Ms. Karin talked about how Latin American countries (LAC) have been at the forefront of South-South Cooperation (SSC) since the last decade and but there are very few LAC-India development partnerships. She also explained the similarities and differences between LAC and Indian development cooperation practices. According to the speaker, while in LAC SSC is mainly given as non-repayable grants for technical cooperation and scholarships, India largely gives out loans targeted towards economic growth and development of recipient countries along with that of India. She also underlined the potential for LAC-India technical cooperation agreements for capacity building and technology transfer. There are also benefits to be reaped if IBSA focuses on areas in which it has a clear competitive advantage and if it uses financial instruments and modalities that focus more on poverty than just act as infrastructure aid. Developing Countries in the World Economy and Rise of the Global South: Dr. Ash Narain Roy, Director, Institute of Social Sciences The lecture started with Dr. Ash Narain Roy posing a question Do the Rest Need the West? and a statement The World without the West. The gist of the lecture was that if during the 1990s, the resurgent powers tried to deepen their connection with the Euro-Atlantic hub, they are now taking further steps to tighten the relationship between themselves to bypass the West. He then explained the parallel multilateral architecture and the associated reconfiguration of the world. Through the share in global GDP and participation in global trade, the speaker explained that the South is now bolder and the rise of it is not a passing fad. He ended his lecture by emphasising that the rise of South is not by following a Western liberal model but by forming regional blocs. However, he had a word of caution that the SSC should not be romanticised and there must be a partnership of equals based on solidarity. Ms. Karin Vazquez Scholar and Researcher Dr. Ash Narain Roy Director, Institute of Social Sciences
  • 9. SDGs and the Responsibilities of the Global North: Mr. Yuri Afanasiev, UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative The speaker started his speech with the mention of global economic scenario, as developed countries are going through economic crisis while developing world is witnessing growth, but developing countries were going through jobless growth.He then mentioned about SDGs and how developing countries contributed significantly in shaping these goals. He further mentioned about major challenges in implementing of SDGs, i.e. finance, technology, and implementation issues. As far as finance is concerned, he was of the opinion that done model was not going to work and developing countries would have to finance these goals through their own resources. In the area of technology transfer, the issues related to IPR need to be looked into, he underlined. On the issue of governance, he advocated reforms in UN. However, he cautioned that any reform should be through consensus and not through majority. He also highlighted about governance issues in the New Development Bank and AIIB. Mr. Yuri Afanasiev UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative, New Delhi
  • 10. Theme III Financial Architecture and Monitoring and Evaluation Dr. Sreeram S. Chaulia Professor and Dean, Jindal School of International Affairs Prof. Rathin Roy Director General, NIPFP Prof. Milindo Chakrabarti Visiting Fellow, RIS Financial Architecture and Agenda 2030: Prof. Rathin Roy, Director General, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) Prof. Rathin Roy started his lecture by explaining the bipolar disorder of theworldinwhichtheUnitedStatesandChinaarethesuperpowerswith USpossessingtheCreativeEconomy.Thespeakeralsodiscussedthe source of fuelling the economic growth of the superpowers. According to him, the US has a huge domestic economy and it uses the surplus generated out of it to increase its strength worldwide. China, according to him, engages with the world first and leverages its surplus through its trade and has then increased its military strength and its stature in the world. The speaker also discussed the shift that has taken place in the Bretton Woods institutions from addressing infrastructure and agriculture related issues to addressing poverty. A caveat to such an explanation was discussed through the workings of the African Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank through their work on infrastructure albeit at a slow pace. New Financial Institutions: Dr. Sreeram S. Chaulia, Professor and Dean, Jindal School of International Affairs Prof.SreeramS.Chauliastartedhislecturebydiscussingtheattainment of juridical sovereignty and lack of empirical sovereignty by the newly decolonised nations of Asia and Africa since 1950s. He then went on to explain the transformations that have taken place in the world order since the fall of the Berlin Wall. According to the speaker, the three major events that have transformed the world are the emergence of new institutions like the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank, the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Sun Alliance; and Intensifying Coalitions within the Southern countries which have led to increase in the intra-South trade and strategic cooperation with the North. Monitoring and Evaluation: Prof. Milindo Chakarabarti, Visiting Fellow, RIS Prof. Milindo Chakrabarti started the lecture by giving a brief insight at the state of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) of the world. He then explained that underdevelopment in these countries is a result of coordinationfailure.Healsosuggestedthepossibleremedialmeasures with special emphasis on the role of development cooperation in reducing the coordination failure. The speaker also explained that external monitoring is a requirement in North-South Cooperation (NSC) as it is necessary to ensure conditionalities imposed while external monitoring is not required for SSC as it is based on demand driven approach. He ended his lecture by cautioning that financial audit and development evaluation should not be used synonymously as both are not one and the same.
  • 11. Theme IV Peace, Security, Culture, Institution Building and Multi-stakeholder Analysis Prof. Anuradha Chenoy Chairperson FIDC and Dean, School of International Studies, JNU Dr. S. Y. Quraishi Former Election Commissioner of India Cmdr. Uday Bhaskar Director, Society for Policy Studies Peace, Security and Development: Cmdr. Uday Bhaskar, Director, Society for Policy Studies Cmdr. Bhaskar invoked the historical text of Arthshastra at the start of his lecture and connected Indias glorious past with its challenging present with respect to the security issues and foreign policy. The speaker also explained the economic and military hexagons (H1 and H2) comprising major countries and important groupings. He ended his lecture by discussing the menace of terrorism and the issue of refugees across Europe. PeaceKeepingOperationsandSSC:Prof.AnuradhaChenoy, Chairperson FIDC and Dean, School of International Studies, JNU Prof. Chenoy started her lecture by explaining that peace operations have become more expensive, more complex and more dangerous as the definitional nature of different peace operations have expanded. The speaker then talked about the role of Southern countries in providing the largest contingent of UN peacekeeping forces in the world. The speaker explained the concept of DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration in detail. The lecture ended with a discussion on transitional justice and reconciliation mission under the auspices of the UN. Struggling Democracies Need for SSC: Dr. S. Y. Quraishi, Former Election Commissioner of India Dr. S. Y. Quraishi started his lecture by giving a broad overview of the Indian elections with special emphasis on 2014 Lok Sabha elections which were the largest election in the world history. The complexities associated with holding such a massive election were also discussed. In the second part of his lecture he elaborated on the importance of democracy in the context of South Asia as it houses 60 per cent of the worlds democracy and 30 per cent of the worlds population. Conducting of elections in the backdrop of the constitutional issues and issues of religious minorities; ethnic issues; women issues; and human rights and civil liberties across the region was elaborated by the speaker. He ended his lecture by explaining the electoral management and recommendations for strengthening the election process.
  • 12. Multi-Stakeholder Approach of SSC: Mr. T. K. Arun, Editor, The Economic Times Mr. T. K. Arun started his lecture by explaining the usefulness of interdependence between the North and the South and gave various examples to substantiate his claims. Some examples were the technologies developed in the North that are being brought to reality in the developing world. The Maglev developed in Germany is being realised in China. Meningitis drugs developed in the North are being used to treat people in Africa. This interdependence, according to him, is very useful. The speaker felt that the developing countries must cooperate among themselves to leverage the norms in their favour. He also talked about how export-led growth through commodity boom is not sustainable in nature by giving the example of Brazil, whose economy has slowed down because China has reduced the imports from Brazil. According to the speaker, the biggest cooperation in SSC waiting to happen in the world is in the field of finances and the change has started to happen with the emergence of new financial institutions like AIIB and NDB. He ended his address by explaining how re-imagining cultural and economic contours are very important especially for the countries who have undergone colonialism. Cultural linkages and SSC: Ambassador Suresh Goel, Former Director General, Indian Council for Cultural Relations Ambassador Goel started his lecture by commenting that SSC is all about finding a common ground in the developing world in different fields and the cultural connections are the tangible ways through which SSC takes place. He, however, mentioned that there are intangibles ways too, through which SSC takes place and it must be leveraged for Indias development. He candidly said that culture as a concept is difficult to explain and it is about different identities. He gave different examples of cultural linkages between India and its neighbours. He said that Silk Route-One Belt, One Road initiative is not purely a Chinese initiative. Back in the days, India, China and Central Asia were connected through this route. The speaker then went on to explain how people must be positioned before the conceptualisation and enactment of any policy. Encouraging the youths of different countries for knowing about different parts of the world helps them in broadening the horizons, and it must happen at an early age when the individual is bereft of any prejudices. He ended his lecture by explaining how going beyond the philosophical aspects of culture one can see economic push in this field. The point was substantiated through the example of music and theatre groups of different countries coming together and touring the world. Amb. Suresh Goel Former Director General, Indian Council for Cultural Relations Mr. TK Arun Editor, The Economic Times
  • 13. Role of CSOs and SSC: Mr. Amitabh Behar, Executive Director, National Foundation for India Mr. Amitabh Behar started his lecture by explaining the different types of Indian CSOs based on their mode of service delivery. The types mentioned by him were public service contractors; groups working in partnerships with the state governments; part-partnership and part-opposition; and part-opposition and part-negotiations. The speaker also discussed the challenges faced by the CSOs in their activities. The restrictive regime and imposition of clauses severely hampers the cross-border workings of the CSOs. However, the Indian government allowed the Indian CSOs to carry out relief operations in the recent Nepal earthquakes. He mentioned that the Southern CSOs interact with each other through the global North and this problem can be addressed only through availability of more resources at the disposal of the CSOs. He ended his lecture by explaining how CSOs are vital for the fulfilment of the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Mr. Amitabh Behar Executive Director, National Foundation for India Theme V Role of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs)
  • 14. Theoretical Conception of SSC: Prof. S. K Mohanty, RIS Prof. Mohanty started his lecture by explaining that development aid has been flowing from both developed and developing world. He further added that North has always believed that a country can develop only if it has macroeconomic stability. This is dubbed as the monetarist perspective of growth. The speaker then explained that countries in Latin America and Asia grew despite having macroeconomic stability and this according to him is the structuralist perspective of growth. Monetarist approach inflation is the key to macroeconomic stability as monetarists believe that inflation is of monetary origins. The mission approach is an alternative to monetary approach based on framework approach to development cooperation. According to this framework, inflation, money supply, foreign exchange problems, rational inflationary expectation, etc., are the monetary issues. Structuralist Approach - Growth with macroeconomic instability. Inflation is structural in nature and is built in these economies. The speaker then commented that going by the middle path approach, neither the monetarist nor structuralist approach could be appropriate for comprehensive global development cooperation. The lecture ended with the discussion on the Indias Mission Approach to development cooperation and dispensation of the development cooperation projects through the Development Compact. Theme VI Theoretical Framework of SSC Prof. S.K. Mohanty RIS Prof. B.B. Bhattacharya Former Vice-Chancellor Jawaharlal Nehru University Professor B. B. Bhattacharya, a reputed economist, discussed the evolution of global institutional framework of South-South Cooperation. He explained how a divide was created between rich and poor countries after World War II and institutions such World Bank and IMF came into being. Institutions like GATT and UNCTAD were also formed but Southern countries grew suspicious of GATT and UNCTAD became a debating platform for the world. But the southern countries lacked funds and, therefore, the influence at such global platforms. He also noted that after the oil price shocks during 1990s, the influence of developing countries increased due to their high growth rates and development and GATT was reformed as WTO. There have been shifts of power at global platforms due to increased economic activities of Southern countries and low growth rates of the North. Also, there have been success stories of pragmatic approaches amongst developing countries, for instance ASEAN. According to him, what is needed of southern countries now is to have collective efforts amongst themselves in order to discuss economic issues and further shift the global power in favour of them. Valedictory Address
  • 15. Ms. Leticia Mariela Estevez Argentina Ministry of Tourism Mr. Anar Hidayatov Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ms. Leyla Orucova Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Carlos E. Timo Brito Brazil The Pandia Calogeras Institute Ministry of Defense Mr. Joan Antonio Lima Brazil IPEA Mrs. Karen Paola J. Morales Colombia Presidential Agency of International Cooperation Mrs. Diana Marcela P. Cruz Columbia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Imam Abdillah Comoros Ministry of External Relations and Cooperation Mr. Mohamed Ouattara Member of Parliament National Assembly Cote DIvoire Mrs. Mariela A. M. Delgado Cuba Ministry of Foreign Trade and Investment Mr. Yimenu Kassahun Ethiopia Ministry of Water Irrigation and Energy Mr. Kwabena Akuffo Akoto Ghana Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration Mr. Charles Osei Mensah Ghana Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integartion Ms. Rosshanda Bagot Guyana Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mrs. Gulnaz Atabaeva Krygyzstan International Ataturk Alatoo University Mrs. Asel Azhykulova Krygyzstan International Ataturk Alatoo University Mrs. Fathimath Razana Maldives Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Win Ko Myanmar Financial Regulatory Department Attached to Ministry of Finance Ms. Myat Thaw Tar Aye Myanmar International Organizations and Economic Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Vijay Raj Tandukar Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Yogoub Babiker Sudan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Bipin Duwadi Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ms. Ayat Yousif A. Haroun Sudan Council for International Peoples Friendship Mr. Thanasak Saman Thailand Department of South Asian Middle East and African Affairs Mr. Wekri Kerim Togo Ministry of Development Planning and Regional Management Mr. Tchein NGhalkpa Togo Ministry of Planning and Development Ms. Dhokkar Saoussen Tunisia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. James Bichachi Wafula Uganda Ministry of Foreign Affairs LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
  • 16. Core IV B, 4th Floor, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road New Delhi-110003, India, Ph.: 91-11-24682177-80 Fax: 91-11-24682173-74, Email: dgoffice@ris.org.in Website: http://www.ris.org.in Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) is a New Delhi-based autonomous policy research institute that specialises in issues related to international economic development, trade, investment and technology. RIS is envisioned as a forum for fostering effective policy dialogue and capacity-building among developing countries on global and regional economic issues. The focus of the work programme of RIS is to promote South-South Cooperation and collaborate with developing countries in multilateral negotiations in various forums. RIS is engaged across inter-governmental processes of several regional economic cooperation initiatives. Through its intensive network of think tanks, RIS seeks to strengthen policy coherence on international economic issues and the development partnership canvas. For more information about RIS and its work programme, please visit its website: www.ris.org.in RIS A Think-Tank of Developing Countries