Non conventional farming
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Non-conventional farming uses modified methods of growing crops and animals that differ from traditional practices, including organic farming without synthetic fertilizers, grow boxes that enclose plant growth in limited spaces, and urban agriculture within cities which provides greenery and opportunities for individuals to experience plant growth while removing carbon dioxide from polluted areas.
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Method of non conventional farming systems
Method of non conventional farming systemsDamion Robertson`
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This document discusses several non-conventional farming systems:
Organic farming uses techniques like crop rotation and compost to cultivate land without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. Hydroponics grows plants without soil by suspending roots in nutrient solutions. A grow box is an enclosed container that creates ideal indoor conditions for growing plants using hydroponics or soil. Trough culture grows crops in containers or structures and allows plants to be grown in places unsuitable for traditional farming. Urban and peri-urban farming cultivates crops and raises animals in and around cities to provide fresh food and income opportunities for urban communities.Breeding Methods in Cross Pollinated crops, Mass Selection, Ear to row method...
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Germination is the growth of a plant contained within a seed; it results in the formation of the seedling, it is also the process of reactivation of metabolic machinery of the seed resulting in the emergence of radical and plumule.
All fully developed seeds contain an embryo and in most plant species some store of food reserves, wrapped in a seed coat. Some plants produce varying numbers of seeds that lack embryos; these are called empty seeds and never germinate. Dormant seeds are ripe seeds that do not germinate because they are subject to external environmental conditions that prevent the initiation of metabolic processes and cell growth. Under proper conditions, the seed begins to germinate and the embryonic tissues resume growth, developing towards a seedling
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- Maize originated in Mexico around 12,000-6,000 years ago from a wild grass called teosinte. Over generations of cultivation and selection by humans, teosinte evolved into modern maize through the accumulation of mutations.
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This document discusses the mass selection method of plant breeding. Mass selection involves selecting individual plants based on phenotype from a mixed population, bulking their seeds to grow the next generation. It is one of the oldest methods of crop improvement and can be used for both self- and cross-pollinated species. The goals of mass selection are to increase the frequency of superior genotypes, purify mixed populations, and develop new cultivars by improving average population performance through repeated selection and seed bulking over multiple generations. crop weed competition - by Anjali (IGKV RAIPUR, C.G)
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2) There are two types of heritability - broad sense considers total genetic variance, narrow sense only considers additive variance. Narrow sense is more useful for plant breeding.
3) Genetic advance is the improvement in mean genotypic value from selection, and depends on genetic variability, heritability, and selection intensity. It is estimated using a formula incorporating heritability and phenotypic standard deviation.LINKAGE AND ITS ESTIMATION.pdf
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1. Maize (Zea mays) is an annual plant originally from Central Mexico and South America. It has a solid stem that bears opposite leaves and produces a male tassel flower at the top and female cob flowers.
2. Detasseling is removing the tassel before pollen is shed to prevent self-pollination. There are three main crossing techniques - the bottle method uses a detached tassel in a bottle, the overall method bags the whole plant, and plot isolation physically separates plants.
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This document discusses male sterility in flowering plants. It defines male sterility and describes the different types including chemically induced, cytoplasmic, genetic, temperature sensitive, and photoperiodic sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility is further divided into normal cytoplasm sterile and cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility. The document also covers the transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility to new strains through backcrossing methods over 6-7 generations, and lists advantages like simplifying hybrid seed production and allowing diverse germplasm, as well as disadvantages like environmental effects impacting seed purity.Distant Hybridization: An Introduction
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This document provides an introduction to distant hybridization, which involves crossing individuals from different plant species or genera. It discusses the history of distant hybridization, features such as hybrid fertility levels, and barriers like cross incompatibility and hybrid sterility. Techniques for overcoming these barriers are described, such as embryo rescue and chromosome doubling. The roles of distant hybridization in crop improvement through traits like disease resistance are explained. Limitations and achievements in producing new varieties through distant hybridization are also summarized.Suganthi organic farming
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This document discusses the mass selection method of plant breeding. Mass selection involves selecting individual plants based on phenotype from a mixed population, bulking their seeds to grow the next generation. It is one of the oldest methods of crop improvement and can be used for both self- and cross-pollinated species. The goals of mass selection are to increase the frequency of superior genotypes, purify mixed populations, and develop new cultivars by improving average population performance through repeated selection and seed bulking over multiple generations. crop weed competition - by Anjali (IGKV RAIPUR, C.G)
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This document discusses weed interference and competition in crops. It defines key terms like interference, competition, critical period of weed competition, and weed shift. It explains that competition is the struggle for limited resources like water, nutrients, light and space between crops and weeds. The critical period is when maximum competition occurs. Environmental, crop and weed factors influence competition. Weed shifts occur when management does not control the entire weed community. Rotating herbicides and using proper rates and timing can help prevent shifts in weed populations.Mc qs of plant breeding
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This document contains 105 multiple choice questions related to plant breeding and genetics. The questions cover topics such as the fathers of plant tissue culture, botany, genetics and zoology. They also cover concepts in meiosis, mitosis, cell structure, molecular genetics, breeding methods, and important figures and locations in the history of agriculture and plant science. The document tests fundamental knowledge of concepts and terminology in plant breeding, genetics, and related agricultural sciences.Wide cross and Bridge species
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油
The document discusses the history and techniques of distant hybridization or wide crosses between plant species. It begins by defining distant hybridization as crosses between individuals of different genera within the same family or different species within the same genus. Some early examples of wide crosses are mentioned from the 18th century. The document then discusses the three types of crosses that can result from wide crosses - fully fertile, partially fertile, and fully sterile - and provides cotton examples. Intergeneric hybridization is described using the example of Triticale, a wheat-rye hybrid. The main challenges of wide crosses, including cross incompatibility, hybrid inviability, sterility and breakdown are outlined. Techniques to overcome these barriers, such as bridge crosses,Modes of Pollination: self and cross pollination
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油
This document discusses modes of pollination in plants, including self-pollination and cross-pollination. It describes mechanisms that promote each type of pollination, such as bisexual flowers, homogamy, and cleistogamy enabling self-pollination, and dicliny, dichogamy, heterostyly enabling cross-pollination. The mode of pollination impacts plant breeding by influencing gene action, genetic constitution, adaptability, genetic purity, and gene transfer. Determining the percentage of cross-pollination is important for understanding a species' pollination mode.heritability, genetic advance ,G*E interaction
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1) Heritability is the ratio of genotypic variance to total phenotypic variance, expressed as a percentage. It estimates the heritable portion of phenotypic variation.
2) There are two types of heritability - broad sense considers total genetic variance, narrow sense only considers additive variance. Narrow sense is more useful for plant breeding.
3) Genetic advance is the improvement in mean genotypic value from selection, and depends on genetic variability, heritability, and selection intensity. It is estimated using a formula incorporating heritability and phenotypic standard deviation.LINKAGE AND ITS ESTIMATION.pdf
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This document discusses linkage, which is the tendency of genes located physically close to each other on a chromosome to be inherited together. The closer the genes are, the greater the chance they will be inherited together. Linkage was first reported in 1906 and describes two phenomena: coupling, where dominant alleles are inherited together, and repulsion, where they are inherited separately. The document provides an example of linkage in maize, describing two experimental crosses and their progeny.Foddercrops
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油
Guinea grass, Gamba grass, Setaria grass, and Hybrid Napier are popular fodder grasses suited for the agro-climatic conditions of Kerala. Guinea grass thrives in warm, moist climates from sea level to 1800m altitude, tolerates shade, and is well-suited as an intercrop. It provides high yields and is nutritious for livestock. Gamba grass tolerates drought and seasonal flooding. Setaria grass grows well with annual rainfall over 750mm and a temperature range of 20-25属C. Hybrid Napier was developed as a cross between Napier grass and bajra to combine high yields with fine texture, palatability, and drought resistance.Agron 201.pptx
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油
The document provides information about Kharif crops, which are monsoon crops grown between May-June and harvested from September to October. It focuses on rice as a Kharif crop, describing its botanical characteristics, climatic requirements, soil requirements, economic importance, and agronomic practices for cultivation including land preparation, transplanting methods, and weed control. Key details covered include rice being a staple food crop in Asia, requiring warm and humid conditions with ample rainfall or irrigation, and common practices like raising nurseries, applying organic manures, and using herbicides to control weeds.History of plant breeding
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油
This document provides a detailed history of plant breeding from pre-Mendelian era to modern era in 4 parts:
1) Pre-Mendelian era discussed early domestication and experimentation before Mendel's work.
2) Mendelian era covered rediscovery of Mendel's laws and initial application to plant breeding in early 1900s.
3) Post-Mendelian era saw expansion of genetics knowledge and techniques like hybrid development.
4) Modern era discussed major developments like green revolution varieties, biotechnology, and institutional growth in India.BREEDING METHODS IN CROSS POLLINATED CROPS
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油
This ppt illustrate about various breeding method used in cross pollinated crops. best breeding methods available for cross pollinated crops. basic introduction of cross pollination mechanism.Maize
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油
1. Maize (Zea mays) is an annual plant originally from Central Mexico and South America. It has a solid stem that bears opposite leaves and produces a male tassel flower at the top and female cob flowers.
2. Detasseling is removing the tassel before pollen is shed to prevent self-pollination. There are three main crossing techniques - the bottle method uses a detached tassel in a bottle, the overall method bags the whole plant, and plot isolation physically separates plants.
3. Pollination is most successful 3-5 days after silk emergence, though pollination can occur up to 8 days later with lower seed set. Self-pollinationWheat
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油
This document discusses the breeding of wheat. It begins by outlining the taxonomy of wheat and providing an introduction. It then discusses the history of wheat cultivation and its origin. The document outlines the major species of wheat that are commercially grown, including bread wheat, durum wheat, and emmer wheat. It also discusses wheat production globally and in India. The document concludes by discussing future areas of focus in wheat breeding, including improving yield potential and abiotic/biotic stress resistance.Inbred line
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油
This document discusses the development of inbred lines through repeated self-pollination and selection over multiple generations. It describes how inbred lines are developed from variable source populations in both self- and cross-pollinated crops using methods like pedigree selection. Inbred lines are homozygous genotypes that are then used to produce hybrid varieties which benefit from heterosis or hybrid vigor. The document outlines the procedures for inbred line development and some of the early hybrid varieties released for important crops in India.Hybrid breeding in plants
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油
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油
This document provides information about organic farming in India. It discusses the emergence and growth of organic agriculture in India. The area under certified organic farming in India has grown nearly 29-fold in the last 5 years, reaching over 4.48 million hectares by 2010, including 1.08 million hectares of cultivated area and 3.4 million hectares of wild harvest collection. The growth includes farmers adopting organic practices for traditional reasons, to address issues with conventional farming, and commercially to access premium markets.Cotton
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油
This document provides information about cotton breeding. It discusses the origin and distribution of cotton, the four cultivated species, and their progenitors. It describes the floral biology and breeding objectives of cotton such as high yield, early maturity, fiber quality, and disease/pest resistance. The document outlines cotton breeding procedures including introduction, selection, hybridization, heterosis breeding, and special techniques. It discusses hybrid seed production methods and challenges with using male sterile lines. The document also mentions mutation breeding, population improvement approaches used in the US, and biotechnology applications in cotton. It lists some important cotton breeding centers and popular varieties and hybrids developed.Define Male Sterility, Types, transfer of CMS to the new strain, Limitations,...
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油
This document discusses male sterility in flowering plants. It defines male sterility and describes the different types including chemically induced, cytoplasmic, genetic, temperature sensitive, and photoperiodic sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility is further divided into normal cytoplasm sterile and cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility. The document also covers the transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility to new strains through backcrossing methods over 6-7 generations, and lists advantages like simplifying hybrid seed production and allowing diverse germplasm, as well as disadvantages like environmental effects impacting seed purity.Distant Hybridization: An Introduction
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This document provides an introduction to distant hybridization, which involves crossing individuals from different plant species or genera. It discusses the history of distant hybridization, features such as hybrid fertility levels, and barriers like cross incompatibility and hybrid sterility. Techniques for overcoming these barriers are described, such as embryo rescue and chromosome doubling. The roles of distant hybridization in crop improvement through traits like disease resistance are explained. Limitations and achievements in producing new varieties through distant hybridization are also summarized.Similar to Non conventional farming (20)
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Nutritional Benefits: Tindora is rich in vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin C, making it an excellent addition to a healthy diet. It is known to help regulate blood sugar levels and has antioxidant properties.
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Organic farming aims to work in harmony with nature rather than against it. It uses techniques like crop rotation, composting, and natural pest and disease control to achieve good crop yields without harming the environment or people. The key principles of organic farming include building soil fertility, controlling pests through natural means, careful water and animal management, and combining diverse techniques for maximum benefit.Organic food vs commercial poison by aradhana priyadarsini
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Organic farming aims to produce crops without synthetic chemicals or fertilizers in a way that is environmentally friendly. It uses techniques like composting, crop rotation, and mulching to improve soil health and nutrient levels. Choosing crops suited to the local climate and maintaining biodiversity are also important. Pests are managed through cultural practices, biological controls, and attractants rather than pesticides to establish a natural balance. The document provides an overview of the history, principles and methods of organic farming.Organic food v
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Organic farming involves producing crops and livestock without synthetic chemicals or fertilizers. It works with nature rather than against it. Organic farming was originally practiced for thousands of years and has seen a revival movement. Methods like composting, crop rotation, mulching and green manures are used to nourish soil and provide nutrients to crops. Biodiversity is important for controlling pests naturally. Weeds are managed through cultural practices rather than chemicals. Natural pest and disease control aims to restore balance rather than eradicate pests.Project File -Organic Gardening
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Organic gardening involves growing plants without synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and supports the health of the soil ecosystem. It aims to produce food sustainably by balancing ecology and preventing pest problems. Organic farming uses organic fertilizers which enhance soil structure and water retention, unlike regular farming which can pollute groundwater with chemicals. Organic techniques like composting, crop rotation and biological pest control reduce non-renewable energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional agriculture. The benefits of organic gardening include protecting families from toxic pesticide residues, and producing food that is higher in nutrients that help prevent cancer.agriculture practices.
agriculture practices.KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, .J.N.U., NEW DELHI, INDIA-110067
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This document outlines the key steps in the agricultural process, including soil preparation, sowing, fertilization, irrigation, weed protection, harvesting, and storage. Soil is prepared through tillage or chemicals to kill weeds. Seeds are soaked, cleaned, and sown into the soil. Manure and fertilizers are added to provide nutrients for growth. Irrigation supplies water, while weed protection controls unwanted plants. Crops are harvested using machines or by hand, then stored correctly to prevent quality loss or pest damage over time.Companion Planting and Organic Farming - HDRA
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Organic farming aims to achieve good crop yields without harming the environment or people. It uses techniques like crop rotation, composting, mulching and green manures to improve soil quality and control pests without using synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. Organic farmers work with nature rather than against it to create a balanced system where crops and animals can thrive.What is Organic Farming - The Basics !
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Organic farming aims to achieve good crop yields without harming the environment or people. It uses techniques like crop rotation, composting, mulching and green manures to improve soil quality and control pests without using synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. Organic farmers work with nature rather than against it to create a balanced system where crops and animals can thrive.Vikram
Vikramvikramsingh1357
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This document provides an overview of organic farming principles and practices in India. It discusses the historical background and concepts of organic farming. Key principles of organic farming include avoiding synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, using crop rotations and organic waste to maintain soil health. Common organic farming techniques described are using organic manures, vermi-composting, biofertilizers, green manuring, and biological control of pests. The document also addresses certification standards and commodities grown organically in India.Organic rice A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor Agricult...
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This document discusses organic rice production compared to conventional rice production. Organic rice farmers use alternative methods to control weeds like crop rotations and flooding fields, rather than chemical herbicides. They also use natural practices like crop rotations, cover crops, and manures to maintain soil fertility instead of chemical fertilizers. To control pests and diseases, organic farmers rely on timely planting, variety selection, and cultural practices rather than pesticides. Organic rice is often sold as brown rice and allowed to fully mature in the field.Southern SAWG- Big yields in small spaces
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Urban Harvest is a Houston non-profit that seeks to develop the local food movement through community gardens and education. Founded in 1994 by Bob Randall using permaculture principles, its goal is to teach Houstonians to grow their own food. Permaculture focuses on maximizing outputs while minimizing inputs through techniques like vertical gardening, succession planting, and attracting beneficial insects. The document provides guidance on site selection, soil building, crop spacing, and organic pest control methods to help gardens thrive in small urban spaces.Organic Farming (1).ppt
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This document provides an overview of organic farming. It defines organic farming according to various organizations and discusses its key principles of maintaining soil fertility and avoiding synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The document notes that organic farming has origins in ancient agricultural practices and discusses pioneers like Albert Howard. It outlines the components of organic farming including use of organic manures and biological pest and disease management. The document also discusses benefits and limitations of organic farming and provides recommendations for its adoption.Recently uploaded (20)
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Non conventional farming
- 2. What is non conventional farming? Non conventional farming is a type of farming that uses, modified methods of growing crops and rearing animals.
- 3. Types of non conventional farming Organic farming Grow boxes Trough culture Peri-urban farming
- 4. Organic farming Organic farming, farming that uses non synthetic fertilizers or soil amendments and environmentally friendly pesticides.
- 5. Grow box A grow box is a partially or completely enclosed system of growing plants. They are used when there is not available space To protect plants from pest Grow plants at a time when climatic condition wouldnt otherwise permit
- 6. Urban agriculture The system of growing and distributing crops and animals within a urban setting. Provides greenery Gives individual a chance to experience plant growth Plants remove carbon dioxide from otherwise polluted spaces