Mimetic criticism, Expressive criticism and Three unities
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Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
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CSSH
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This document provides an overview of several key themes and movements in contemporary world literature from the post-World War II era to today. It discusses periods of resistance and rebellion in the late 1960s, the effects of globalization and increased migration, epidemics like AIDS, the gay rights movement beginning with the Stonewall uprising, the growth of feminist activism and thought, characteristics of contemporary literature, diverse voices from different cultures and experiences, magical realism, and postmodernism. The document aims to give the reader a sense of some of the major social, political and cultural influences that have shaped world literatures in recent decades.Comparative Literature Week 1.ppt
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This document provides an overview of comparative literature as a discipline. It discusses several key points:
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2. There are various definitions of comparative literature provided, including that it is the study of literature without borders, and the comparison of one literature with another and with other human experiences.
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油
The poem "Manggagawa" by Jose Corazon de Jesus depicts the disparity between the wealthy bourgeoisie and the lower class proletariat in a capitalist society through vivid descriptions of the hard labor of workers and the luxuries enjoyed by the rich. It highlights the oppression and control the bourgeoisie have over wealth production as well as the government, reflecting Marx's theories. In the end, the poem calls loudly for equality and due recognition of the working class's contributions to society and the nation's progress.Literary criticism
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The document discusses Reader Response Theory, which focuses on the reader's experience and role in constructing meaning from a text. Some key points:
1) According to Reader Response Theory, meaning is created through the interaction between the reader and the text, not inherent in the text itself.
2) Readers are active participants who bring their own experiences and perspectives, rather than passively receiving meaning from texts.
3) Louise Rosenblatt influentially proposed that readers have both efferent responses, focused on extracting information, and aesthetic responses, focused on lived experience.Vakrokti as a Theory : Criticism & Indian aesthetic
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油
Vakrokti is a theory of Sanskrit poetics developed by Kuntaka that describes the essence of poetry as a "strikingness of expression". According to Kuntaka, vakrokti is the source of beauty in poetry and manifests through six levels including the phonetic, lexical, grammatical, sentential, contextual, and compositional. Kuntaka believes beautiful and miraculous aspects of poetry result from vakrokti, which he defines as an expression that is opposite to a literal description. Vakrokti must delight readers and contribute to their aesthetic enjoyment for a work to be considered poetry.Expressive theory
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油
This document outlines the expressive theory of poetry, which defines poetry as an expression or utterance of feelings. It notes that M.H. Abrams and John Stuart Mill discussed this theory. The theory states that poetry should purely express feelings through spontaneous overflow. A poem should convey the state of mind about an object rather than just describing the object itself. Famous works that exemplify this theory include collections by William Wordsworth.Literary criticism powerpoint
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油
This document provides an overview of 5 major types of literary criticism: formalism, reader response, archetypal, feminist, and Marxist criticism. It describes the key concepts and approaches of each type of criticism, provides examples of the types of questions critics using each approach may ask, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.New criticism
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油
- New Criticism emerged in the 1940s-1960s as a reaction against biographical and historical criticism that focused on external context like an author's life.
- New Critics examined only what was in the text itself using close reading of elements like metaphor, irony, tension and ambiguity to interpret a work's true meaning.
- They believed the text should be treated as a self-contained object and that meaning comes from analyzing linguistic devices rather than the author's intent or a reader's subjective response.The modern novel
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油
The document discusses the history and development of the modern novel. It begins by defining the novel and its distinguishing length from other forms. It then outlines some antecedents and traces the origins of the modern novel to 18th century Britain. Major developments included the romantic novel of the early 19th century and the realism of Victorian novels. Characteristics of the modern novel include subjectivity, psychological exploration, stream of consciousness techniques, and a reflection of 20th century disillusionment. Some key modern novelists mentioned are Thomas Hardy, D.H. Lawrence, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf.Aristotle's concept of tragedy
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油
This document summarizes Aristotle's concept of tragedy based on his definition and analysis of its key elements. The most important elements are plot, character, and hamartia (tragic flaw). A good plot involves a change in fortune from happiness to misery for a protagonist who is neither perfectly good nor bad. It also includes a peripety (reversal) or discovery. The plot aims to arouse emotions of pity and fear in the audience through the hero's downfall, culminating in a catharsis or release of these emotions. Character and hamartia relate to creating a believable yet imperfect hero. Other elements like language, spectacle, and thought/diction are less crucial but should still be done well.Reader response theory
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油
- Reader-response theory proposes that the meaning of a text is derived from the reader's interaction with it rather than being inherent in the text itself or determined by the author.
- Key aspects of reader-response theory include the implied reader, implied author, competent reader, and phenomenological approach which sees meaning as generated in the reading process through interaction between text and reader.
- There are three main types of reader-response theory: transactional, which sees a transaction between text and reader; subjective, which sees the reader's interpretations as creating the text; and psychological, which applies psychoanalytic concepts to the reading process.Definition of Literature for Fundamentals of Literature
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Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
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This document provides an overview of five types of cultural studies: New Historicism, Postmodernism and Popular Culture, and Postcolonial Studies. It defines each approach and provides some key details about each. New Historicism examines cultural works within their historical context and aims to understand history through literature. Postmodernism departs from modernism in arts and includes concepts like deconstruction. Popular culture refers to everyday cultural phenomena and can be analyzed through production, textual, audience, and historical lenses. Postcolonial studies analyzes the legacies of colonialism and imperialism, referring to the period when former colonies gained independence. It discusses scholars like Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Franz Fanon who have contributed topaper no-8 cultural study "new historicism 
paper no-8 cultural study "new historicism jinalparmar
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This document provides an overview of five types of cultural studies: New Historicism, Postmodernism and Popular Culture, and Postcolonial Studies. It defines each approach and provides some key details about each. New Historicism examines cultural works within their historical context and aims to understand history through literature. Postmodernism departs from modernism in arts and includes concepts like deconstruction. Popular culture refers to everyday cultural phenomena and can be analyzed through production, textual, audience, and historical lenses. Postcolonial studies analyzes the legacies of colonialism and imperialism, referring to the period when former colonies gained independence. It discusses thinkers like Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Franzpaper no-7 literary theory and criticism "chemical reaction denationalization...
paper no-7 literary theory and criticism "chemical reaction denationalization...jinalparmar
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This document summarizes T.S. Eliot's essay "Tradition and Individual Talent". It discusses:
1) The essay has three parts - the concept of tradition, the theory of depersonalization, and a concluding summation.
2) Depersonalization means things that are not personal or impersonal. Eliot argues that criticism should be directed at the poetry, not the poet, through a process of depersonalization where the poet surrenders their personality.
3) Eliot uses the analogy of a chemical reaction involving platinum to define the creative process, where the poet's mind acts as a catalyst, combining impressions without being changed itself in the final work.paper no-6 The Victorian Age "criminal justice system presented in Oliver twist"
paper no-6 The Victorian Age "criminal justice system presented in Oliver twist"jinalparmar
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The document summarizes how Charles Dickens portrayed the criminal justice system in his novel Oliver Twist. It discusses how the novel focused on issues of child labor and cruel treatment of orphans. It describes key characters like Oliver Twist, Fagin, and the Artful Dodger. It also summarizes how the novel showed bias and injustice in the legal system of Victorian London and critiqued the concept of retributive justice. The criminal justice system is portrayed through Oliver's experience in the workhouse and later being sold into slavery.paper no-5 The romantic literature "Gender stereotypes in sense and sensibility 
paper no-5 The romantic literature "Gender stereotypes in sense and sensibility jinalparmar
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This document summarizes a paper on gender stereotypes in Jane Austen's novel Sense and Sensibility. It provides background on Austen and an overview of the novel, focusing on the main female characters Elinor and Marianne Dashwood. It then analyzes how Austen presented the patriarchal gender conceptions of her society through fictional reconstructions, with Elinor exhibiting traditionally masculine virtues and Edward feminine ones. The document examines how the novel dealt with some of the gender issues of Austen's time through the characters and their behaviors.Metaphysical poem "The Dream"by John Donne
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This document is a paper analyzing John Donne's metaphysical poem "The Dream". It was written by Parmar Jinal B. for a Renaissance Literature class. The paper discusses Donne's use of metaphysical elements like far-fetched images and conceits in the poem. It analyzes specific lines where Donne uses conceits comparing the beloved to lightning and a torch, and comments on the metaphysical style of the poem.Gulliver's Travels as a satire
Gulliver's Travels as a satirejinalparmar
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This document provides an overview and analysis of Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels as a satire. It begins with biographical information on Swift as an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer, and poet. It then defines satire and identifies two types: comic and corrosive. The document analyzes Gulliver's four voyages as social satires, with the first to Lilliput satirizing politics, the second to Brobdingnag satirizing the human body, the third to Laputa satirizing human intellect, and the fourth to the Land of Houyhnhnms satirizing human moral shortcomings. Key exToru Dutt as a poet
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Toru Dutt was the first Indian poetess to write in English. She is considered an important Indo-Anglian poet and translator. Some of her most famous poems included The Lotus, Savitri, and Our Casuarina Tree. The Lotus presented the idea that the Indian lotus is the most beautiful flower. Savitri retold the immortal legend from the Mahabharata of Satyavan's death and his wife Savitri succeeding in getting his soul back from Yama, the god of death. Our Casuarina Tree was an autobiographical poem about memories of playing under a tree with her siblings who had since passed away.Recently uploaded (20)
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Principles of statics. Forces and their effects. Types of force systems. Resultant of concurrent and
parallel forces. Lamis theorem. Principle of moments. Varignons theorem. Principle of equilibrium.
Types of supports and reactions-Bending moment and Shear forces-Determination of reactions for
simply supported beams. Relation between bending moment and shear force.
Properties of section Centre of gravity, Moment of Inertia, Section modulus, Radius of gyration
for various structural shapes. Theorem of perpendicular axis. Theorem of parallel axis.
Elastic properties of solids. Concept of stress and strain. Deformation of axially loaded simple bars.
Types of stresses. Concept of axial and volumetric stresses and strains. Elastic constants. Elastic
Modulus. Shear Modulus. Bulk Modulus. Poissons ratio. Relation between elastic constants.
Principal stresses and strain. Numerical and Graphical method. Mohrs diagram.
R.K. Bansal, A Text book on Engineering Mechanics, Lakshmi Publications, Delhi,2008.
R.K. Bansal, A textbook on Strength of Materials, Lakshmi Publications, Delhi 2010.
Paul W. McMullin, 'Jonathan S. Price, Introduction to Structures, Routledge, 2016.
P.C. Punmia, Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures; Vol. I, Lakshmi
Publications, Delhi 2018.
2. S. Ramamrutham, Strength of Materials, Dhanpatrai and Sons, Delhi, 2014.
3. W.A. Nash, Strength of Materials, Schaums Series, McGraw Hill Book Company,1989.
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