ºÝºÝߣ

ºÝºÝߣShare a Scribd company logo
Mirrors, Nerves & Getting to know youwhat monkeys¡¯ brains tell us about communicationKeith NormanOccupational Therapy Student
Love¡®Love one another...	as I have loved you.¡¯	Jesus of Nazareth¡®Love is not the product of thought¡¯JidduKrishnamurtiI'll be your dream?I'll be your wish?I'll be your fantasy.?I'll be your hope?I'll be your love?Be everything that you need	Savage Garden
The Art of LovingEvidence-based and outcome-oriented practice often overlook the importance of caring in professional relationshipsUnconditional love is vital to the development of the individualAcceptance (unconditional positive regard), empathy and genuineness (Rogers)Communication of empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard nurtures self-healing(Stickley and Freshwater 2002)
Unconditional love?
Love by another name?Stern (1985) Empathic AttunementWinnicott (1965) HoldingBion (1963) Container/containedPines (1982) Mirroring
Reflections on MirroringMirrorMirroringImmediate/fleetingOne-wayExactUnbiasedFlat/two-dimensionalDelayed/enduringTwo-wayAn imitationColoured by thoughts, judgements and pre-conditioningLayered, complex, multi-textured
Monkey Brains
Action and observation(Rizzolattihttp://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/589463_2)
Mirror NeuronsIndividual neurons fire when an action is performed and when it is observed or heardIn macaques inferior frontal gyrus (region F5) and the inferior parietal lobuleIn humans inferior frontal cortex (close to Broca¡¯s area) and superior parietal lobeAllow humans to understand others actions, but also emotionsPeople who have high activity in brain regions associated with mirror neurons also score highly on empathy questionaires
Mirrors nerves and monkey brains
Mirrors nerves and monkey brains
Mirrors nerves and monkey brains
Mirrors nerves and monkey brains
Mirrors nerves and monkey brains
Mirrors nerves and monkey brains
Mirrors nerves and monkey brains
Importance of mirror neurons?Allow others¡¯ actions and intentions to be automatically understood/intuitedAllow others actions and intentions to be automatically and appropriately responded toWorks via insula with limbic system to allow understanding of others¡¯ emotional state
Mirror Neurons and Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)Abnormal function of mirror neurons (pars opercularis) during action observation and imitationNo activity in pars opercularis during facial expression recognitionLower activity in limbic (emotional) system during facial expression recognitionChildren with ASD able to imitate and name facial expressions do so using different neural strategies(Dapretto et al 2005)
Consequences of mirror neuron deficit in ASDLoss of a potential bridge between mindsCritical for intersubjective understanding, attention sharing and social survivalImitation is critical for early development and learning (motor, language, behaviour)Loss of imaginative abilityBehaviour restricted, repetitive & stereotyped(Williams et al, 2001)
Conflicting theories of mind¡®Theory theory¡¯Logical process basedObserve others behavioursTheorize regarding mental/emotional statePredict behaviour and plan response¡®Simulation theory¡¯Intuition basedPut self in other¡¯s shoesSimulate mental processes operating in otherAct in concert with other
¡®Theory theory¡¯Logical process basedObserve others behavioursTheorize regarding mental/emotional statePredict behaviour and plan response¡®Simulation theory¡¯Intuition basedPut self in other¡¯s shoesSimulate mental processes operating in otherAct in concert with other
True or False?
So what can we do differently now we know about mirror neurons?Find out more about themTrust in them (they give us lots of useful information)Be honest and genuine (the other person will know we¡¯re faking, even if they don¡¯t know that they know)Forgive others when they don¡¯t seem to understand us (their mirror neurons might be broken)
Has any of this got anything to do with spinal injury?
Thanks ¨C It¡¯s been amazing

More Related Content

Similar to Mirrors nerves and monkey brains (20)

Gardners multiple intelligence theory
Gardners multiple intelligence theory Gardners multiple intelligence theory
Gardners multiple intelligence theory
DEVIKA JITHIN
?
Mark Thorpe, The Therapeutic Relationship In High Functioning Adult Narcissis...
Mark Thorpe, The Therapeutic Relationship In High Functioning Adult Narcissis...Mark Thorpe, The Therapeutic Relationship In High Functioning Adult Narcissis...
Mark Thorpe, The Therapeutic Relationship In High Functioning Adult Narcissis...
guestf8acfe0
?
Mental State Examination
Mental State ExaminationMental State Examination
Mental State Examination
Meril Manuel
?
Discover Your Inborn Talent - Scientifically
Discover Your Inborn Talent - ScientificallyDiscover Your Inborn Talent - Scientifically
Discover Your Inborn Talent - Scientifically
Jasmeet Singh
?
Mitchell Risdon Narrative 228616
Mitchell Risdon Narrative 228616Mitchell Risdon Narrative 228616
Mitchell Risdon Narrative 228616
Mitch Risdon
?
Perceptions
PerceptionsPerceptions
Perceptions
Paper Writing Company Columbus College of Art and Design
?
Daniel Moloznik Narrative 381917
Daniel Moloznik Narrative 381917Daniel Moloznik Narrative 381917
Daniel Moloznik Narrative 381917
Daniel Moloznik
?
Perception 2
Perception 2Perception 2
Perception 2
eddken
?
2011asperger
2011asperger2011asperger
2011asperger
susan_ritchie
?
Navigating Social Skills Training: Designing a Musical Roadmap for Individual...
Navigating Social Skills Training: Designing a Musical Roadmap for Individual...Navigating Social Skills Training: Designing a Musical Roadmap for Individual...
Navigating Social Skills Training: Designing a Musical Roadmap for Individual...
Mundana Music Therapy
?
Understanding and Growing Your Emotional Intelligence with Darby Fetzer
Understanding and Growing Your Emotional Intelligence with Darby FetzerUnderstanding and Growing Your Emotional Intelligence with Darby Fetzer
Understanding and Growing Your Emotional Intelligence with Darby Fetzer
HPCareer.Net / State of Wellness Inc.
?
MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) (doc. v3)
MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) (doc. v3)MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) (doc. v3)
MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) (doc. v3)
Miriam Ruiz
?
Empathy as a Superpower
Empathy as a SuperpowerEmpathy as a Superpower
Empathy as a Superpower
davestrock
?
Social understanding in autism
Social understanding in autismSocial understanding in autism
Social understanding in autism
MikeBlamires
?
Introduction to nlp teachers
Introduction to nlp   teachersIntroduction to nlp   teachers
Introduction to nlp teachers
Mark Peters
?
Characterisitc Of Asd 09
Characterisitc Of Asd 09Characterisitc Of Asd 09
Characterisitc Of Asd 09
Jennifer Reynolds
?
13 anderson
13 anderson13 anderson
13 anderson
Society for Scholarly Publishing
?
FCEC 2012 Is SPD an ADHD Impersonator?
FCEC 2012 Is SPD an ADHD Impersonator?FCEC 2012 Is SPD an ADHD Impersonator?
FCEC 2012 Is SPD an ADHD Impersonator?
Dr. Danielle Eadens at University of Central Florida
?
SGP 1
SGP 1SGP 1
SGP 1
jmazzi1
?
Current Research on Autism
Current Research on AutismCurrent Research on Autism
Current Research on Autism
Stephanie Egan Symes
?
Gardners multiple intelligence theory
Gardners multiple intelligence theory Gardners multiple intelligence theory
Gardners multiple intelligence theory
DEVIKA JITHIN
?
Mark Thorpe, The Therapeutic Relationship In High Functioning Adult Narcissis...
Mark Thorpe, The Therapeutic Relationship In High Functioning Adult Narcissis...Mark Thorpe, The Therapeutic Relationship In High Functioning Adult Narcissis...
Mark Thorpe, The Therapeutic Relationship In High Functioning Adult Narcissis...
guestf8acfe0
?
Mental State Examination
Mental State ExaminationMental State Examination
Mental State Examination
Meril Manuel
?
Discover Your Inborn Talent - Scientifically
Discover Your Inborn Talent - ScientificallyDiscover Your Inborn Talent - Scientifically
Discover Your Inborn Talent - Scientifically
Jasmeet Singh
?
Mitchell Risdon Narrative 228616
Mitchell Risdon Narrative 228616Mitchell Risdon Narrative 228616
Mitchell Risdon Narrative 228616
Mitch Risdon
?
Daniel Moloznik Narrative 381917
Daniel Moloznik Narrative 381917Daniel Moloznik Narrative 381917
Daniel Moloznik Narrative 381917
Daniel Moloznik
?
Perception 2
Perception 2Perception 2
Perception 2
eddken
?
Navigating Social Skills Training: Designing a Musical Roadmap for Individual...
Navigating Social Skills Training: Designing a Musical Roadmap for Individual...Navigating Social Skills Training: Designing a Musical Roadmap for Individual...
Navigating Social Skills Training: Designing a Musical Roadmap for Individual...
Mundana Music Therapy
?
Understanding and Growing Your Emotional Intelligence with Darby Fetzer
Understanding and Growing Your Emotional Intelligence with Darby FetzerUnderstanding and Growing Your Emotional Intelligence with Darby Fetzer
Understanding and Growing Your Emotional Intelligence with Darby Fetzer
HPCareer.Net / State of Wellness Inc.
?
MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) (doc. v3)
MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) (doc. v3)MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) (doc. v3)
MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) (doc. v3)
Miriam Ruiz
?
Empathy as a Superpower
Empathy as a SuperpowerEmpathy as a Superpower
Empathy as a Superpower
davestrock
?
Social understanding in autism
Social understanding in autismSocial understanding in autism
Social understanding in autism
MikeBlamires
?
Introduction to nlp teachers
Introduction to nlp   teachersIntroduction to nlp   teachers
Introduction to nlp teachers
Mark Peters
?

Recently uploaded (20)

Praise and Worship songs for Christians.pptx
Praise and Worship songs for Christians.pptxPraise and Worship songs for Christians.pptx
Praise and Worship songs for Christians.pptx
ISAACWABBI1
?
Japanese Anti-Pornography and Masturbation Warning Tract.pdf
Japanese Anti-Pornography and Masturbation Warning Tract.pdfJapanese Anti-Pornography and Masturbation Warning Tract.pdf
Japanese Anti-Pornography and Masturbation Warning Tract.pdf
Filipino Tracts and Literature Society Inc.
?
Studying Mediumship - Final Part - M. Peralva.pdf
Studying Mediumship - Final Part -  M. Peralva.pdfStudying Mediumship - Final Part -  M. Peralva.pdf
Studying Mediumship - Final Part - M. Peralva.pdf
MashaL38
?
february23,2025: new lively worship songs
february23,2025: new lively worship songsfebruary23,2025: new lively worship songs
february23,2025: new lively worship songs
matildabayan1
?
Trusting God for Victory in Life's Struggles
Trusting God for Victory in Life's StrugglesTrusting God for Victory in Life's Struggles
Trusting God for Victory in Life's Struggles
TImothy leonard
?
Burmese Myanmar - The New Testament (????????????).pdf
Burmese Myanmar - The New Testament (????????????).pdfBurmese Myanmar - The New Testament (????????????).pdf
Burmese Myanmar - The New Testament (????????????).pdf
Filipino Tracts and Literature Society Inc.
?
NoHo First UMC Good News Newsletter March 2025
NoHo First UMC Good News Newsletter March 2025NoHo First UMC Good News Newsletter March 2025
NoHo First UMC Good News Newsletter March 2025
NoHo FUMC
?
Sabbath School Lesson 9, 1st Quarter 2025.pptx
Sabbath School Lesson 9, 1st Quarter 2025.pptxSabbath School Lesson 9, 1st Quarter 2025.pptx
Sabbath School Lesson 9, 1st Quarter 2025.pptx
DavidSyahputra4
?
BELIEVERS¡¯ LIFE: DAVID AND JONATHAN.pptx
BELIEVERS¡¯ LIFE: DAVID AND JONATHAN.pptxBELIEVERS¡¯ LIFE: DAVID AND JONATHAN.pptx
BELIEVERS¡¯ LIFE: DAVID AND JONATHAN.pptx
AJAYIOlusolaOlajide
?
1 Peter 24-10 Detailed Expository Study guide.
1 Peter 24-10 Detailed Expository Study guide.1 Peter 24-10 Detailed Expository Study guide.
1 Peter 24-10 Detailed Expository Study guide.
ISAACWABBI1
?
Reflection on Great Quotes of CONTENTMENT (English & Chinese).pptx
Reflection on Great Quotes of CONTENTMENT (English & Chinese).pptxReflection on Great Quotes of CONTENTMENT (English & Chinese).pptx
Reflection on Great Quotes of CONTENTMENT (English & Chinese).pptx
OH TEIK BIN
?
Esther 1 1-2 18 Detailed Expository Study guide.
Esther 1 1-2 18 Detailed Expository Study guide.Esther 1 1-2 18 Detailed Expository Study guide.
Esther 1 1-2 18 Detailed Expository Study guide.
ISAACWABBI1
?
Christ Life
Christ LifeChrist Life
Christ Life
Smiling Lungs
?
The Power of the Cross: Part 1 ¡ª A Prophecy
The Power of the Cross: Part 1 ¡ª A ProphecyThe Power of the Cross: Part 1 ¡ª A Prophecy
The Power of the Cross: Part 1 ¡ª A Prophecy
Dave Stewart
?
NOTICE OF INFORMATION JC-DKR-02272025-01 (1).pdf
NOTICE OF INFORMATION JC-DKR-02272025-01 (1).pdfNOTICE OF INFORMATION JC-DKR-02272025-01 (1).pdf
NOTICE OF INFORMATION JC-DKR-02272025-01 (1).pdf
trungvo92
?
Stephen Brislin - PROFIT SHARING CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT (1).pdf
Stephen Brislin - PROFIT SHARING CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT (1).pdfStephen Brislin - PROFIT SHARING CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT (1).pdf
Stephen Brislin - PROFIT SHARING CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT (1).pdf
trungvo92
?
Bulgarian - The New Testament (§¯§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ä).pdf
Bulgarian - The New Testament (§¯§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ä).pdfBulgarian - The New Testament (§¯§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ä).pdf
Bulgarian - The New Testament (§¯§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ä).pdf
Filipino Tracts and Literature Society Inc.
?
Sendero viviente -Autobiograf¨ªa de un iluminado- en INGLES.pdf
Sendero viviente -Autobiograf¨ªa de un iluminado- en INGLES.pdfSendero viviente -Autobiograf¨ªa de un iluminado- en INGLES.pdf
Sendero viviente -Autobiograf¨ªa de un iluminado- en INGLES.pdf
Rafael Reverte P¨¦rez
?
How the Universe Works - Philosophical Idealism.pptx
How the Universe Works - Philosophical Idealism.pptxHow the Universe Works - Philosophical Idealism.pptx
How the Universe Works - Philosophical Idealism.pptx
Sanford Schoolfield
?
Viral: Acts 2.22-36_Peter's Sermon_Part 2.pptx
Viral: Acts 2.22-36_Peter's Sermon_Part 2.pptxViral: Acts 2.22-36_Peter's Sermon_Part 2.pptx
Viral: Acts 2.22-36_Peter's Sermon_Part 2.pptx
Stephen Palm
?
Praise and Worship songs for Christians.pptx
Praise and Worship songs for Christians.pptxPraise and Worship songs for Christians.pptx
Praise and Worship songs for Christians.pptx
ISAACWABBI1
?
Studying Mediumship - Final Part - M. Peralva.pdf
Studying Mediumship - Final Part -  M. Peralva.pdfStudying Mediumship - Final Part -  M. Peralva.pdf
Studying Mediumship - Final Part - M. Peralva.pdf
MashaL38
?
february23,2025: new lively worship songs
february23,2025: new lively worship songsfebruary23,2025: new lively worship songs
february23,2025: new lively worship songs
matildabayan1
?
Trusting God for Victory in Life's Struggles
Trusting God for Victory in Life's StrugglesTrusting God for Victory in Life's Struggles
Trusting God for Victory in Life's Struggles
TImothy leonard
?
NoHo First UMC Good News Newsletter March 2025
NoHo First UMC Good News Newsletter March 2025NoHo First UMC Good News Newsletter March 2025
NoHo First UMC Good News Newsletter March 2025
NoHo FUMC
?
Sabbath School Lesson 9, 1st Quarter 2025.pptx
Sabbath School Lesson 9, 1st Quarter 2025.pptxSabbath School Lesson 9, 1st Quarter 2025.pptx
Sabbath School Lesson 9, 1st Quarter 2025.pptx
DavidSyahputra4
?
BELIEVERS¡¯ LIFE: DAVID AND JONATHAN.pptx
BELIEVERS¡¯ LIFE: DAVID AND JONATHAN.pptxBELIEVERS¡¯ LIFE: DAVID AND JONATHAN.pptx
BELIEVERS¡¯ LIFE: DAVID AND JONATHAN.pptx
AJAYIOlusolaOlajide
?
1 Peter 24-10 Detailed Expository Study guide.
1 Peter 24-10 Detailed Expository Study guide.1 Peter 24-10 Detailed Expository Study guide.
1 Peter 24-10 Detailed Expository Study guide.
ISAACWABBI1
?
Reflection on Great Quotes of CONTENTMENT (English & Chinese).pptx
Reflection on Great Quotes of CONTENTMENT (English & Chinese).pptxReflection on Great Quotes of CONTENTMENT (English & Chinese).pptx
Reflection on Great Quotes of CONTENTMENT (English & Chinese).pptx
OH TEIK BIN
?
Esther 1 1-2 18 Detailed Expository Study guide.
Esther 1 1-2 18 Detailed Expository Study guide.Esther 1 1-2 18 Detailed Expository Study guide.
Esther 1 1-2 18 Detailed Expository Study guide.
ISAACWABBI1
?
The Power of the Cross: Part 1 ¡ª A Prophecy
The Power of the Cross: Part 1 ¡ª A ProphecyThe Power of the Cross: Part 1 ¡ª A Prophecy
The Power of the Cross: Part 1 ¡ª A Prophecy
Dave Stewart
?
NOTICE OF INFORMATION JC-DKR-02272025-01 (1).pdf
NOTICE OF INFORMATION JC-DKR-02272025-01 (1).pdfNOTICE OF INFORMATION JC-DKR-02272025-01 (1).pdf
NOTICE OF INFORMATION JC-DKR-02272025-01 (1).pdf
trungvo92
?
Stephen Brislin - PROFIT SHARING CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT (1).pdf
Stephen Brislin - PROFIT SHARING CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT (1).pdfStephen Brislin - PROFIT SHARING CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT (1).pdf
Stephen Brislin - PROFIT SHARING CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT (1).pdf
trungvo92
?
Sendero viviente -Autobiograf¨ªa de un iluminado- en INGLES.pdf
Sendero viviente -Autobiograf¨ªa de un iluminado- en INGLES.pdfSendero viviente -Autobiograf¨ªa de un iluminado- en INGLES.pdf
Sendero viviente -Autobiograf¨ªa de un iluminado- en INGLES.pdf
Rafael Reverte P¨¦rez
?
How the Universe Works - Philosophical Idealism.pptx
How the Universe Works - Philosophical Idealism.pptxHow the Universe Works - Philosophical Idealism.pptx
How the Universe Works - Philosophical Idealism.pptx
Sanford Schoolfield
?
Viral: Acts 2.22-36_Peter's Sermon_Part 2.pptx
Viral: Acts 2.22-36_Peter's Sermon_Part 2.pptxViral: Acts 2.22-36_Peter's Sermon_Part 2.pptx
Viral: Acts 2.22-36_Peter's Sermon_Part 2.pptx
Stephen Palm
?

Mirrors nerves and monkey brains

  • 1. Mirrors, Nerves & Getting to know youwhat monkeys¡¯ brains tell us about communicationKeith NormanOccupational Therapy Student
  • 2. Love¡®Love one another... as I have loved you.¡¯ Jesus of Nazareth¡®Love is not the product of thought¡¯JidduKrishnamurtiI'll be your dream?I'll be your wish?I'll be your fantasy.?I'll be your hope?I'll be your love?Be everything that you need Savage Garden
  • 3. The Art of LovingEvidence-based and outcome-oriented practice often overlook the importance of caring in professional relationshipsUnconditional love is vital to the development of the individualAcceptance (unconditional positive regard), empathy and genuineness (Rogers)Communication of empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard nurtures self-healing(Stickley and Freshwater 2002)
  • 5. Love by another name?Stern (1985) Empathic AttunementWinnicott (1965) HoldingBion (1963) Container/containedPines (1982) Mirroring
  • 6. Reflections on MirroringMirrorMirroringImmediate/fleetingOne-wayExactUnbiasedFlat/two-dimensionalDelayed/enduringTwo-wayAn imitationColoured by thoughts, judgements and pre-conditioningLayered, complex, multi-textured
  • 9. Mirror NeuronsIndividual neurons fire when an action is performed and when it is observed or heardIn macaques inferior frontal gyrus (region F5) and the inferior parietal lobuleIn humans inferior frontal cortex (close to Broca¡¯s area) and superior parietal lobeAllow humans to understand others actions, but also emotionsPeople who have high activity in brain regions associated with mirror neurons also score highly on empathy questionaires
  • 17. Importance of mirror neurons?Allow others¡¯ actions and intentions to be automatically understood/intuitedAllow others actions and intentions to be automatically and appropriately responded toWorks via insula with limbic system to allow understanding of others¡¯ emotional state
  • 18. Mirror Neurons and Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)Abnormal function of mirror neurons (pars opercularis) during action observation and imitationNo activity in pars opercularis during facial expression recognitionLower activity in limbic (emotional) system during facial expression recognitionChildren with ASD able to imitate and name facial expressions do so using different neural strategies(Dapretto et al 2005)
  • 19. Consequences of mirror neuron deficit in ASDLoss of a potential bridge between mindsCritical for intersubjective understanding, attention sharing and social survivalImitation is critical for early development and learning (motor, language, behaviour)Loss of imaginative abilityBehaviour restricted, repetitive & stereotyped(Williams et al, 2001)
  • 20. Conflicting theories of mind¡®Theory theory¡¯Logical process basedObserve others behavioursTheorize regarding mental/emotional statePredict behaviour and plan response¡®Simulation theory¡¯Intuition basedPut self in other¡¯s shoesSimulate mental processes operating in otherAct in concert with other
  • 21. ¡®Theory theory¡¯Logical process basedObserve others behavioursTheorize regarding mental/emotional statePredict behaviour and plan response¡®Simulation theory¡¯Intuition basedPut self in other¡¯s shoesSimulate mental processes operating in otherAct in concert with other
  • 23. So what can we do differently now we know about mirror neurons?Find out more about themTrust in them (they give us lots of useful information)Be honest and genuine (the other person will know we¡¯re faking, even if they don¡¯t know that they know)Forgive others when they don¡¯t seem to understand us (their mirror neurons might be broken)
  • 24. Has any of this got anything to do with spinal injury?
  • 25. Thanks ¨C It¡¯s been amazing