Neuro clinics 25- glossopharyngeal and vagus
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The document discusses the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves (cranial nerves IX and X). It describes their functions including motor control of swallowing muscles and the soft palate, and sensory innervation. It also outlines their parasympathetic roles in regulating the heart and gastrointestinal tract. The document lists clinical tests used to examine the functions of these nerves and conditions that may arise from nerve damage or irritation.
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1. It describes the innervation and control of the pupils by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems and how different lesions can affect the pupils' reaction to light and accommodation.
2. Several specific pupil abnormalities are described, including Adie's pupil, Argyll Robertson pupil, and Horner's syndrome.
3. The sympathetic pathways that control pupil dilation and other eye functions are outlined, originating from the hypothalamus through cervical ganglia. Causes of Horner's syndrome at different levels of the pathway are provided.
4. Different pupil abnormalities that can occur in unconscious or unresponsive patients are listed and their potentialNeuro clinics 30
Neuro clinics 30Pratyush Chaudhuri
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1. Babinski's sign is a clinical test where a pointed instrument is run up the lateral border of the foot and over the metatarsal pads, eliciting an extension response in the big toe in patients with upper motor neuron lesions.
2. Joseph Babinski discovered this sign in 1896 while working as a student of Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salp棚tri竪re Hospital in Paris.
3. Babinski's sign indicates damage to the corticospinal tracts in the brain or spinal cord, and a positive result often prompts further neurological examination.Neuro clinics 58 hypo-reflexia
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The document discusses four clinical cases presenting with weakness and hyporeflexia:
1) A 35-year-old female with lower limb weakness and tingling, diagnosed with transverse myelitis.
2) A 56-year-old male with low back pain and left leg radiculopathy, diagnosed with lumbar disc disease.
3) A 42-year-old male with fatigue and fever, diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
4) A 32-year-old female with body aches and difficulty walking, diagnosed with a drug-induced myopathy from clofibrate and atorvastatin use.Neuro clinics 57 hyper-reflexia
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This document contains 3 case studies presented to test diagnostic skills:
1. A 34-year-old painter with headaches, confusion at work, and memory loss was diagnosed with xylene poisoning based on elevated urinary methylhippuric acid levels.
2. A 76-year-old man with Parkinson's disease, hypertension, and diabetes presented with confusion and urinary incontinence was found to have hypernatremia, which was determined to be the cause of his exaggerated reflexes.
3. A 17-year-old male with high fever, headache, and chills was diagnosed with falciparum malaria based on his peripheral smear showing falciform malaria parasites, which are known toAlcohol and seizures
Alcohol and seizuresPratyush Chaudhuri
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1. Alcohol abuse is a common cause of seizures, accounting for 82% of trauma-related seizures and 73% of adult-onset seizures in the author's practice.
2. Alcohol withdrawal can cause seizures due to changes in GABA receptor sensitivity and membrane properties as alcohol potentiates the effects of GABA.
3. Differential diagnoses for seizures in alcohol-dependent patients include withdrawal from other substances, pre-existing epilepsy, acute intoxication or poisoning, metabolic disorders, infections, structural abnormalities, and non-compliance with anti-seizure medications.Neuro clinics 46
Neuro clinics 46Pratyush Chaudhuri
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This document discusses the incidence and prevalence of a condition by age according to data supported by Nirmal clinics. It also contains an image showing the motor control circuit in the basal ganglia involving the cortex, striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and thalamus, with the direct and indirect pathways indicated.Neuro clinics 45 parkinson disease
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Dr. Pratyush Chaudhuri is supported by Nirmal Clinics in his scientific work. He believes that science should take priority over other considerations. The document appears to provide information about a scientist supported by a medical organization.Recently uploaded (20)
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Neuro clinics 25- glossopharyngeal and vagus
- 1. 油
- 2. Neuro-clinics 25 Dr Pratyush Chaudhuri Supported by Mankind Pharmaceuticals and Nirmal clinics
- 3. Glossopharyngeal & Vagus IX & X cranial nerve
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- 5. Function of glossupharyngeal Stylopharyngeus muscle Autonomic supply to parotid gland Sensory supply
- 6. Reflexes Pharyngeal or gag reflex Carotid sinus reflex
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- 8. Vagus Nerve Also called pneumogastric nerve Longest cranial nerve Responsible for the functioning of the swallowing muscles of the pharynx and the laryngeal muscle
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- 10. Parasympathetic function are numerous Largest and most important parasympathetic nerve Essential for regulation of the heart. Predominantly inhibitory in nature Vagus stimulation - bradycardia
- 11. Vagal parasympathetic cause broncho-spasm and increased secretion. It is a stimulant of the GIT up to the colon Special somatic sensory, general somatic sensory, general visceral sensation
- 12. Clinical examination of vagus Motor function Examination of the soft palate Difficulty in swallowing more for liquids Difficulty in palatal phonation K, q, Ch sound similar to cleft palate
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- 14. Observe the pharyngeal muscle movement rideau phenomenon curtain movement - movement of the the pharyngeal wall to the nonparalysed side. Paralysis of cough Hoarseness of voice +/- dyspnoea
- 15. Autonomic function Aschners ocular phenomenon or oculocardiac reflex. ( absent in vagal paralysis) Vomiting reflex Swallowing reflex Cough reflex Sneeze (sternutatory) reflex Sucking reflex. (normal in neonates. If occurs in adults known as atz or wolfing reflex)
- 16. Singultus Yawning reflex Carotid sinus reflex : vagal type , cerebral type and the depressor type. Responses may be in the form of Hyperactive carotid sinus reflex Carotid sinus syncope.
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- 18. Clinical presentation Glossopharyngeal neuralgia Trigger points- tonsillar fossa and the tonsillar pillers Pain during eating and swallowing
- 19. Irritation of vagus Bradycardia, vomiting, hypertonus of GIT (basis of projectile vomiting of raised ICT) Explains the cushing reflex Vagus also responsible for kussmaul breathing, cheyne stokes respiration etc
- 20. Pharyngismus Palatal myoclonus Vaso-vagal syncope
- 21. Paralytic involvement of vagus Supra-nuclear - in pseudobulbar palsy Results in spastic dysarthria or dysphagia Nuclear involvement - in bulbar polio, GB syndrome, other lesions affecting the brainstem Infra nuclear most common is the recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis
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