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MEN -Lecture 3 _Steam Turbine and Accesories.ppt
- 1. Lecture- 3
- 2. TURBINE Turbine is an engine Turbine is an engine that converts energy of that converts energy of fluid into mechanical fluid into mechanical energy energy The steam turbine is The steam turbine is steam driven rotary steam driven rotary engine. engine.
- 3. Some historical facts The first turbine was made by Hero The first turbine was made by Hero of Alexandria in the second century of Alexandria in the second century In the end of XVIII century the In the end of XVIII century the Industrial Revolution began (in 1770 Industrial Revolution began (in 1770 first reciprocating piston steam first reciprocating piston steam engine invented by Thomas engine invented by Thomas Newcomen and invented by James Newcomen and invented by James Watt started its work) Watt started its work) The first steam turbines were The first steam turbines were constructed in 1883 by Dr Gustaf de constructed in 1883 by Dr Gustaf de Laval and in 1884 by sir Charles Laval and in 1884 by sir Charles Parsons Parsons In1896 Charles Curtis received a In1896 Charles Curtis received a patent on impulse turbine patent on impulse turbine In 1910 was created radial turbine In 1910 was created radial turbine (Ljungstr (Ljungstr旦 旦m) m)
- 4. Construction of steam turbines 1 steam pipeline 1 steam pipeline 2 inlet control valve 2 inlet control valve 3 nozzle chamber 3 nozzle chamber 4 nozzle-box 4 nozzle-box 5 outlet 5 outlet 6 stator 6 stator 7 blade carrier 7 blade carrier 8 casing 8 casing 9 rotor disc 9 rotor disc 10 rotor 10 rotor 11 journal bearing 11 journal bearing 13 thrust bearing 13 thrust bearing 14 generator rotor 14 generator rotor 15 coupling 15 coupling 16 labyrinth packing 16 labyrinth packing 19 steam bleeding (extraction) 19 steam bleeding (extraction) 21 bearing pedestal 21 bearing pedestal 22 safety governor 22 safety governor 23 main oil pump 23 main oil pump 24 centrifugal governor 24 centrifugal governor 25 turning gear 25 turning gear 29 control stage impulse blading 29 control stage impulse blading
- 5. Construction of steam turbines
- 6. Construction of steam turbines Construction of steam turbines
- 7. How does the steam turbine work? Impulse stage whole Impulse stage whole pressure drop in nozzle pressure drop in nozzle (whole enthalpy drop is (whole enthalpy drop is changed into kinetic changed into kinetic energy in the nozzle) energy in the nozzle) Reaction stage pressure Reaction stage pressure drop both in stationary drop both in stationary blades and in rotary blades and in rotary blades (enthalpy drop blades (enthalpy drop changed into kinetic changed into kinetic energy both i energy both in n stationary stationary blades and in the moving blades and in the moving blades in rotor) blades in rotor)
- 8. Classification of steam turbines a) way of energy a) way of energy conversion conversion - impulse turbines - impulse turbines - reaction turbines - reaction turbines
- 9. Classification of steam turbines b) flow direction b) flow direction - axial - axial - radial - radial c) number of c) number of stages stages - single stage - single stage - multi-stage - multi-stage
- 10. Classification of steam turbines d) rotational speed d) rotational speed - regular - regular - low-speed - low-speed - high-speed - high-speed e) inlet steam pressure e) inlet steam pressure - high pressure (p>6,5MPa) - high pressure (p>6,5MPa) - intermediate - intermediate pressure(2,5MPa pressure(2,5MPa <p<6,5MPa) <p<6,5MPa) - low-pressure - low-pressure (p<2,5MPa) (p<2,5MPa)
- 11. Classification of steam turbines f) way of energy f) way of energy utilisation utilisation - condensing - condensing - extraction - extraction - back-pressure - back-pressure
- 12. Classification of steam turbines g) application g) application - power - power station station - industrial - industrial - transport - transport
- 13. Advantages of turbines Large power achieved by relatively small size Large power achieved by relatively small size High efficiency High efficiency Simple design Simple design High revolution High revolution
- 15. so we need experts
- 16. Bibliography Die neuzeitliche Dampfturbine E. A. Kraft Die neuzeitliche Dampfturbine E. A. Kraft Maszynoznawstwo J. Kijewski, A. Miller, K. Pawlicki, T. Maszynoznawstwo J. Kijewski, A. Miller, K. Pawlicki, T. Szolc Szolc http://www.elektrownie.com.pl/ http://www.elektrownie.com.pl/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbine http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/parsons/ http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/parsons/ index.html index.html http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/RANKINE.HTM http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/RANKINE.HTM http://books.google.com/books? http://books.google.com/books? id=QE1RCR4LfyQC&hl=pl id=QE1RCR4LfyQC&hl=pl