Peripheral Artery Disease [INFOGRAPHIC]

Jun 4, 201314 likes1,838 views

Leg pain limiting your lifestyle? You could be experiencing symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). PAD is a narrowing of the peripheral arteries, or hardening of the arteries, most commonly in the legs. A buildup of plaque restricts blood flow and causes leg pain, usually during physical activity. The walls of the arteries become stiff and cannot dilate to allow greater blood flow when needed.

1. The document discusses ovarian cancer, including its classification, risk factors, staging, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. Ovarian cancer is classified into epithelial tumors (90% of cases) and non-epithelial tumors. Epithelial tumors are further divided into serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, and other subtypes. 3. Treatment involves surgery to optimally debulk the tumor, followed by chemotherapy for most patients. Chemotherapy is also used for palliative purposes in advanced or recurrent disease.

Lung cancerAmjad Anwar

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Thyroid carcinomaSumer Yadav

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This document discusses thyroid cancer, including its various types and treatment. It notes that thyroid cancer accounts for less than 1% of all cancers. The main types are differentiated (papillary and follicular) and undifferentiated (anaplastic and medullary) cancers. Risk factors include radiation exposure, genetic mutations, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Symptoms include a thyroid mass or enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Treatment involves surgical resection of the thyroid and potentially lymph nodes, with total thyroidectomy performed for differentiated cancers. Prognostic factors help determine cancer risk and guide further treatment.

Pathology of CNS Tumours - LectureShashidhar Venkatesh Murthy

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The document discusses several types of central nervous system (CNS) tumors including gliomas, meningiomas, and pilocytic astrocytomas. Key points include: - Gliomas are the most common CNS tumors in adults and children arising from glial cells. Astrocytomas including glioblastoma multiforme are the most common gliomas. - Meningiomas arise from arachnoid granulation cells and are typically benign, slow growing tumors attached to the dura. - Pilocytic astrocytomas are a type of low-grade glioma that predominantly affects children and presents as a cystic mass with a mural nodule, often

04. thyroid tumorsFahad Zakwan

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- Thyroid tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are not cancerous and do not spread, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade nearby tissues and spread via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. - The major types of thyroid cancer are papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinoma. Papillary and follicular cancers together account for 80-90% of cases and generally have a good prognosis. Medullary cancer arises from C-cells and can be hereditary. Anaplastic carcinoma is very aggressive. - Risk factors for thyroid cancer include radiation exposure, family history, being female, older age, and iodine deficiency. Symptoms may

Familial adenomatous polyposisasteinman

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Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is caused by a mutation on chromosome 5 that affects the APC gene. This gene codes for a protein involved in cell adhesion and signaling. Mutations cause a shortened, non-functional protein. Symptoms include 100+ polyps in the colon and other areas that often become cancerous in the 40s. FAP is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, with a 50% risk of passing it on. Treatment involves regular screening to detect and treat polyps early. For severe cases, removal of the colon and rectum may be necessary. Relatives should also receive screening.

SplenomegalyRamzee Small

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Gastric CarcinomaSaeed Al-Shomimi

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The document discusses gastric carcinoma (stomach cancer). It provides details on risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing including endoscopy, staging, treatment options including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, complications, and prognostic factors. The highest rates of gastric cancer are seen in Japan, and it is more common in males and older individuals. Infection with H. pylori is a significant risk factor. Endoscopy with biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Treatment depends on staging but may include surgery such as total or subtotal gastrectomy. Prognosis depends on depth of invasion and lymph node involvement.

Treatment of Cancer of the EsophagusRobert J Miller MD

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This document discusses treatment options for cancer of the esophagus. It covers staging, endoscopic resection options for early stage cancers, preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery as standard treatment for locally advanced cancers, and types of surgery and postoperative care. Chemotherapy regimens including cisplatin and fluorouracil provide response rates of 20-30% for metastatic cancers. Overall, the document provides an overview of current guidelines and evidence for endoscopic, surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy approaches to esophageal cancer treatment based on tumor stage.

Thyroid Tumorsimrana tanvir

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This document discusses various types of thyroid tumors. It first covers thyroid carcinomas including papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, and other rare variants. Papillary carcinoma is the most common type and has characteristic nuclear features. Follicular carcinoma is diagnosed based on invasion of blood vessels or capsules. The document also discusses thyroid adenomas and other rare thyroid tumors. It provides detailed information on the histopathology, variants, molecular features, and prognosis of papillary and follicular carcinomas.

Carcinoma of breastSaurav Singh

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This document provides information about carcinoma of the breast, including: - The normal anatomy and structure of the breast. - The main types of breast cancer like ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma in situ, and invasive lobular carcinoma. - Risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods like imaging and biopsy, staging of breast cancer according to tumor size, lymph node involvement and metastasis. - Histological classification, morphology, gene expression patterns, and prognosis for different types of breast cancers.

Gastric cancerinternalmed

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Gastric cancer is a common cancer worldwide, with high rates in East Asia and Eastern Europe. Napoleon likely died from a stage IIIA gastric cancer based on historical accounts of his symptoms. For diagnosis, endoscopy with biopsy is needed but endoscopic ultrasound and CT scans can help determine tumor depth and metastasis. Treatment depends on stage - early cancers may be treated with endoscopic resection while later stages typically require surgical resection with chemotherapy sometimes used as adjuvant therapy or for palliation. Prognosis correlates with stage, with 5-year survival rates of 90%, 60%, 30%, 8% for stages I to IV respectively.

Breast cancer 2021Robert J Miller MD

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This document provides information about breast cancer trends and facts. It discusses: - Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Incidence rates have been rising but mortality rates have been declining since 1989 due to earlier detection and improved treatments. - Risk factors include age, family history, dense breasts, obesity, hormone therapy use, alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity. Molecular subtypes have different survival rates and prevalence among racial groups. - Screening guidelines and risk assessment tools can help determine screening recommendations for average and high-risk women. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and weight management may lower risk. Targeted therapies have improved survival for HER2

Carcinoma oesophagusDr Vandana Singh Kushwaha

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Paraneoplastic syndromeariva zhagan

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A paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease or symptom that is caused by cancer but is not due to direct involvement of cancer cells. They occur in 10-15% of cancer patients and are typically seen in lung, breast, ovarian, and lymphoma cancers. Paraneoplastic syndromes can be endocrine, neurological, mucocutaneous, or hematological in nature. Common endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes include Cushing syndrome, SIADH, hypercalcemia, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, hyperaldosteronism, and carcinoid syndrome, which result from hormones or cytokines secreted by tumor cells.

Diagnostic challenges in uterine mesenchymal tumorsMuneerah Saeed

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Multiple MyelomaAlan Teh

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Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce abnormal antibodies. It causes bone destruction and can damage the kidneys and suppress the bone marrow. While the cause is unknown, risk factors include age, family history, and exposure to radiation. Symptoms include bone pain, fatigue, recurrent infection, and kidney problems. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests and a bone marrow biopsy. Staging uses tests such as MRI, blood tests, and bone surveys. Treatment may include chemotherapy, steroids, radiation, stem cell transplants, and newer drugs that target specific pathways in myeloma cells. While not yet curable, novel agents have improved survival rates and quality of life compared to conventional chemotherapy alone.

Esophageal cancerKhem Chalise

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This document discusses malignant disorders of the esophagus, specifically esophageal cancer. It provides details on the two main types - squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is still more common worldwide, while adenocarcinoma is becoming more prevalent in the US and Europe. Risk factors include tobacco and alcohol consumption as well as conditions like Barrett's esophagus. Symptoms typically include dysphagia and weight loss. Diagnosis involves endoscopy with biopsy as well as imaging studies like CT and PET scans to stage the cancer.

Breast MassAsst.Prof.Dr.Terdsak Rojsurakitti

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The document provides information about breast anatomy, evaluation, benign and malignant breast lesions, staging of breast cancer, and treatment approaches. It discusses the functions and structure of the breast, methods of evaluation including mammography and biopsy, common benign lesions like fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor, staging using TNM classification, and treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy tailored to cancer stage and risk factors.

Principles of oncologysurgerymgmcri

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Principles of Oncology discusses the study, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors (neoplasms). It defines key terms like benign and malignant, carcinomas and sarcomas, and describes methods of examining and categorizing tumors microscopically and visually. Imaging, biopsies, and tumor markers are used to diagnose cancers before discussing common treatment techniques like surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.

Breast carcinoma pathologyKripa Vijay

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The document discusses breast carcinoma, the most common non-skin malignancy in women. It covers the main risk factors and genetic factors associated with breast carcinoma, including genes like BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, and HER2/neu. It also discusses the pathogenesis related to hormonal factors and classifies the different types of breast carcinomas from non-invasive to invasive varieties like ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma in situ, and invasive lobular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinomaJibran Mohsin

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The document discusses hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for 90% of cases. Risk factors include cirrhosis of the liver caused by hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol use, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chronic hepatitis B infection significantly increases the risk. The risk of developing HCC is also higher in men than women and increases with age. Precancerous lesions can develop due to chronic liver damage and increase the risk of HCC.

Liver tomoursyed ubaid

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The document discusses the workup and diagnosis of liver masses. It describes various benign and malignant liver lesions including hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma, liver cysts, hepatocellular carcinoma, and metastases. Multiphasic CT is useful for characterizing lesions based on enhancement patterns in the arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases. Biopsy may be needed to confirm diagnosis of suspicious lesions.

Neuroendocrine Tumors in 2019Mohamed Abdulla

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1. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are increasing in incidence and are often metastatic at diagnosis. They originate from neuroendocrine cells and secrete hormones. 2. Somatostatin analogues are first-line treatment for symptomatic control in NETs but resistance can develop. Chemotherapy has limited efficacy except in high-grade tumors. 3. Emerging biomarkers and molecular targeted therapies such as inhibitors of angiogenesis are improving outcomes beyond traditional approaches.

Early gastric cancerdguin111

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Multiple myeloma final 2018 updatedAmrinderSingh248

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This document provides information on multiple myeloma. Key points include: - Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells producing monoclonal immunoglobulins that can cause symptoms. - It occurs more commonly in older adults, blacks, and those with radiation/chemical exposure. Common signs are anemia, bone pain, elevated creatinine, and hypercalcemia. - Diagnosis requires clonal plasma cells ≥10% on bone marrow biopsy or related end organ damage like kidney impairment. Staging involves tests like SPEP, UPEP, and imaging to identify bone lesions.

Pheochromocytomajavad ghahremani

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Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-producing tumor that arises from chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system. It occurs in about 0.1-0.2% of hypertensive patients and can cause paroxysmal or sustained hypertension. Diagnosis involves measuring catecholamines or metanephrines in plasma or urine, which are elevated in most patients. Localization is typically done with CT or MRI imaging. Treatment involves pre-operative alpha-blockade to prevent hypertensive crises during tumor removal, followed by beta-blockers if needed. Complete surgical removal can cure patients if the tumor is benign.

MelanomaVaishnavi S Nair

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Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes. It is caused by unrepaired DNA damage and mutations in these cells that lead to uncontrolled growth. While not the most common cancer, melanoma is particularly dangerous due to its ability to spread quickly if not detected early. Risk factors include excessive sun exposure, the presence of many moles or abnormal moles, fair skin, and family history. There are different types of melanoma that can vary in appearance, location, and growth patterns. Early detection of melanoma greatly increases survival rates.

Behavior Health [INFOGRAPHIC]Johnston Health

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Peripheral Artery Disease [INFOGRAPHIC]

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