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 Introduction
 Oushadha
 Oushadhatwa of dravya
 Principle
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com

INTRODUCTION
 xÉuÉïqÉçSììurÉqÉçmÉÉlcÉpÉÉæÌiÉMüqÉçAÎxqÉ³ÉjÉåï| cÉ.xÉÔ 26.10
All substances in the universe is made up of
Panchamahabhutas.
Human body is also composed of Panchamahabhutas.

pÉÔiÉåprÉÉåÌWûmÉUÇrÉxqÉÉiÉçlÉÉÎxiÉÍcÉliÉÉÍcÉÌMüÎixÉiÉå| xÉÑ zÉÉ 1.13
 Because human body and dravya has got
panchabhoota composition,no other substance
without Panchbhootas can be used in treatments.
aÉÑhÉÉrÉE£üÉSìèurÉåwÉÑzÉUÏUåwuÉÌmÉiÉåiÉjÉÉ|
xjÉÉlÉuÉ×Î®¤ÉrÉiÉxqÉÉSèSåÌWlÉÉåSìèurÉWåûiÉÑMüÉ:||xÉÑ xÉÔ 2
SìèurÉUxÉaÉÑhÉuÉÏrÉïÌuÉmÉÉMüÌlÉÍqÉ¨ÉåcÉ¤ÉrÉuÉ×Î®SÉåwÉÉhÉÉÇ
xÉÉqrÉqÉçcÉ|
xÉÑ.xÉÔ 46
Vridhi, kshaya and samavastha of doshas are under the
control of dravyas , ie, their properties..

AlÉålÉ ÌlÉSzÉïlÉålÉ lÉÉlÉÉæwÉÍkÉpÉÑiÉqÉç eÉaÉÌiÉ ÌMÇüÍcÉiÉç SìèurÉqÉÎxiÉ |
xÉÑ xÉÔ 41.5
Being panchabhoutika all dravyas in the universe
can be considered as oushadha.

OUSHADHA
In Amarakosa oushadha is a synonym of chikitsa
 AÉæwÉkÉqÉçUÉåaÉÌlÉuÉÉUMüqÉçSìurÉqÉç | cÉ.xÉÔ 1.32
 uÉæ±ÉåurÉÉÍkÉqÉçWûUåiÉçrÉålÉiÉiÉçSìurÉqÉç
mÉëÉå£üqÉÉæwÉkÉqÉç| pÉÉ.mÉë
Dravya prescribed by Physician for the treatment
of disease is oushadha.

 Dravya is one among the chikitsa chatushpadas .
 An ideal dravya must possess the following
charecteristics:
oÉWÒûiÉÉiÉ§ÉrÉÉåarÉiuÉqÉlÉåMüÌuÉkÉMüsmÉlÉÉ|
xÉÇmÉccÉåÌiÉcÉiÉÑwMüÉårÉÇSìèurÉÉhÉÉÇaÉÑhÉEcrÉiÉå|| A xÉÇ xÉÔ. 1
 Bahuta- should be abundantly available.
 Yogyatwa- should be of maximum utility.
 Anekavidha kalpana- should be made into different
formulations.
 Sampath- should possess best qualities.

OUSHADHATWA OF DRAVYA
UxÉMüsMüÉÌSMüsmÉlÉÉÍxÉ®qÉÉæwÉkÉqÉç
 For treatment Dravya must be Kalpana Sidha ,ie,
undergone samskaras like Swarasa , Kalka etc.
 But sometimes we use dravya itself without any
kalpana
eg – Eranda thaila for virechana.
In that case physician may prescribe oushadha
according to rogi and rogaavastha in correct dose.

 In all cases dravya may not be considered as
oushadha eventhough kalpana sidha.It will
change according to rogavastha.
eg- Khadira in Kushta & Nisa in Prameha.
* Also a dravya which is to be used externally
may not be oushadha if used internally.
* Oushadatwa of dravya also change according to
bheshaja kaalas.

 So dravya is called as oushadha when it is
used or given to maintain normal health and
relief from disease.
 To pacify disease it is used in
* proper union- Yukti
* after proper kalpana - swarasa etc
* in proper time - kaala
* in proper combination – samyoga
* in proper dosage - maatra.

 All these depends on decision of Vaidya.
 He will prescribe a dravya as oushadha after roga
and rogi pariksha.
 This is termed as Yuktipurvaka chikitsa.

PRINCIPLE BEHIND THE USE OF DRAVYA
AS OUSHADHA
SAMANA VRIDHI SIDHANTA
xÉuÉïSÉ xÉuÉïpÉÉuÉÉlÉÉqÉç xÉÉqÉÉlrqÉç uÉ×Î®MüÉUhÉÇ |
¾ûÉxÉWåûiÉÑ ÌuÉzÉåwÉ¶É ...........|| cÉxÉÔ 1.44
The same qualities of a dravya will increase that
particular property while opposite qualities will decrease
the property.
This principle is applied in treatment to keep human body
in normal state.
 Therefore even simple plants , mutra, mala etc to precious
gems or stones can be used to treat diseases.

INTRODUCTION
 7 padarthas in dravya guna sastra
 ie dravya ,rasa, guna, virya, vipaka, prabhava and
karma.
 Among them dravya is considered pradhana.
 Susrutha &Nagarjuna explains the importance
of each padartha.

 Susrutha in Sutrasthana 40 th chapter enumerates following
yuktis to establish dravya pradhanya.
 1. Vyavasthitatwa
 2. Nityatwa
 3. Swajatyavasthana.
 4.Panchendriyagrahana
 5.Asrayatwa
 6.Aramba samarthya
 7.Sastra pramanya
 8.Kramapekshitatwa.
 9.Ekadesasadhyatwa.
Apart from these,Acharya Nagarjuna has given below concepts
also –
 1.Taratama yoganupalabdi
 2.Vikalpa samarthya
 3.Pratighata samarthya.

VYAVASTHITATWA
 Means sthiratwa - stability
(Vachaspatya&Sabdakalpadruma)
urÉuÉÎxjÉiÉiuÉÉiÉç CWû ZÉsÉÑ SìèurÉÇ urÉuÉÎxjÉiÉÇ lÉ UxÉÉSrÉ:|
xÉÑxÉÔ 40.3
 Dravya will always be stable but guna and karma are
unstable.
Jambu phala - colour
Bala - durva angura
Purna - mechaka varna
Pakwa – anjana sannibha

NITYATWA
 Means Saswatatwam
ÌlÉirÉiuÉÉŠ,ÌlÉirÉÇ ÌWû SìurÉÇ AÌlÉirÉÉ aÉÑhÉÉ:xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.3
ÌlÉirÉiuÉÇcÉ SìurÉÉhÉÉÇMüÉsÉmÉËUhÉÉqÉålÉÉlrÉjÉÉpÉÉuÉåÌmÉ
iÉSåuÉåSÍqÉÌiÉmÉëirÉÍpÉerÉÉrÉqÉÉlÉiuÉÉSuÉaÉliÉurÉqÉç|WûÉ
 Dravya is permanent but due to the effect of
kala, jala, vata etc, rasadi guna will become less
or changed.

SWAJATYAVASTHANA
xuÉeÉÉirÉuÉxjÉÉlÉÉŠ,rÉjÉÉÌWû mÉÉÍjÉïuÉqÉçSìèurÉqÉlrÉpÉÉuÉÇlÉ
aÉŠirÉåuÉÇzÉåwÉÉÍhÉ | xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.3
 Even in the process of change that occurs in a
dravya , its homologus constitution remains
unchanged.
 eg- Dadhi is parthiva but rasa will change as
Ist Madhura - P + J
later Amla - P + A

PANCHENDRIYA GRAHANA
mÉlcÉåÎlSìrÉaÉëWûhÉÉŠ,mÉlcÉÍpÉËUÎlSìrÉæaÉ×ï½iÉåSìurÉqÉç lÉ
UxÉÉSrÉ:|
xÉÑ xÉÔ40.3
 Being panchabhoutika , guna of dravya is
perceived by 5 jnanendriyas.
 But rasadis can be known by a single indriya.

ASRAYATWA
 Means dependence
A´ÉrÉiuÉÉŠ,SìurÉÉÍ´ÉiÉÉUxÉÉSrÉ:|
xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.3
 Dravya is the recepticle for guna & karma .
 Without dravya these properties cannot be
exhibited
 They are always in cohesion with dravya.

ARAMBASAMARTHYA
 Aramba means upakarma - a synonym of chikitsa
AÉUqpÉxÉÉqÉjrÉÉïŠ, SìurÉÉÍ´ÉiÉ AÉUqpÉ:| xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.3
 When we need a dravya for treatment the vaidya will
ask to bring that dravya only ,not a dravya with particular
rasa or guna.
AÉUqpÉ¶É ÍcÉÌMüixÉÉrÉÉÇ Ì¢ürÉÉUqpÉ:| . . . . . . .AÌuÉMüsÉåÎlSìrÉ: mÉÑÂwÉ:
mÉëkÉÉlÉÉå SìwÉçOû mÉlMüÉåËUÌiÉ |
U uÉæ pÉ1.104
 A person with disability is inferior to a normal healthy
person.

SASTRAPRAMANYA
zÉÉx§ÉmÉëÉqÉÉhrÉÉŠ,zÉÉx§ÉåÌWû SìèurÉqÉç mÉëkÉÉlÉqÉÑmÉSåzÉå
ÌWû rÉÉåaÉÉlÉÉÇ. . . . . . . . xÉÑ xÉÔ40.3
 In classics, all dravyas used in treatments are
mentioned as gana or yoga that contain name
of dravyas not their rasadis.

KRAMAPEKSHITATWA
¢üqÉÉmÉåÍ¤ÉiÉiuÉÉŠ UxÉÉSÏlÉÉÇ,UxÉÉSrÉÉå ÌWû SìèurÉ¢üqÉqÉmÉå¤ÉliÉå|
S.Su40.3
 Rasadi of a dravya always depends upon present state of
dravya.
 When dravya is immature rasadi guna will also be
immature and when fully matured , rasadis also fully
matured.
eg- Amra
Bala- Increases vata & pitha
Purna - Increases pitha
Pakwa _ Decreases vata
CiÉUåwÉÉÇ SìurÉxrÉ AlÉÑÌuÉkÉÉlÉÉiÉç,SìurÉqÉlÉÑuÉiÉïiÉå ÌWû UxÉÉSrÉ:,aÉÑUÉå
ÍzÉwrÉÉ CÌiÉ
U uÉæ
 Anuvidhana- rasadis follows dravya like students andwww.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com

EKADESASADHYATWA
 Ekadesa means avayava, bhaga etc
LMüSåzÉxÉÉkrÉiuÉÉŠ,SìurÉÉhÉÉqÉåMüSåzÉålÉÉÌmÉurÉÉkÉrÉ:xÉÉ±liÉå....
xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.3
 Different parts of dravya are used separately for
their therapeutic action.
 Eg- Snuhi kshira , Twak of aswatha etc
 Also different parts of dravya sometimes possess
variation in rasadis.

TARATAMAYOGANUPALABDI
iÉUiÉqÉrÉÉåaÉÉåUxÉÉÌSwÉÑ SØ¹è :| . . . . . .SìèurÉåwÉÑ lÉÉÎxiÉ. . .
.iÉxqÉÉiÉçiÉUiÉqÉrÉÉåaÉÉpÉÉuÉÉiÉçUxÉÉÌSprÉÉåSèurÉqÉç
mÉëkÉÉlÉÍqÉÌiÉ| U uÉæ1.100
 As dravya is vyavasthita ,no grades of intensity
 But rasadis can exist in different grades of
intensity to exhibit different actions.
 Eg- Madhura – M tara & M tama
Mridu – samyak – Ativirechana.www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com

VIKALPA SAMARTHYA
ÌuÉÌuÉkÉ: MüsmÉÉåÌuÉMüsmÉ: MüsMüMüwÉÉrÉÉÌS pÉåSålÉ,. . . . . . .
iÉiÉçxÉuÉïqÉçSìèurÉxrÉåuÉlÉAlrÉxrÉåÌiÉ| UuÉæ1. 105
The different kalpanas are made only with dravya
but not with rasadi guna.

PRATIGHATASAMARTHYA
mÉëÌiÉbÉÉiÉqÉçAÉuÉUhÉqÉçiÉÎxqÉlÉçxÉÉqÉ±ïqÉçSìèurÉxrÉåuÉ
pÉuÉÌiÉ,qÉÔÌiÉïqÉiuÉÉiÉç|.. .. mÉëÌiÉbÉÉiÉxÉÉqÉ±ÉïiÉçxuÉxjÉÉlÉå
AlrÉxrÉÉlÉuÉMüÉzÉSÉlÉÉSèCÌiÉ | UuÉæ1.106
 Dravya is moorthiman –having material form
 They are avaranatmaka- occupy space
 According to this principle two dravyas cannot
occupy same place at the same time.

 Among the above yuktis asrayatwa is important.
SìèurÉqÉåuÉ UxÉÉSÏlÉÉÇ´Éå¹qÉç,iÉåÌWûiÉSÉ´ÉrÉÉ:| A.WØû xÉÔ 1.1
mÉÉMüÉålÉÉÎxiÉÌuÉlÉÉuÉÏrÉÉïiÉçuÉÏrÉïÇ lÉÉÎxiÉÌuÉlÉÉUxÉÉiÉç|
UxÉÉålÉÉÎxiÉÌuÉlÉÉSìurÉÉiÉçSìèurÉÇ ´Éå¹iÉqÉqÉçxqÉ×iÉqÉç| | xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.15
 Without virya no vipaka,without rasa no virya,
without dravya no rasa,so dravya is most
important. www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com

CONCLUSION
 Among the 7 padarthas of dravyaguna sastra
dravya is relatively more important as all other
properties depends on dravya for their existence.
eÉlqÉiÉÑSìèurÉUxÉrÉÉåUlrÉÉåmÉåÍ¤ÉMÇüxqÉ×iÉÇ|
AlrÉÉålrÉÉmÉåÍ¤ÉMÇüeÉlqÉrÉjÉÉxrÉÉ¬åWûSåÌWûlÉÉå|| xÉÑ xÉÔ40 16
Rasa,guna etc will have their genesis simultaneously with
dravya but not separately.Their relation is compared with
Deha & Dehi ie body and soul.

THANK YOU

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Oushadhatva & pradhanyatva of dravya

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