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Petronas Twin Towers

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My presentation about architecture and engineering of Malaysian's Petronas Towers. I think it will be useful for students of Civil Engineering

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Petronas Twin Towers Mateusz Gryglak
The Petronas Towers are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and remain the tallest twin towers in the world. The buildings are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, along with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower.
Petronas Twin Towers
Basic Information Architect: Cesar Pelli and Associates Client: Kuala Lumpur City Centre Holdings The development of the Petronas Twin Towers begun in 1990, and was completed in 1996 88 storey office towers, with a connecting sky bridge Tower one construction team: Led by Robert Pratt T1 Pinnacle Team Hazama Corp. Tower Two and skybridge construction team: Led by Jon Dunsford T2 Pinnacle Team Samsung C&T and Kukdong Engineers & Construction
Basic Information Estimated to build in 8 years, built in 6 years. Total cost: 1,6 billion $ Estimated to cost $700,000 each day of construction (about 8 years- $2 billions) thus, came under budget
The driver for the project was to build the tallest building, this was supported by the Malaysian Government, to boost their standing within the world Prime minister had a huge impact during the design stage of the two structures In 1990 planning begun, while in 1991 Cesar Pelli won the design for the towers The Twin Towers were assigned to two separate contractors, one for each tower; Samsung C&T and Hazama Group. This was to promote competition
Petronas Twin Towers
Scope Two 88 story towers with, a connecting bridge The sky bridge connecting the two structures was also designed to act as a emergency escape in the case of terroristic attacks and fires Pinnacles on top of the towers design to represent islamic culture The use of glass windows Strive for the tallest building and originality
Petronas Twin Towers
Petronas Twin Towers
Time The construction was estimated to take 8 years, however there was an eight month delay It was completed in 6 years, two years under what was predicted It was vital that the building was constructed to the management plan, as it would cost $700,000 per day after the deadline
Planning The Construction site was chosen: Kuala Lumpur Race Track Cesar Pellis designs for the towers were rejected by the Prime Minister, as they werent Malaysian enough, meaning that they didnt represent Islam sufficiently The Prime Minister begun to re-design the floor plan for the building, changing it to two interlocking squares, creating a shape of eight-pointed stars, which symbolize the islamic principles of unity within unity, harmony, stability, and rationality During the planning stage the cost estimation is determined. The Malaysian budget only allowed for 6 years of construction Additionaly, the planning stage is the final green light for the project to commence
Execution During the execution stage, the scope and schedule are identified and determined The schedule allowed for 4 days of construction per floor, it initially took 8 day, they had to construct uninterrupted, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week Construction began in early 1993
Petronas Twin Towers
Petronas Twin Towers
Execution A site establishment is conducted during this stage, however, the engineers discovered that there had never been a proper analysis of the site, the site came to a standstill Geologist looked for bedrock, but found that the site was on declayed limestone and on the edge of cliff The site was proposed to be moved 60 meters onto the softer ground, were they could build their own bedrock consisting of concrete The sky bridge connecting the two towers was design for emergency purposes, such as a terrorist attack, fires, and other emergencies
Constrains The not suitable bedrock (foundation) A lack of steel The concrete was not suitable, too soft They had to create a new form od concrete that acted the same as steel; strong with a degree of flexibility Flooring was time consuming
Petronas Twin Towers
Petronas Twin Towers
Issues during construction Issue One The foundation slab If the concrete dried unevenly, the slab would crack, thus seriously weaken the ability to support the building above. Therefore, they decided to pour the concrete all at the once, scheduling concrete trucks to arrive every 2,5 minutes for 52 hours, without a break
Issues during construction Issue Two The weather The Malaysian weather is susceptible to torrential rain, this is also problematic to the slab, as the concrete can get too wet, and become ruined. They covered the entire slab with canvas, the equivalent to 56 circus tents
Petronas Twin Towers
Petronas Twin Towers
Closing During the final stage of construction the pinnacles were constructed and placed on top of the towers, completing the record for the tallest tower Construction was completed in 1996, therefore reaching the 6 year deadline, with days to spare
Petronas Twin Towers
Sources: Pictures and informations http://www.worldfortravel.com/2013/01/14/ petronas-twin-towers-malaysia/ http://www.kiat.net/towers/reality.html http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- ospMzvVIPl0/T6Jhqf7t1BI/AAAAAAAAAHE/3P gggM0kqE4/s1600/A012- 00571_Heavy_reinforcement_in_concrete_col umns_for_the_two_Petronas_towers_during_ construction_in_Kuala_Lum.jpg
Sources: Pictures and informations https://prezi.com/weeiw2lccw68/the- petronas-twin-towers-project-lifecycle/# http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01- 01/fireworks-explode-above-petronas- towers/3754088
Thank you for your attention

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Petronas Twin Towers

  • 2. The Petronas Towers are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and remain the tallest twin towers in the world. The buildings are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, along with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower.
  • 4. Basic Information Architect: Cesar Pelli and Associates Client: Kuala Lumpur City Centre Holdings The development of the Petronas Twin Towers begun in 1990, and was completed in 1996 88 storey office towers, with a connecting sky bridge Tower one construction team: Led by Robert Pratt T1 Pinnacle Team Hazama Corp. Tower Two and skybridge construction team: Led by Jon Dunsford T2 Pinnacle Team Samsung C&T and Kukdong Engineers & Construction
  • 5. Basic Information Estimated to build in 8 years, built in 6 years. Total cost: 1,6 billion $ Estimated to cost $700,000 each day of construction (about 8 years- $2 billions) thus, came under budget
  • 6. The driver for the project was to build the tallest building, this was supported by the Malaysian Government, to boost their standing within the world Prime minister had a huge impact during the design stage of the two structures In 1990 planning begun, while in 1991 Cesar Pelli won the design for the towers The Twin Towers were assigned to two separate contractors, one for each tower; Samsung C&T and Hazama Group. This was to promote competition
  • 8. Scope Two 88 story towers with, a connecting bridge The sky bridge connecting the two structures was also designed to act as a emergency escape in the case of terroristic attacks and fires Pinnacles on top of the towers design to represent islamic culture The use of glass windows Strive for the tallest building and originality
  • 11. Time The construction was estimated to take 8 years, however there was an eight month delay It was completed in 6 years, two years under what was predicted It was vital that the building was constructed to the management plan, as it would cost $700,000 per day after the deadline
  • 12. Planning The Construction site was chosen: Kuala Lumpur Race Track Cesar Pellis designs for the towers were rejected by the Prime Minister, as they werent Malaysian enough, meaning that they didnt represent Islam sufficiently The Prime Minister begun to re-design the floor plan for the building, changing it to two interlocking squares, creating a shape of eight-pointed stars, which symbolize the islamic principles of unity within unity, harmony, stability, and rationality During the planning stage the cost estimation is determined. The Malaysian budget only allowed for 6 years of construction Additionaly, the planning stage is the final green light for the project to commence
  • 13. Execution During the execution stage, the scope and schedule are identified and determined The schedule allowed for 4 days of construction per floor, it initially took 8 day, they had to construct uninterrupted, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week Construction began in early 1993
  • 16. Execution A site establishment is conducted during this stage, however, the engineers discovered that there had never been a proper analysis of the site, the site came to a standstill Geologist looked for bedrock, but found that the site was on declayed limestone and on the edge of cliff The site was proposed to be moved 60 meters onto the softer ground, were they could build their own bedrock consisting of concrete The sky bridge connecting the two towers was design for emergency purposes, such as a terrorist attack, fires, and other emergencies
  • 17. Constrains The not suitable bedrock (foundation) A lack of steel The concrete was not suitable, too soft They had to create a new form od concrete that acted the same as steel; strong with a degree of flexibility Flooring was time consuming
  • 20. Issues during construction Issue One The foundation slab If the concrete dried unevenly, the slab would crack, thus seriously weaken the ability to support the building above. Therefore, they decided to pour the concrete all at the once, scheduling concrete trucks to arrive every 2,5 minutes for 52 hours, without a break
  • 21. Issues during construction Issue Two The weather The Malaysian weather is susceptible to torrential rain, this is also problematic to the slab, as the concrete can get too wet, and become ruined. They covered the entire slab with canvas, the equivalent to 56 circus tents
  • 24. Closing During the final stage of construction the pinnacles were constructed and placed on top of the towers, completing the record for the tallest tower Construction was completed in 1996, therefore reaching the 6 year deadline, with days to spare
  • 26. Sources: Pictures and informations http://www.worldfortravel.com/2013/01/14/ petronas-twin-towers-malaysia/ http://www.kiat.net/towers/reality.html http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- ospMzvVIPl0/T6Jhqf7t1BI/AAAAAAAAAHE/3P gggM0kqE4/s1600/A012- 00571_Heavy_reinforcement_in_concrete_col umns_for_the_two_Petronas_towers_during_ construction_in_Kuala_Lum.jpg
  • 27. Sources: Pictures and informations https://prezi.com/weeiw2lccw68/the- petronas-twin-towers-project-lifecycle/# http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01- 01/fireworks-explode-above-petronas- towers/3754088
  • 28. Thank you for your attention