Nature of theatre and ritual
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Each society develops conventions that define social relationships, and seeks validation of these rituals through religion, morality, law, and social behavior. The role and function of theater has fluctuated over time, from religious activity to traveling performance to entertainment. The value and respectability of theater has been debated, with it sometimes being forbidden as a form of lying, and sometimes seen as a truthful reflection of human behavior.
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A. J. GUNAW ARDANA
HI
DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL AFFAIRS
SRI LANKA
TO THE READER
This slim volume is only a basic introduction to Sinhala
theatre; it has no pretensions to being an exhaustive, detailed
study. Interested readers who wish to further pursue the
subject are referred to other relevant publications in this series
and to the select bibliography given at the end of the book.
My thanks are due to the Department of Cultural Affairs for
sponsoring this publication.
July 12, 1976,
Vidyodaya Campus,
University of Sri Lanka,
Gangodawila, Nugegoda.
1-
A. J. GUNAWARDANA
. , ...
The Culture of Sri lanka - 6
,
A. J. GUNAWARDANA
II I
1976
PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL AFFAIRS
SRI .. LANKA
THEATRE IN SRI LANKA
IN Sri Lanka, the traditional and the modern, the old and the
~ew in theatre can be seen in striking conjunction. Based in
Colombo, the capital city, there is a burgeoning, cosmopolitan,
modern theatre which presents original works and translations
(of Beckett, Brecht, Gogol, Gorky, et. al.) in a wide range of forms
.and styles. In the rural areas, age-old ritualistic theatres are per-
formed to promote the welfare of the community and to heal
the sick. In between are various folk theatres the entertain-
me~ts springing from a predominantly agricultural way of life.
And, as in all modernizing societies, many of the older forms are
waning away while the new theatre is flowering.
THE RITUAl. THEATRES
The ritual theatres of Sri Lanka are among the oldest extant
-performances with an unbroken history. Legend traces their
beginnings to pre-Buddhistic times. However remote their ori-
gins, it is quite clear that the ritual theatres, like all living art
forms, have been changing over the years, discarding some ele-
ments and absorbing others. As practised today, ritual theatres
are generally night-long performances addressed to the numerous
deities and demons of the folk religion.
A vast pantheon of gods a~d demons inhabits the still vital
world of Sinhala folk belief. Depending on time and circums-
tances, and their particular spheres of influence, these powerful
beings can impinge in various ways on the affairs of men. For
-example, gods can assure a plentiful harvest and bring succour
to people in times of distress. The demons, on the other hand,
are evil in their effects : they possess people, making them ilL
The primary purpoSe of the ritual theatres is to propitiate the
gods and the demons, so that they will confer their blessings or
heal the afflicted. Where the demons are concerned, there is an
-exorcistic 'aim also. A basic assumption in these theatres is that
1
these beings have the right to expect certain oblations and offer-
ings from humans. If these are not made, the gods will either
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http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3269410?uid=3738392&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21105015072863
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teaching folktales for our children is critical. Children should be exposed to several kinds of folktales to understand about the past and express themselves through good language. Here is a PowerPoint presentation about "Folktales". Chapters 1 + 2 Power Point THE 2000
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The document discusses several key aspects of theatre. It describes theatre as reflecting culture and arising from a need to make sense of the world. Theatre is a live, ephemeral, collaborative synthesis of many arts that creates a relationship between performers and audiences. Rituals and storytelling were early origins of theatre, which Greeks performed in outdoor spaces for audiences. Audiences have varied individual experiences viewing theatre, which aims to elicit emotional responses. Realism as a genre focused on representation over presentation, involving a passive audience separated by a fourth wall.WORLD-LITERATURE-.pdf
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Art Appreciation Course Subject
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What Youll Learn in This Presentation
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Why You Should Check This Out?
Essential for pharmacy, medical & life sciences students.
Provides insights into antibiotic resistance & pharmaceutical trends.
Useful for healthcare professionals & researchers in drug discovery.
Swipe through & explore the world of antibiotics today!
Like, Share & Follow for more in-depth pharma insights!
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Sports Trainer Level 1 Course by Sports Medicine Australia A gateway to professional development, career opportunities, and working in Australia.
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NAPD Annual Symposium
Equity in our Schools: Does the system deliver for all young people?Nature of theatre and ritual
- 1. Each society develops numerous conventions (enthymemes) viewed as rituals that define social relationships. And it seeks the validation of these rituals through religion, morality, law and social behavior.
- 2. The role/function of Theatre in society has fluctuated over time Examples: Theatre as religious activity Theatre as traveling performance Theatre as entertainment The value and respectability of Theatre has been a matter of debate Examples: Theatre forbidden/banned as a form of lying Theatre as a truthful reflection of human behavior
- 3. Chapter 1: The Nature of Theatre Origins in ritual practices Theatre as a form is at least 2500 years old Relationship between ritual and theatre exist on an entertainment efficacy Continuum Efficacy ------------------------- Entertainment (Entertainment Turkey whirling dirbish, tibetian songs, sometimes co-oped by popular culture.)
- 4. Origins of Theatre 1. Story Telling 2. Dance 3. Religious Ritual
- 5. Where did theatre come from? 1. Theatre from Worship 1. Group would observe forces in nature that control sources of food and well being. Group attributes desirable or undesirable feelings towards supernatural forces / occurrences. 2. Group seeks to win favoritism of forces through repeated actions, ceremonies, and rituals. In time, they become refined and formalized. In time ritual celebrations become more secular and open to the general public. 2. Theatre from dance and pantomime. Dancing around the kill to celebrate. The dance of the bee to communicate in the hive. Thats insect, but humans have the gift for fantasy and imagination. 3. Originated in the telling of Myths
- 6. Parallels between the practice of Cultural rituals and theatre production. 1. Special location or Place Theatre vs. Church 2. Doer Vs. participants 3. Watchers Vs. witnesses 4. Costumes or special garb out of norm 5. Mask and makeup 6. Notion of identity, transition, change and sacrifice 7. Catharsis an emotional purging 8. Use of symbol or abstraction of reality 9. Song, Dance 10. Language, Separation from Normal every day 11. Time
- 13. What do YOU think? 1. What is the role/function of Theatre in your society today? 2. How does live Theatre performance differ from mediated performance forms such as film and television? 3. Do you consider Theatre to be a form of lying or a reflection of truth? Why? 4. Can you think of any other rituals that are theatrical in nature? Send me a link, or a pic of one for extra credit!