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Introduction to AVR Microcontroller

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Mahmoud Sadat

This document provides an introduction to AVR microcontrollers. It discusses the history of microcontrollers beginning in 1971 and components like CPU, ROM, RAM and I/O. AVR microcontrollers were introduced in 1996 and range from 1 to 256KB with 8 to 100 pins. They are cheaper and slower than microprocessors but are useful for specialized applications. The document outlines the AVR architecture and family as well as development tools and support for AVR microcontrollers.

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Introduction to AVR Microcontrollers Presented By: Mahmoud Sadat Badran
OUTLINE: Microcontroller ? (History ,Components, Advantages, Applications) Hardware VS. Software Microcontroller Vs. Microprocessor. Major market players. AVR Microcontroller. References.
Microcontroller ? A microcontroller is a single chip, self-contained computer.
History. 1. 1971 Texas Instrument calculator-on-a-chip TMS 1000, which was a 4-bit microcontroller with built-in ROM and RAM. 2. 1976 Intel 8048 was one of Intel's first microcontrollers. 3. 1980 Intel 8051 followed in and became one of the most popular microcontroller families. 4. 1996 Atmel AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage.
Components. A Microcontroller has seven main components: 1-Central processing unit (CPU) 2-ROM 3-RAM 4-Input and Output 5-Timer 6-Interrupt circuitry 7-Buses 8-Oscillatory circuits
Advantages. 1. Cheap. 2. Very small in size. 3. Programming of Microcontrollers is simple to learn (c language or Assembly). 4. Ability to simulate project before implementation.
Applications. 1.Mobile Phones. 2.Auto-motive industry. 3.CD/DVD Players. 4.Washing Machines. 5.Cameras. 6.Modems and Routers. 7.Security Alarms. 8.Electronic Measurement. 9.Microwave Oven. Etc.
Hardware VS. Software Hardware Software # Hardware Software Design Cost High Medium Speed High Medium Modifications Hard Easy Maintainability Hard Easy Time to market Long short Cost High Low
Microcontroller Vs. Microprocessor # Micro-controller Micro-processor Cost Cheap Expensive Speed Slow (in MHz Range) Fast (in GHz Range) Purpose Special General Dependency Single Chip has almost all components Need external components to be able to interact. Resources Limited Unlimited
Major market 1p. lTaeyxeasr sInstruments. 2. Atmel Corporation. 3. Microchip. 4. Renesas Technology Corp. 5. Intel Corporation. 6. STMicroelectronics. 7. Freescale Semiconductor.
AVR Microcontroller The AVR architecture was conceived by two students at the Norwegian Institute of Technology Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan Devices range from 1 to 256KB Pin count range from 8 to 100 Full code compatibility Pin/feature compatible families
AVR Family TINY AVR family 8 -32 pin 16 family members MEGA AVR family 32 -100 pin 23 family members XMEGA AVR family 32 -100 pin Application-specific AVRs USB, CAN and LCD Motor Control and Lighting Automotive Battery Management 8 family members
AVR Architecture RISC modified Harvard architecture Powerful instruction set for C and Assembly Scalable Same powerful AVR core in all devices Single cycle execution One instruction per external clock Low power consumption 32 Working Registers All Directly connected to ALU! Very efficient core 20 MIPS @ 20MHz High System Level Integration Lowest total system cost
AVR Architecture
Single-Chip Solution
Code Size and Execution Time
Real-life Applications 1. Complete navigation application 2. Car Radio control 3. DES encryption / decryption 4. Reed-Solomon (error correction) encoder/decoder. 5. Pager protocol 6. Refrigerator control 7. Battery charger 8. Embedded web server 9. Label/recite printer
Development Tools AVR Studio -front end for all AVR tools Win AVR Code Vision (Evaluation version with limited code size) Free Starter kits and evaluation boards From $19 On-Chip Debuggers and Emulators From $299
Support Fully updated product web Highly skilled Field Application Engineers Support mail handled by AVR experts Reference designs Application notes AVRfreaks community website
References : 1. http://mathcs.slu.edu/~fritts/CSCI305_306_F08/AVR/AVR%20Introduction.pdf 2. http://www.circuitstoday.com/microcontroller-invention-history 3. http://www.atmel.com/products/microcontrollers/avr/ 4. http://www.circuitstoday.com/basics-of-microcontrollers

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Introduction to AVR Microcontroller

  • 1. Introduction to AVR Microcontrollers Presented By: Mahmoud Sadat Badran
  • 2. OUTLINE: Microcontroller ? (History ,Components, Advantages, Applications) Hardware VS. Software Microcontroller Vs. Microprocessor. Major market players. AVR Microcontroller. References.
  • 3. Microcontroller ? A microcontroller is a single chip, self-contained computer.
  • 4. History. 1. 1971 Texas Instrument calculator-on-a-chip TMS 1000, which was a 4-bit microcontroller with built-in ROM and RAM. 2. 1976 Intel 8048 was one of Intel's first microcontrollers. 3. 1980 Intel 8051 followed in and became one of the most popular microcontroller families. 4. 1996 Atmel AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage.
  • 5. Components. A Microcontroller has seven main components: 1-Central processing unit (CPU) 2-ROM 3-RAM 4-Input and Output 5-Timer 6-Interrupt circuitry 7-Buses 8-Oscillatory circuits
  • 6. Advantages. 1. Cheap. 2. Very small in size. 3. Programming of Microcontrollers is simple to learn (c language or Assembly). 4. Ability to simulate project before implementation.
  • 7. Applications. 1.Mobile Phones. 2.Auto-motive industry. 3.CD/DVD Players. 4.Washing Machines. 5.Cameras. 6.Modems and Routers. 7.Security Alarms. 8.Electronic Measurement. 9.Microwave Oven. Etc.
  • 8. Hardware VS. Software Hardware Software # Hardware Software Design Cost High Medium Speed High Medium Modifications Hard Easy Maintainability Hard Easy Time to market Long short Cost High Low
  • 9. Microcontroller Vs. Microprocessor # Micro-controller Micro-processor Cost Cheap Expensive Speed Slow (in MHz Range) Fast (in GHz Range) Purpose Special General Dependency Single Chip has almost all components Need external components to be able to interact. Resources Limited Unlimited
  • 10. Major market 1p. lTaeyxeasr sInstruments. 2. Atmel Corporation. 3. Microchip. 4. Renesas Technology Corp. 5. Intel Corporation. 6. STMicroelectronics. 7. Freescale Semiconductor.
  • 11. AVR Microcontroller The AVR architecture was conceived by two students at the Norwegian Institute of Technology Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan Devices range from 1 to 256KB Pin count range from 8 to 100 Full code compatibility Pin/feature compatible families
  • 12. AVR Family TINY AVR family 8 -32 pin 16 family members MEGA AVR family 32 -100 pin 23 family members XMEGA AVR family 32 -100 pin Application-specific AVRs USB, CAN and LCD Motor Control and Lighting Automotive Battery Management 8 family members
  • 13. AVR Architecture RISC modified Harvard architecture Powerful instruction set for C and Assembly Scalable Same powerful AVR core in all devices Single cycle execution One instruction per external clock Low power consumption 32 Working Registers All Directly connected to ALU! Very efficient core 20 MIPS @ 20MHz High System Level Integration Lowest total system cost
  • 16. Code Size and Execution Time
  • 17. Real-life Applications 1. Complete navigation application 2. Car Radio control 3. DES encryption / decryption 4. Reed-Solomon (error correction) encoder/decoder. 5. Pager protocol 6. Refrigerator control 7. Battery charger 8. Embedded web server 9. Label/recite printer
  • 18. Development Tools AVR Studio -front end for all AVR tools Win AVR Code Vision (Evaluation version with limited code size) Free Starter kits and evaluation boards From $19 On-Chip Debuggers and Emulators From $299
  • 19. Support Fully updated product web Highly skilled Field Application Engineers Support mail handled by AVR experts Reference designs Application notes AVRfreaks community website
  • 20. References : 1. http://mathcs.slu.edu/~fritts/CSCI305_306_F08/AVR/AVR%20Introduction.pdf 2. http://www.circuitstoday.com/microcontroller-invention-history 3. http://www.atmel.com/products/microcontrollers/avr/ 4. http://www.circuitstoday.com/basics-of-microcontrollers