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Norman conquest

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The Norman conquest of England began in 1066 with William, Duke of Normandy's invasion and victory over the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. Harold's army was weakened from a recent victory in the north over the Norwegians. William went on to secure control of England through military force and established Norman rule, replacing the English aristocracy and imposing Norman French language and culture, transforming England. The conquest had wide-ranging and long-lasting influences by linking England more closely to continental Europe and lessening Scandinavian impact.

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Norman conquest
Norman Conquest
Contents The Beginning Harolds army The soldiers Edward the Confessor The tactics William the Conqueror English emigration Influence Language
The Beginning The Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy, who became known as William the Conqueror after his victory at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, defeating the then king Harold II of England.
Harolds army Harold's army was badly depleted in the English victory at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in Northern England on 25 September 1066 over the army of King Harald III of Norway. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued to approximately 1088.
The soldiers
Edward the Confessor He was half-Norman by birth and had spent most of his life in Normandy; he appointed Normans to important positions in the state . England was already half 'Normanized' before the Norman Conquest of 1066. Across the Channel in Normandy, 舒 loud protest was heard. According to Duke William, Edward the Confessor had made the same promise to him; what was more, Harold had already accepted William's claim during 舒 visit to Normandy two years before.
The tactics William swept across the Channel with his army and landed near Hastings. Harold was in the north, where he had just defeated 舒 Norse invasion, but he hurried south and, brave but foolish, offered battle. His men were tired and he would have done better to have starved the Normans out. Still, his position on 舒 hill was 舒 strong one, until the Normans, pretending to run away, lured the English down the hill.
William the Conqueror At first he moved gently, and tried to disturb Anglo-Saxon institutions as little as possible. England already possessed better government machinery than Normandy, so that was only sensible. But rebellions against the Normans provoked him into harsher action. In the north, his soldiers swept through the country like fire. Between York and Durham they left hardly 舒 building standing. William ruled Normandy as well as England, and for the next 500 years English kings also held land in France.
English emigration Large numbers of English people, especially from the dispossessed former landowning class, ultimately found Norman domination unbearable and emigrated. Scotland and the Byzantine Empire were particularly popular destinations, while others settled in Ireland (as did Godwine and Magnus, sons of Harold Godwinson), Scandinavia and perhaps as far afield as Russia and the coasts of the Black Sea. Many English nobles and soldiers migrated to Byzantium, where they became the predominant element in the elite Varangian Guard, hitherto a largely Scandinavian unit, from which the emperor's bodyguard was drawn. English Varangians continued to serve the empire until at least the mid-fourteenth century.
Influence The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. It largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England.
Influence The Conquest caused sweeping changes among the leading land- holding families. There were Norman landlords before 1066, but most were Anglo-Saxon or Danish. Within twenty years, all Williams chief tenants were Normans. As 舒 sign of the change, stone castles rose threateningly at every strongpoint, and work was started on the great cathedrals in the cities. In the early stages of construction, the two types of building looked alike - 舒 sign of the alliance in Norman England of the powers of Church and State.
Influence Normans quickly adapted to the indigenous culture, renouncing paganism and converting to Christianity. They adopted the langue d'o誰l of their new home and added features from their own Norse language, transforming it into the Norman language. They further blended into the culture by intermarrying with the local population.
Influence By bringing England under the control of rulers originating in France, the Norman conquest linked the country more closely with continental Europe, lessened Scandinavian influence, and set the stage for a rivalry with France that would continue intermittently for many centuries. It also had important consequences for the rest of the British Isles, paving the way for further Norman conquests in Wales and Ireland, and the extensive penetration of the aristocracy of Scotland by Norman and other French- speaking families, with the accompanying spread of continental institutions and cultural influences.
Language One of the most obvious changes was the introduction of Anglo-Norman, a northern dialect of Old French, as the language of the classes in England, displacing Old English. This predominance was further reinforced and complicated in the mid-twelfth century by an influx of followers of the Angevin dynasty, speaking a more mainstream dialect of French.
Events in the Norman Conquest
Conclusion The Norman Conquest was the last successful invasion of England by a foreign claimant. Others have tried such as the Spanish, the French, the Germans and failed. We can therefore look back on the Norman Conquest as helping to shape the England of the present. The importance of 1066 is seen in the permanence of those changes.
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Norman conquest

  • 3. Contents The Beginning Harolds army The soldiers Edward the Confessor The tactics William the Conqueror English emigration Influence Language
  • 4. The Beginning The Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy, who became known as William the Conqueror after his victory at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, defeating the then king Harold II of England.
  • 5. Harolds army Harold's army was badly depleted in the English victory at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in Northern England on 25 September 1066 over the army of King Harald III of Norway. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued to approximately 1088.
  • 7. Edward the Confessor He was half-Norman by birth and had spent most of his life in Normandy; he appointed Normans to important positions in the state . England was already half 'Normanized' before the Norman Conquest of 1066. Across the Channel in Normandy, 舒 loud protest was heard. According to Duke William, Edward the Confessor had made the same promise to him; what was more, Harold had already accepted William's claim during 舒 visit to Normandy two years before.
  • 8. The tactics William swept across the Channel with his army and landed near Hastings. Harold was in the north, where he had just defeated 舒 Norse invasion, but he hurried south and, brave but foolish, offered battle. His men were tired and he would have done better to have starved the Normans out. Still, his position on 舒 hill was 舒 strong one, until the Normans, pretending to run away, lured the English down the hill.
  • 9. William the Conqueror At first he moved gently, and tried to disturb Anglo-Saxon institutions as little as possible. England already possessed better government machinery than Normandy, so that was only sensible. But rebellions against the Normans provoked him into harsher action. In the north, his soldiers swept through the country like fire. Between York and Durham they left hardly 舒 building standing. William ruled Normandy as well as England, and for the next 500 years English kings also held land in France.
  • 10. English emigration Large numbers of English people, especially from the dispossessed former landowning class, ultimately found Norman domination unbearable and emigrated. Scotland and the Byzantine Empire were particularly popular destinations, while others settled in Ireland (as did Godwine and Magnus, sons of Harold Godwinson), Scandinavia and perhaps as far afield as Russia and the coasts of the Black Sea. Many English nobles and soldiers migrated to Byzantium, where they became the predominant element in the elite Varangian Guard, hitherto a largely Scandinavian unit, from which the emperor's bodyguard was drawn. English Varangians continued to serve the empire until at least the mid-fourteenth century.
  • 11. Influence The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. It largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England.
  • 12. Influence The Conquest caused sweeping changes among the leading land- holding families. There were Norman landlords before 1066, but most were Anglo-Saxon or Danish. Within twenty years, all Williams chief tenants were Normans. As 舒 sign of the change, stone castles rose threateningly at every strongpoint, and work was started on the great cathedrals in the cities. In the early stages of construction, the two types of building looked alike - 舒 sign of the alliance in Norman England of the powers of Church and State.
  • 13. Influence Normans quickly adapted to the indigenous culture, renouncing paganism and converting to Christianity. They adopted the langue d'o誰l of their new home and added features from their own Norse language, transforming it into the Norman language. They further blended into the culture by intermarrying with the local population.
  • 14. Influence By bringing England under the control of rulers originating in France, the Norman conquest linked the country more closely with continental Europe, lessened Scandinavian influence, and set the stage for a rivalry with France that would continue intermittently for many centuries. It also had important consequences for the rest of the British Isles, paving the way for further Norman conquests in Wales and Ireland, and the extensive penetration of the aristocracy of Scotland by Norman and other French- speaking families, with the accompanying spread of continental institutions and cultural influences.
  • 15. Language One of the most obvious changes was the introduction of Anglo-Norman, a northern dialect of Old French, as the language of the classes in England, displacing Old English. This predominance was further reinforced and complicated in the mid-twelfth century by an influx of followers of the Angevin dynasty, speaking a more mainstream dialect of French.
  • 16. Events in the Norman Conquest
  • 17. Conclusion The Norman Conquest was the last successful invasion of England by a foreign claimant. Others have tried such as the Spanish, the French, the Germans and failed. We can therefore look back on the Norman Conquest as helping to shape the England of the present. The importance of 1066 is seen in the permanence of those changes.
  • 18. Thank you for your attention