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Modelling Process Intensive Scenarios for the Smart City

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University of Camerino
University of Camerino

Smart city can be considered as a process-intensive environment that needs to be as flexible as possible to support a continuously evolving scenario. In this paper we present an approach to support flexibility of Business Processes regulating the behavior of ICT systems deployed within a smart city. The approach permits to deal with large collections of process variants thanks to the integration of Business Process notations and Feature Model descriptions. The approach is applied to a smart mobility scenario with a specific focus on bike sharing systems.

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Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Modelling Process Intensive Scenarios for the Smart City R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re University of Camerino IFIP EGOV 2014 Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland September, 3rd 2014 R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Table of Contents 1 Motivations 2 A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System 3 bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability 4 Conclusions and Future Work R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Smart City The Smart city vision foster the integration of complex infrastructures and systems to better organize resource usage and make the city more citizen centric R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Smart Cities Cities are dierent: climate terrain morphology dimensions inhabitants . . . R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Smart Cities Cities are dierent: climate terrain morphology dimensions inhabitants . . . Therefore: Smart cities will be dierent even if they will have to face similar issues. Dierences and similarities will be re ected in the installed systems and correspondingly in the supported business processes that permit to organize and use the city R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Organizing BP for the Smart City Our objective was to investigate on tools and languages permitting to exploit commonalities still having the possibilities to derive dierent version of the same system dipendently from the needs of a speci
c smart city R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Organizing BP for the Smart City Our objective was to investigate on tools and languages permitting to exploit commonalities still having the possibilities to derive dierent version of the same system dipendently from the needs of a speci
c smart city Two main ingredients: Business Process Modeling Software Product Line and Feature Modeling R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work BP modeling A BP is the result of re ection and synthesis on dierent aspects of an organization, and in order to better set up its activities. Particularly relevant for us are the functional, behavioral, and information views. BPMN2 (OMG standard) is currently the most used notation to model BP. A simpli
ed view: R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Software Product Line and Feature Modeling Software Product Lines (SPL) refer to methods, tools and techniques for creating a collection of similar software systems Feature Model (FM) is a modeling approach emerged in the context of SPL in order to support the development of a variety of products from a common platform R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Bike Sharing System The Bike Sharing System (BSS) is a bike rental solution that enable citizens and tourists to move within a city using a bike. The users of a BSS tipically pick up a bike from one of the bike station (docking station) distributed in the city, and she can return it in any other bike station R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Bike Sharing System The management and usage of the BSS subsumes the possibility of activating many dierent BPs. Service subscription, bike usage/travel, bike redistribution, credit acquisition, . . . The Bike Usage/Travel Business Process refers to the BP family permitting to a user (citizen or tourist) to register and access a BSS to pick up a bike from a bike station, to use it to go around, and
nally to return the bike to the same or a dierent bike station (for instance including or not activities to apply rewarding policies) R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The bpFM approach to variability modeling The approach we propose mixes the characteristics and objectives of the two dierent modeling context we introduced before. To model BPs variability an extended version of FM has been introduced, named business process Feature Model (bpFM), in which the features represent the activities characterizing a process (functional view). Among the activities relations are de
ned similarly to what is done in FODA. A set of mapping rules from bpFM to BPMN 2.0 fragments has been de
ned Successively according to a speci
c feature selection (con
guration) a detailed BP skeleton can be automatically derived It is also possible to add information concerning the input and output data object related to an activity (information view) R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work bpFM Constrains Elements in the bpFM notation permits to specify relation among activities and if an activity has to be executed or not by a BP enactment R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Mapping to BPMN R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Mapping to BPMN R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City

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Modelling Process Intensive Scenarios for the Smart City

  • 1. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Modelling Process Intensive Scenarios for the Smart City R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re University of Camerino IFIP EGOV 2014 Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland September, 3rd 2014 R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 2. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Table of Contents 1 Motivations 2 A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System 3 bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability 4 Conclusions and Future Work R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 3. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Smart City The Smart city vision foster the integration of complex infrastructures and systems to better organize resource usage and make the city more citizen centric R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 4. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Smart Cities Cities are dierent: climate terrain morphology dimensions inhabitants . . . R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 5. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Smart Cities Cities are dierent: climate terrain morphology dimensions inhabitants . . . Therefore: Smart cities will be dierent even if they will have to face similar issues. Dierences and similarities will be re ected in the installed systems and correspondingly in the supported business processes that permit to organize and use the city R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 6. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Organizing BP for the Smart City Our objective was to investigate on tools and languages permitting to exploit commonalities still having the possibilities to derive dierent version of the same system dipendently from the needs of a speci
  • 7. c smart city R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 8. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Organizing BP for the Smart City Our objective was to investigate on tools and languages permitting to exploit commonalities still having the possibilities to derive dierent version of the same system dipendently from the needs of a speci
  • 9. c smart city Two main ingredients: Business Process Modeling Software Product Line and Feature Modeling R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 10. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work BP modeling A BP is the result of re ection and synthesis on dierent aspects of an organization, and in order to better set up its activities. Particularly relevant for us are the functional, behavioral, and information views. BPMN2 (OMG standard) is currently the most used notation to model BP. A simpli
  • 11. ed view: R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 12. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Software Product Line and Feature Modeling Software Product Lines (SPL) refer to methods, tools and techniques for creating a collection of similar software systems Feature Model (FM) is a modeling approach emerged in the context of SPL in order to support the development of a variety of products from a common platform R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 13. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Bike Sharing System The Bike Sharing System (BSS) is a bike rental solution that enable citizens and tourists to move within a city using a bike. The users of a BSS tipically pick up a bike from one of the bike station (docking station) distributed in the city, and she can return it in any other bike station R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 14. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The Bike Sharing System The management and usage of the BSS subsumes the possibility of activating many dierent BPs. Service subscription, bike usage/travel, bike redistribution, credit acquisition, . . . The Bike Usage/Travel Business Process refers to the BP family permitting to a user (citizen or tourist) to register and access a BSS to pick up a bike from a bike station, to use it to go around, and
  • 15. nally to return the bike to the same or a dierent bike station (for instance including or not activities to apply rewarding policies) R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 16. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work The bpFM approach to variability modeling The approach we propose mixes the characteristics and objectives of the two dierent modeling context we introduced before. To model BPs variability an extended version of FM has been introduced, named business process Feature Model (bpFM), in which the features represent the activities characterizing a process (functional view). Among the activities relations are de
  • 17. ned similarly to what is done in FODA. A set of mapping rules from bpFM to BPMN 2.0 fragments has been de
  • 20. guration) a detailed BP skeleton can be automatically derived It is also possible to add information concerning the input and output data object related to an activity (information view) R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 21. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work bpFM Constrains Elements in the bpFM notation permits to specify relation among activities and if an activity has to be executed or not by a BP enactment R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 22. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Mapping to BPMN R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 23. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Mapping to BPMN R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 24. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Mapping to BPMN R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 25. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Bike Travel of the BSS: The bpFM model R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 26. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Bike Travel of the BSS: Mapping Example The selection of an activity (feature) results in the generation of the correspondingly BP fragment R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 27. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Bike Travel of the BSS: The BP skeleton The mapping rules permits to derive a variant skeleton including all the selected activities given the con
  • 28. guration, as well as the de
  • 29. nition of some behavioral constraints. The inclusion of data ow relations further constraint the behavioral relations in the BP skeleton R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 30. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Bike Travel of the BSS: A BP Variant The BP variant is
  • 31. nally obtained including all the behavioral constraints R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 32. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work Conclusions and future work Variability needs to be more and more taken into account also in order to reduce costs. We presented an approach to model variability of BP permitting to include in a single model many dierent variants of the same BP. The approach permits to the modeler to focus on dierent views (functional, behavioral, . . . ) at dierent times Adopting the approach it is possible to reduce the complexity of managing many dierent variants of a BP and to share experiences between dierent smart city initiatives. The initial experiments we conducted provided encouraging results. There are many items in the future work list. Among the others: continue experiments and validation
  • 33. nalize the supporting tool chain study the possible extension of the approach to consider multi-organizational BPs R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 34. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work EU
  • 35. nanced project Model-Based Social Learning for Public Admin. (Learn PAd) http://www.learnpad.eu R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City
  • 36. Motivations A Smart City Scenario: The Bike Sharing System bpFM - A Modeling Approach for BP variability Conclusions and Future Work EU
  • 37. nanced project Model-Based Social Learning for Public Admin. (Learn PAd) http://www.learnpad.eu Thank you! R. Cognini, F. Corradini, A. Polini, B. Re Modelling Process Intensive Scenario for the Smart City