Onion
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This document provides information about onions. It begins with welcoming the reader in Urdu and introducing the topic of onions. It then provides details about onions in 3 paragraphs. It discusses the origin of onions in Western Asia and India, their uses in cooking and as a vegetable, and some interesting facts about why onions make people cry. It continues with several paragraphs about growing onions, including their planting times, fertilizer needs, planting methods, and harvesting. It concludes by listing some common onion varieties grown in Pakistan and noting average onion yields.
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Onion
- 3. FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BAHAUDDIN ZIKRIYA UNIVERSITY MULTAN
- 4. NAJJA TARIQ 6-A PRESENTED BY: PRESENTED TO: Prof. Dr HABIB UR REHMAN
- 9. Common Name Onion(English), Piaz(In Urdu) Technical Name Allium cepa L. Family Amaryllidaceae It belongs to the Bulb Crops and is biennial or long-season annual plant
- 12. Orignated in Afganistan, area of Tajikstan and Uzbekstan, western Tien Shan, and India. Western Asia and the areas around the Mediterranean Sea are secondry source of development.
- 13. Areas of origin
- 14. Consumed both in their early green stage (spring onions) and after the bulb mature Used by poor & rich but often called poor mans food Used in Soups, meat dishes, salads,sandwiches and also as vegetable Its seed KALWANJI is also edible
- 15. Onion Seed Seeds separating from dry flower
- 16. When onion is cut, it irritates the eyes and stimulate the tear glands to produce tears.Chopping and crushing onions release health-benefiting compounds. These compound help cleaning our eyes. So dont stop chopping and cutting the onion Interesting Facts
- 17. Onion Makes Us Cry What Makes Onion Cry?
- 19. Contains: Starch Sugars Protein Vitamins (A,B & C) Pungency is due to Volatile oil (allyl propyl disulphide)
- 20. Onion Lower blood pressure Lessen occurance of cancer Antiseptic for insect bites Anti diabatic Antiaging Stimulate hair regrowth
- 21. Onion is cool season crop Essential requirements for bulbs formation of most of commertial varieties are: 1-Long Photoperiod 2-High Temperature
- 22. It can grow on nearly all types of soils but more suitable soils are: 1-Fertile 2-Rich in humus 3-Well drained Optimum pH range from 5.8-6.5 It is sensitive to high acidity
- 23. Sowing Transplanting Early planting JUNE-SEPTEMBER JULY-OCTOBER In plains of Pakistan Winter crop mid OCT-end NOV DECEMBER and EARLY JANUARY For Spring crop seeds are sown earlier In the hills MARCH-JUNE - It varies with Locality Type of onion Method of propagation
- 24. Application of fertilizers depends on soil type, previous fertilizer applications & crop purpose. Due to limited root system, they responds to good fertilizer practices on almost any soil. Recommendations: 1-FYM=40-50 t/ha 2-NPK=120-60-60 kg/ha Half dose of N is to be top dressed after one month; the rest at the time of transplanting
- 25. There are 3 methods commonly used in planting onions 1. Seed (direct seeding) 2. Seedling plants or Transplants They are grown on nursary. They are the easiest to plant and the earliest to harvest 3. Sets (small partely grown onion bulbs)
- 26. Onion Nursary
- 27. Sowing of Onion Sets on Ridges
- 28. Seed rate depend upon the: 1-Purpose of planting 2-Distance In nursery (8-10 kg/ha) For direct sowing (25 kg/ha) For bulb sowing (we use 1000-1200 kg bulbs/ha)
- 29. Seedlings are transplanted onto ridges or beds Recommended distances: 1-Ridges to ridges=60 cm 2-Plant to plant=10-15 cm Plant population=50-62 plants/square meter
- 30. Onion Plantation
- 31. Onion Plantation
- 32. Correct timing depend upon the following factors: 1-Soil 2-Current weather conditions 3-Age of the crop Seedbed is irrigated just after transplanting It is stoped when the tops mature and start falling
- 33. Mature Ripe Bulb When bulb is ripe and firm and tops start dropping just above the bulb while the leaves are still green Green Bunch Onions When they are about diameter of lead pencil and a small bulb is formed Harvested as
- 34. Harvested green bunch onion
- 35. Harvested Onions
- 36. Harvested Onions
- 37. Manual Harvesting Mechanical harvesting
- 38. Pindi Red Ghotki Local White Desi Red Phulkara Red Nasik
- 40. A yield of 25-30 t/ha has been recorded
- 41. Thank You