Night blindness (vitamin a)
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Night Blindness
Night BlindnessKevin Ambadan
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Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is a condition where it is difficult or impossible to see in low light conditions. It can be present from birth or caused by injury or malnutrition, especially vitamin A deficiency. The main causes of night blindness include vitamin A deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital night blindness, pathological myopia, peripheral cortical cataracts, and advanced primary open angle glaucoma. The underlying cause must be treated, such as supplementing vitamin A for a deficiency or surgery for retinitis pigmentosa.Night blindness
Night blindnessnamperth
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Night blindness is the inability to see well in low light conditions and is a symptom of an underlying eye disorder rather than a condition itself. Common causes include untreated nearsightedness, glaucoma medications, cataracts, retinal diseases, and vitamin A deficiency. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve changing eyeglass prescriptions, adjusting medications, or surgery to remove cataracts.Discuss Night Blindness!
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Night blindness, or nyctalopia, can be caused by normal physiological responses to changes in light levels, acquired conditions like vitamin A deficiency, or congenital disorders. Tests like adaptometry measure a patient's ability to see in low light levels over time as their eyes adapt from light to dark. Congenital causes of night blindness include various forms of retinitis pigmentosa, an inherited retinal degeneration characterized by night vision loss and peripheral vision loss over time. Retinitis pigmentosa has many subtypes depending on inheritance and can be associated with other ocular and systemic findings.Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin A DeficiencySumayya Naseem
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Vitamin A deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, which is a medical condition where the eye fails to produce tears. It is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children worldwide. The document discusses vitamin A's role in vision and other body processes. Populations most at risk for deficiency include children aged 6 months to 6 years, pregnant and lactating women, and those in developing countries or with malabsorption issues. Signs of xerophthalmia include dryness of the eyes, conjunctival spots, and corneal ulceration or keratomalacia in severe cases. Treatment involves high doses of vitamin A supplementation, while prevention focuses on food fortification, nutrition education, and immunization programs.Vitamin A
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The document outlines the importance of Vitamin A training for paramedics, detailing its two forms, dietary sources, daily requirements, and the consequences of deficiency, including vision problems and increased mortality rates. It provides statistics on the prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency in India and prevention strategies, such as dietary improvements and regular supplementation. Additionally, it discusses the scheduling and workload requirements for administering Vitamin A doses to children to combat deficiency effectively.Vitamin a
Vitamin aMohamed Abed
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This document discusses vitamins, specifically vitamin A. It defines vitamins and explains that vitamin A has several important functions in the body related to vision, epithelial cell integrity, immune response, reproduction and growth. It describes the different forms of vitamin A found in foods and how they are absorbed and transported. Deficiency and toxicity of vitamin A are outlined as well as recommended intake amounts and treatment. The key functions and food sources of vitamin A are summarized.Vitamin A MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Vitamin A MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR Dr Muhammad Mustansar
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Vitamin A has important roles in vision, cellular differentiation, and gene expression. It is found in two forms: pre-formed retinol in animal foods like liver, dairy, and fish; and pro-vitamin A carotenoids in brightly colored fruits and vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes, and mangoes. An adequate intake of vitamin A is important for vision, epithelial cell health, reproduction, bone remodeling, growth, and resistance to infection. Deficiency can cause night blindness, dry eyes, and increased susceptibility to disease.Nightblindness and xerophthalmia
Nightblindness and xerophthalmiaRaju Kaiti
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The document discusses night blindness (nyctalopia) and xerophthalmia, emphasizing their definitions, causes, and associations with vitamin A deficiency and various retinal disorders. It highlights specific conditions leading to night blindness, such as retinitis pigmentosa and congenital stationary night blindness, and addresses the prevalence and impact of xerophthalmia as a public health issue in Nepal. The importance of vitamin A in ocular health is stressed, alongside prevention and treatment strategies for deficiencies including dietary interventions and vitamin supplementation.Vitamin A
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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for vision and immune function. It can be obtained from animal foods as retinol or from plant foods as provitamin A carotenoids like beta-carotene. Good sources include liver, sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach and pumpkin. A lack of vitamin A can cause eye disease and blindness, while too much preformed vitamin A from supplements can be toxic, especially for pregnant women.PHYSIOLOGY OF VISION,Part -II
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Strabismusjoemdas
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This document provides information about strabismus (squinting):
- It affects 7.5 million people in the US and an estimated 130-260 million worldwide. Strabismus occurs when the eyes are not properly aligned on the point of focus.
- The anatomy of the extraocular muscles that control eye movement is described, including the actions of the six muscles and their nerve supply.
- Paralytic squints can be caused by neurogenic or myogenic factors. The document discusses third and fourth nerve palsies as examples. Treatment options for strabismus include optical devices, botulinum toxin injections, orthoptic exercises, and surgery.Vitamin a-deficiency
Vitamin a-deficiencyDivvela Sekhar
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Vitamin A is an organic compound that is either obtained through the diet or synthesized in the body. It exists in two major forms: retinoids, which are fat-soluble, and carotenoids, which are water-soluble. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry eyes, susceptibility to infection, and even blindness or death in severe cases. It is commonly caused by diets lacking animal sources of vitamin A and breastmilk from deficient mothers. Too much vitamin A intake can also be toxic, causing nausea, headaches, and birth defects.Strabismus
StrabismusAhaan Rungta
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Strabismus is an ophthalmological condition characterized by misalignment of the eyes, resulting from a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles, which can impair depth perception. It is distinct from amblyopia (lazy eye), and various tests, such as cover tests and the Hirschberg test, are used to assess eye alignment. Advanced cases may require treatments such as eyeglasses, vision therapy, prisms, or surgery to correct the alignment and achieve cosmetic improvement.Vitamin a
Vitamin amallik813
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Elmer Verner McCollum was an American biochemist born in 1879 who is known for discovering vitamins A, B, and D and researching the influence of diet on health. He devised the vitamin naming system and discovered the importance of trace metals in diet. McCollum's work showed that certain dietary components are essential to health and deficiency can cause diseases. He received the 1921 Howard N. Potts Medal for his contributions to nutrition research.Vitamin A
Vitamin AAnsil P N
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This document discusses vitamin A, including its classification, sources, absorption, transport, storage, functions, deficiency, toxicity, and recommended daily intake. Some key points:
- Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for vision, growth, reproduction, and epithelial cell maintenance. It cannot be made by the body and must come from diet.
- Major sources include liver, dairy, eggs, carrots and other orange vegetables. Beta-carotene from plants is a provitamin A that the body can convert to vitamin A.
- It is absorbed in intestinal cells and transported to the liver bound to retinol binding protein in the bloodstream. The liver stores significant amounts.
-Xerophthalmia
XerophthalmiaJB Chand
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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause xerophthalmia, a disease affecting the eyes. Early signs include night blindness and dryness of the conjunctiva. More severe forms include corneal lesions that can lead to blindness. VAD is most common in young children in developing countries where diets lack vitamin A-rich foods. Treatment involves high doses of vitamin A supplements to restore levels as well as addressing underlying malnutrition. Prevention focuses on dietary diversification, supplementation programs, and promoting breastfeeding.Vitamin A and its deficiency
Vitamin A and its deficiencyReshma Ann Mathew
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Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin vital for normal vision, immune function, and cell growth. Deficiency in vitamin A affects millions globally, particularly in preschool children, leading to severe ocular conditions and potential blindness. Prevention includes food fortification, supplementation, and promoting the consumption of vitamin A-rich foods.Anatomy Of The Eye
Anatomy Of The EyePave Medicine
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The eyeball has three concentric layers - the outer protective sclera, the middle vascular uvea, and the inner light-sensitive retina. It contains important structures like the cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, vitreous humor, and optic nerve. The eye is surrounded by accessory structures including the eyelids, lacrimal apparatus for tear production and drainage, conjunctiva, extraocular muscles to control eye movement, and orbit bone for protection. All of these work together to allow for vision.PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF VISION
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF VISIONDr Nilesh Kate
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This document provides an overview of the key concepts in photochemistry of vision including:
- The structure and function of the retina, photoreceptors, and visual pigments in initiating the visual process.
- The mechanism of phototransduction which converts light energy into nerve impulses through a series of biochemical reactions within the photoreceptors.
- How the visual impulse is processed and transmitted from the retina through the optic nerve, chiasm, tracts and lateral geniculate bodies to the visual cortex where visual perception occurs. Parallel processing pathways and the serial processing of images within the retina are also discussed.Vitamin A Deficiency & Eye
Vitamin A Deficiency & EyeAnkit Punjabi
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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble nutrient essential for various bodily functions, including vision and immune response, with deficiency primarily affecting children in developing countries. Symptoms of deficiency include night blindness, conjunctival xerosis, and corneal ulcers, with treatments focusing on supplementation and public health initiatives to improve dietary intake. Prevention strategies include vitamin A fortification in foods, health education, and regular supplementation for at-risk populations.VITAMIN A & VISUAL CYCLE
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Vitamin A and its related compounds play an essential role in visual function through their involvement in the visual cycle. Vitamin A is obtained through the diet from animal foods as retinol and plant foods as provitamin A carotenoids. Upon exposure to light, the photopigment rhodopsin in rod cells decomposes and is regenerated through a series of reactions involving retinal and related compounds derived from vitamin A. Deficiency of vitamin A can lead to xerophthalmia, beginning with night blindness and potentially progressing to corneal ulceration and blindness if left untreated.NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF VISION
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF VISIONDr Nilesh Kate
油
This document discusses the neurophysiology of vision, including the visual pathway and visual processing in the brain. It describes how visual impulses travel from the retina through the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, and optic radiations to the visual cortex. It explains the retinotopic organization and processing of visual information in primary and extrastriate visual areas. Furthermore, it covers concepts of parallel magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, and serial processing of visual features in the visual cortex.Oncology Nursing Lecture
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Visionvajira54
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The document summarizes key aspects of physiology of vision. It discusses how light is captured by the eye and transmitted through the retina, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor to form an image on the retina. It describes accommodation which allows the lens to change curvature for focusing on near and far objects. It also outlines common refractive errors like myopia and hypermetropia and how they are corrected.Strabismus
Strabismus Rawalpindi Medical College
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The document discusses strabismus, including types, muscular movements, and diagnosis methods. It details conditions like amblyopia and variations such as esotropia and exotropia, outlining treatment therapies including medical and surgical options. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to prevent long-term visual complications.Amazing Human Eye
Amazing Human Eye7Active Medical Media
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The document details the anatomy of the human eye, including important parts such as the cornea, iris, pupil, eye lens, ciliary muscles, retina, and vitreous humour. It discusses the eye's power of accommodation, how it adjusts focus for near and distant objects, and outlines common vision defects like myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia, and cataracts, along with their corrections. The document explains how the eye functions and the ways vision can be corrected through various lenses and surgical procedures.Eye anatomy
Eye anatomymohammed Qazzaz
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The document provides an extensive overview of the anatomy and physiology of the eye, detailing structures such as the cornea, sclera, ciliary body, lens, and various chambers filled with aqueous humour. It describes the function of the lacrimal system in tear drainage and the role of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium in visual processing. Additionally, it discusses eye muscles and their coordination for eye movement, as well as conditions affecting eyelid function and tear production.More Related Content
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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for vision and immune function. It can be obtained from animal foods as retinol or from plant foods as provitamin A carotenoids like beta-carotene. Good sources include liver, sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach and pumpkin. A lack of vitamin A can cause eye disease and blindness, while too much preformed vitamin A from supplements can be toxic, especially for pregnant women.PHYSIOLOGY OF VISION,Part -II
PHYSIOLOGY OF VISION,Part -IIKashmeera N.A.
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The document summarizes key aspects of vision and the eye's anatomy and physiology. It discusses how the eye functions similarly to a camera, with a lens system, variable pupil, and retina. Four processes are involved in image formation on the retina: refraction of light rays by the eye's refractive interfaces, accommodation of the lens, constriction of the pupil, and convergence of the eyes for binocular vision. Rhodopsin in rods and photopsins in cones mediate photochemistry and color vision.Strabismus
Strabismusjoemdas
油
This document provides information about strabismus (squinting):
- It affects 7.5 million people in the US and an estimated 130-260 million worldwide. Strabismus occurs when the eyes are not properly aligned on the point of focus.
- The anatomy of the extraocular muscles that control eye movement is described, including the actions of the six muscles and their nerve supply.
- Paralytic squints can be caused by neurogenic or myogenic factors. The document discusses third and fourth nerve palsies as examples. Treatment options for strabismus include optical devices, botulinum toxin injections, orthoptic exercises, and surgery.Vitamin a-deficiency
Vitamin a-deficiencyDivvela Sekhar
油
Vitamin A is an organic compound that is either obtained through the diet or synthesized in the body. It exists in two major forms: retinoids, which are fat-soluble, and carotenoids, which are water-soluble. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry eyes, susceptibility to infection, and even blindness or death in severe cases. It is commonly caused by diets lacking animal sources of vitamin A and breastmilk from deficient mothers. Too much vitamin A intake can also be toxic, causing nausea, headaches, and birth defects.Strabismus
StrabismusAhaan Rungta
油
Strabismus is an ophthalmological condition characterized by misalignment of the eyes, resulting from a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles, which can impair depth perception. It is distinct from amblyopia (lazy eye), and various tests, such as cover tests and the Hirschberg test, are used to assess eye alignment. Advanced cases may require treatments such as eyeglasses, vision therapy, prisms, or surgery to correct the alignment and achieve cosmetic improvement.Vitamin a
Vitamin amallik813
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Elmer Verner McCollum was an American biochemist born in 1879 who is known for discovering vitamins A, B, and D and researching the influence of diet on health. He devised the vitamin naming system and discovered the importance of trace metals in diet. McCollum's work showed that certain dietary components are essential to health and deficiency can cause diseases. He received the 1921 Howard N. Potts Medal for his contributions to nutrition research.Vitamin A
Vitamin AAnsil P N
油
This document discusses vitamin A, including its classification, sources, absorption, transport, storage, functions, deficiency, toxicity, and recommended daily intake. Some key points:
- Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for vision, growth, reproduction, and epithelial cell maintenance. It cannot be made by the body and must come from diet.
- Major sources include liver, dairy, eggs, carrots and other orange vegetables. Beta-carotene from plants is a provitamin A that the body can convert to vitamin A.
- It is absorbed in intestinal cells and transported to the liver bound to retinol binding protein in the bloodstream. The liver stores significant amounts.
-Xerophthalmia
XerophthalmiaJB Chand
油
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause xerophthalmia, a disease affecting the eyes. Early signs include night blindness and dryness of the conjunctiva. More severe forms include corneal lesions that can lead to blindness. VAD is most common in young children in developing countries where diets lack vitamin A-rich foods. Treatment involves high doses of vitamin A supplements to restore levels as well as addressing underlying malnutrition. Prevention focuses on dietary diversification, supplementation programs, and promoting breastfeeding.Vitamin A and its deficiency
Vitamin A and its deficiencyReshma Ann Mathew
油
Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin vital for normal vision, immune function, and cell growth. Deficiency in vitamin A affects millions globally, particularly in preschool children, leading to severe ocular conditions and potential blindness. Prevention includes food fortification, supplementation, and promoting the consumption of vitamin A-rich foods.Anatomy Of The Eye
Anatomy Of The EyePave Medicine
油
The eyeball has three concentric layers - the outer protective sclera, the middle vascular uvea, and the inner light-sensitive retina. It contains important structures like the cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, vitreous humor, and optic nerve. The eye is surrounded by accessory structures including the eyelids, lacrimal apparatus for tear production and drainage, conjunctiva, extraocular muscles to control eye movement, and orbit bone for protection. All of these work together to allow for vision.PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF VISION
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF VISIONDr Nilesh Kate
油
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in photochemistry of vision including:
- The structure and function of the retina, photoreceptors, and visual pigments in initiating the visual process.
- The mechanism of phototransduction which converts light energy into nerve impulses through a series of biochemical reactions within the photoreceptors.
- How the visual impulse is processed and transmitted from the retina through the optic nerve, chiasm, tracts and lateral geniculate bodies to the visual cortex where visual perception occurs. Parallel processing pathways and the serial processing of images within the retina are also discussed.Vitamin A Deficiency & Eye
Vitamin A Deficiency & EyeAnkit Punjabi
油
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble nutrient essential for various bodily functions, including vision and immune response, with deficiency primarily affecting children in developing countries. Symptoms of deficiency include night blindness, conjunctival xerosis, and corneal ulcers, with treatments focusing on supplementation and public health initiatives to improve dietary intake. Prevention strategies include vitamin A fortification in foods, health education, and regular supplementation for at-risk populations.VITAMIN A & VISUAL CYCLE
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油
Vitamin A and its related compounds play an essential role in visual function through their involvement in the visual cycle. Vitamin A is obtained through the diet from animal foods as retinol and plant foods as provitamin A carotenoids. Upon exposure to light, the photopigment rhodopsin in rod cells decomposes and is regenerated through a series of reactions involving retinal and related compounds derived from vitamin A. Deficiency of vitamin A can lead to xerophthalmia, beginning with night blindness and potentially progressing to corneal ulceration and blindness if left untreated.NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF VISION
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF VISIONDr Nilesh Kate
油
This document discusses the neurophysiology of vision, including the visual pathway and visual processing in the brain. It describes how visual impulses travel from the retina through the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, and optic radiations to the visual cortex. It explains the retinotopic organization and processing of visual information in primary and extrastriate visual areas. Furthermore, it covers concepts of parallel magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, and serial processing of visual features in the visual cortex.Oncology Nursing Lecture
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The document provides 10 true or false questions about cancer followed by topics for discussion on cancer including comparing normal and cancer cells, differentiating between benign and malignant tumors, and describing standard cancer treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Nursing care for cancer patients is also addressed, covering topics like skin integrity, nutrition, body image, and complications of cancer treatment.Vision
Visionvajira54
油
The document summarizes key aspects of physiology of vision. It discusses how light is captured by the eye and transmitted through the retina, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor to form an image on the retina. It describes accommodation which allows the lens to change curvature for focusing on near and far objects. It also outlines common refractive errors like myopia and hypermetropia and how they are corrected.Strabismus
Strabismus Rawalpindi Medical College
油
The document discusses strabismus, including types, muscular movements, and diagnosis methods. It details conditions like amblyopia and variations such as esotropia and exotropia, outlining treatment therapies including medical and surgical options. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to prevent long-term visual complications.Amazing Human Eye
Amazing Human Eye7Active Medical Media
油
The document details the anatomy of the human eye, including important parts such as the cornea, iris, pupil, eye lens, ciliary muscles, retina, and vitreous humour. It discusses the eye's power of accommodation, how it adjusts focus for near and distant objects, and outlines common vision defects like myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia, and cataracts, along with their corrections. The document explains how the eye functions and the ways vision can be corrected through various lenses and surgical procedures.Eye anatomy
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油
The document provides an extensive overview of the anatomy and physiology of the eye, detailing structures such as the cornea, sclera, ciliary body, lens, and various chambers filled with aqueous humour. It describes the function of the lacrimal system in tear drainage and the role of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium in visual processing. Additionally, it discusses eye muscles and their coordination for eye movement, as well as conditions affecting eyelid function and tear production.More from Hindustan Latex Family Planning Promotion Trust (HLFPPT) (20)
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