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Nanoporous Materials

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Mya Phu Pwint Thit
Mya Phu Pwint Thit

Nanoporous Materials are very important in filtering, storing uses. And I am sharing what I have read and collected.

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Yangon Technological University Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science 1 By Mya Phu Pwint Thit 27th Feb, 2018
Nanoporous Materials 2
Outlines What materials are called ‘Nanoporous’? Functional Examples Zeolite :applications and Synthesis MCM 41 or 48: applications and synthesis Aerogel :applications and Synthesis Metal Organic Framework Conclusion 3
What materials are called ‘NANOPORUS’? 4
Organic or inorganic framework with regular porous structures with the size of 1-100 nm. Have the skeletal portion called ‘matrix’ or ‘frame’ and the pores which are filled with liquid or gases for its applications. Polymer and ceramic-based nonporous materials are readily available but it is tough to produce metal nanoporous materials. 5
Depending on the size of the pores, they can be divided into three groups according to IUPAC • Microporous (pore diameter <2nm) • Mesoporous ( 2nm < pore diameter < 50nm) • Macroporous (pore diameter >50 nm) 6
Have a very large pore volume (up to 70%) and very high surface area (>700 m2/g) Have various synthesis methods: anodic oxidation of thin metal foils in an acidic electrolyte, radiation-track etching, sol-gel processing. 7
Functional Examples Selective treatment • For water treatment • Air purification Battery Seperator Catalysts Solid Electrolytes 8
Nanoporous materials examples and their TEM images 9
Zeolite 10 Applications and Synthesis
Zeolite Inorganic porous material with silicon and aluminium with a multidimensional and interconnected pore system Because of nano and micro scaled pores, they have large inner surface area. 0.3-1 nm in diameter pore volume: 0.1-0.35 cc/g.11
ApplicationsCatalyst in chemical processes Ion exchanger or water softener in detergents Filter for desulphurization in flue gases Used in removal or reduction of Carbon dioxide System in International Space Station Solar thermal collector for adsorption refrigeration 12
Synthesis by Hydrothermal Method Need water, a silica source, an alumina source, a mineralizing agent, and a structure-directing agent (pore directing agent) which is organic. 13
Synthesis depends on 1. The Reagant type 2. The addition order 3. The degree of mixing 4. The crystallization temperature 5. Time 6. Composition of the sources Numerous organic-inorganic interactions occur during synthesis process. 14
MCM-41 or 48 Applications and Synthesis 15 MCM-X = Mobil Composition of Matter No. X
MCM-41 is an aluminosilicate possessing hexagonally arranged one dimensional pores with diameters ranging from 1.5-10 nm. MCM-48 is an aluminosilicate with a three dimensional pore system and diameters can be 3nm. They are the two derivatives of zeolites. 16
17 TEM image of MCM-41 TEM image of MCM-48
Applications Chromatography (Adsorbent) Drug Delivery Imaging Catalysts Dyes Removal 18
Synthesis (by HYBRID) 19
Surfactants are dissolved into polar solvents to certain concentration at which micelles is formed by segregation. At the same time, precursor and catalyst are dissolved into the same solvent and undergone hydrolysis and condensation around micelles simultaneously. 20
The process of formation of mesoporous materials (MCM-41/48) 21
Applications and Synthesis Aerogel 22
Aerogel synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel Have a porous solid network with 99.9% air in its pockets Translucent in nature, weights three times that of air. 23
Three types of aerogels A. Silica Aerogels B. Carbon aerogels C. Metal Oxide aerogels Nicknames: Frozen smoke, solid smoke, solid air, solid cloud, blue smoke 24
Applications Thickening agents in paints and cosmetics Collector of space dust particles by NASA in ISS Catalyst Precursors Water Purifiers Supercapacitors Racquets for tennis, squash or badminton 25
Synthesis by Sol-gel Method Wet gels are aged for certain periods of time to strengthen the gel network, and then brought to temperature and pressure above the solvent’s critical point in auto clave. The solvent is removed from gel network Highly porous structure of the gel network is obtained. ( pore volume = 99%, surface area > 1000 m2/g) 26
Metal Organic Framework (MOF) 27 Applications
Metal Organic FrameworkPorous compounds consisting of clusters or metal ions coordinated with organic complex Can be 1/2/3 dimensional structure Sensitive of air and moisture Can trap carbon because of small, tunable pore sizes and high void fractions 28
29
Almost all zeolites and their derivatives are microporous whereas the aerogels and aerogels are mesoporous materials. Sol-Gel Method, Hydrothermal Method, Surfactant templating method Applications depends on the materials properties. 30
31
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Nanoporous Materials

  • 1. Yangon Technological University Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science 1 By Mya Phu Pwint Thit 27th Feb, 2018
  • 3. Outlines What materials are called ‘Nanoporous’? Functional Examples Zeolite :applications and Synthesis MCM 41 or 48: applications and synthesis Aerogel :applications and Synthesis Metal Organic Framework Conclusion 3
  • 5. Organic or inorganic framework with regular porous structures with the size of 1-100 nm. Have the skeletal portion called ‘matrix’ or ‘frame’ and the pores which are filled with liquid or gases for its applications. Polymer and ceramic-based nonporous materials are readily available but it is tough to produce metal nanoporous materials. 5
  • 6. Depending on the size of the pores, they can be divided into three groups according to IUPAC • Microporous (pore diameter <2nm) • Mesoporous ( 2nm < pore diameter < 50nm) • Macroporous (pore diameter >50 nm) 6
  • 7. Have a very large pore volume (up to 70%) and very high surface area (>700 m2/g) Have various synthesis methods: anodic oxidation of thin metal foils in an acidic electrolyte, radiation-track etching, sol-gel processing. 7
  • 8. Functional Examples Selective treatment • For water treatment • Air purification Battery Seperator Catalysts Solid Electrolytes 8
  • 11. Zeolite Inorganic porous material with silicon and aluminium with a multidimensional and interconnected pore system Because of nano and micro scaled pores, they have large inner surface area. 0.3-1 nm in diameter pore volume: 0.1-0.35 cc/g.11
  • 12. ApplicationsCatalyst in chemical processes Ion exchanger or water softener in detergents Filter for desulphurization in flue gases Used in removal or reduction of Carbon dioxide System in International Space Station Solar thermal collector for adsorption refrigeration 12
  • 13. Synthesis by Hydrothermal Method Need water, a silica source, an alumina source, a mineralizing agent, and a structure-directing agent (pore directing agent) which is organic. 13
  • 14. Synthesis depends on 1. The Reagant type 2. The addition order 3. The degree of mixing 4. The crystallization temperature 5. Time 6. Composition of the sources Numerous organic-inorganic interactions occur during synthesis process. 14
  • 15. MCM-41 or 48 Applications and Synthesis 15 MCM-X = Mobil Composition of Matter No. X
  • 16. MCM-41 is an aluminosilicate possessing hexagonally arranged one dimensional pores with diameters ranging from 1.5-10 nm. MCM-48 is an aluminosilicate with a three dimensional pore system and diameters can be 3nm. They are the two derivatives of zeolites. 16
  • 17. 17 TEM image of MCM-41 TEM image of MCM-48
  • 20. Surfactants are dissolved into polar solvents to certain concentration at which micelles is formed by segregation. At the same time, precursor and catalyst are dissolved into the same solvent and undergone hydrolysis and condensation around micelles simultaneously. 20
  • 21. The process of formation of mesoporous materials (MCM-41/48) 21
  • 23. Aerogel synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel Have a porous solid network with 99.9% air in its pockets Translucent in nature, weights three times that of air. 23
  • 24. Three types of aerogels A. Silica Aerogels B. Carbon aerogels C. Metal Oxide aerogels Nicknames: Frozen smoke, solid smoke, solid air, solid cloud, blue smoke 24
  • 25. Applications Thickening agents in paints and cosmetics Collector of space dust particles by NASA in ISS Catalyst Precursors Water Purifiers Supercapacitors Racquets for tennis, squash or badminton 25
  • 26. Synthesis by Sol-gel Method Wet gels are aged for certain periods of time to strengthen the gel network, and then brought to temperature and pressure above the solvent’s critical point in auto clave. The solvent is removed from gel network Highly porous structure of the gel network is obtained. ( pore volume = 99%, surface area > 1000 m2/g) 26
  • 28. Metal Organic FrameworkPorous compounds consisting of clusters or metal ions coordinated with organic complex Can be 1/2/3 dimensional structure Sensitive of air and moisture Can trap carbon because of small, tunable pore sizes and high void fractions 28
  • 29. 29
  • 30. Almost all zeolites and their derivatives are microporous whereas the aerogels and aerogels are mesoporous materials. Sol-Gel Method, Hydrothermal Method, Surfactant templating method Applications depends on the materials properties. 30
  • 31. 31

Editor's Notes

  • #6: used as tap water filters in intense care units of hospitals to protect immuno-compromised patients from bacterial infections. metals have specific advantages such as high strength, thermal/electrical conductivity and, in contrast to polymer membranes, heat resistance. The latter aspect is, for instance, important to allow for sterilization of filters in medical applications.
  • #13: their high heat of adsorption and ability to hydrate and dehydrate while maintaining structural stability is exploited. This hygroscopic property coupled with an inherent exothermic (energy releasing) reaction when transitioning from a dehydrated to a hydrated form make natural zeolites useful in harvesting waste heat and solar heat energy
  • #22: Surfactant molecules —> cylindrical micelles Inorganic precursors —> form framework around the micelles through hydrolysis and condensation.
  • #23: What do u can analyse from this photo? Insulation
  • #24: Aerogels by themselves are hydrophilic, but chemical treatment can make them hydrophobic. good thermal insulators Aerogels may have a thermal conductivity smaller than that of the gas they contain
  • #25: There are other types of aerogel: organic polymers, sulfur, selenium, cadmium selenide quantum dots, Depending on the oxides, the colors of aerogels differ
  • #26: The distribution of Aerogel throughout the racquet is engineered with Dunlop’s Multi Filament technology (M-Fil) for maximum performance. The result — the stiffening of the top of the frame for the minimizing of frame movement and the creation of more power. At the bottom of the racquet head Aerogel stabilizes, enabling superior player control and torsional stability.
  • #29: Can degraded with small amount of moist