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Pneumocystis_jirovecii_pneumonia[1].pptx

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Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia By group1: Elizabeth Hara Emily Thembachako Doreen Gwazeni Pemphero Nguluwe
Broad objective By the end of this presentation the participants should be able to acquire knowledge , attitude and skill toward pneumocystic jirovecii pneumonia
Specific objective By the end of this presentation participants should be able to : Explain the aetiology of pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia Describe the causative organisms of pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia Explain the clinical manifestation of of pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia Explain the medical management of this condition Explain the nursing management of pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia
Description It is a rare, serious lung infection that causes inflammation and fluid build up. It is caused by a fungi known as pneumocystis jirovecii. This fungi spreads by air. This infection is very common in people who have a weaken immunity which includes those people living with HIV and AIDS. In very rare cases, the infection can infect other parts of the body such as the liver, lymph nodes and the bone marrow.
Epidimiology before the widespread use of prophylaxis for pjp the frequency of the disease was high pjp occured in 70-80% of patients with HIV infections in developing countries pjp was thought to be lower but atudies showed that this was a failure to diagnose pjp accurately in 2005 pnuemocystis infection increased in africa 80% of infants with pnuemonia who had HIV infection
Risk factors Patients with HIV and immunocompromised patients Age less than 1yr People whove had organ transplants People who take drugs for autoimmune diseases People with blood cancers
Pathophysiology The pneumonia attaches to the alveolar epithelium where it transforms from its smallest trophic form to larger cystic form. This attachment causes the body to react causing injury and impaired gas exchange which can later result in respiratory failure.
Pneumocystis_jirovecii_pneumonia[1].pptx
Pneumocystis_jirovecii_pneumonia[1].pptx
Clinical signs Patients present with the following: Extreme shortness of breath Dry cough Fever may or may not be present (Tachypnoea, dyspnoea and hypoxia) In infants less than 2 months, signs of severe pneumonia will be seen(Tachypnoea, dyspnoea and hypoxia)
Diagnosis/ investigations Clear history taking Chest x-ray Test for covid-19
Medical management Give cotrimoxazole 120mg/kg/day in three divided doses. Give IV or through an NGT if patient is unable to swallow. If hypoxic or in respiratory distress, give prednisolone 2mg/kg in 24hrs for 7 days then 1mg/kg in 24hrs for 7 days then 0.5mg/kg in 24hrs for 7 days. Start ARVs if AIDS is causing the condition. administer benzyl penicillin 50000 units/kg/dose 12hrly, thereafter 6hrly for children in their first week of life.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS Ineffective airway clearance related to increased production of secretions as evidenced by presence of crackles. Impaired gas exchange related to inflammation and presence of fluid and mucus in the lungs as evidenced by dyspnoea Ineffective coping mechanism(anxiety) related to disease prognosis as evidenced guardians asking too many questions.
Nursing management goal Patient should maintain clear, patent airway Patient manifests absence of signs and symptoms of respiratory distress Guardians verbalise concerns about the health status of the child.
NURSING MANAGEMENT Ensure adequate hydration assist in thing secretions Allow and encourage the child to assume position of choice Administer analgesics if there is pain due to coughing as prescribed Provide supplemental oxygen Provide education to parents and guardians administer prescribed drugs
complications Lymphadenopathy Bone marrow involvement Involvement of the GIT and thyroid Acute respiratory distress syndrome Respiratory failure
Prevention Lifelong maintenance of cotrimoxazole Keep up with ART children born to mothers with HIV infection ahould recieve prophylaxis

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Pneumocystis_jirovecii_pneumonia[1].pptx

  • 1. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia By group1: Elizabeth Hara Emily Thembachako Doreen Gwazeni Pemphero Nguluwe
  • 2. Broad objective By the end of this presentation the participants should be able to acquire knowledge , attitude and skill toward pneumocystic jirovecii pneumonia
  • 3. Specific objective By the end of this presentation participants should be able to : Explain the aetiology of pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia Describe the causative organisms of pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia Explain the clinical manifestation of of pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia Explain the medical management of this condition Explain the nursing management of pneumocystic jirovecci pneumonia
  • 4. Description It is a rare, serious lung infection that causes inflammation and fluid build up. It is caused by a fungi known as pneumocystis jirovecii. This fungi spreads by air. This infection is very common in people who have a weaken immunity which includes those people living with HIV and AIDS. In very rare cases, the infection can infect other parts of the body such as the liver, lymph nodes and the bone marrow.
  • 5. Epidimiology before the widespread use of prophylaxis for pjp the frequency of the disease was high pjp occured in 70-80% of patients with HIV infections in developing countries pjp was thought to be lower but atudies showed that this was a failure to diagnose pjp accurately in 2005 pnuemocystis infection increased in africa 80% of infants with pnuemonia who had HIV infection
  • 6. Risk factors Patients with HIV and immunocompromised patients Age less than 1yr People whove had organ transplants People who take drugs for autoimmune diseases People with blood cancers
  • 7. Pathophysiology The pneumonia attaches to the alveolar epithelium where it transforms from its smallest trophic form to larger cystic form. This attachment causes the body to react causing injury and impaired gas exchange which can later result in respiratory failure.
  • 10. Clinical signs Patients present with the following: Extreme shortness of breath Dry cough Fever may or may not be present (Tachypnoea, dyspnoea and hypoxia) In infants less than 2 months, signs of severe pneumonia will be seen(Tachypnoea, dyspnoea and hypoxia)
  • 11. Diagnosis/ investigations Clear history taking Chest x-ray Test for covid-19
  • 12. Medical management Give cotrimoxazole 120mg/kg/day in three divided doses. Give IV or through an NGT if patient is unable to swallow. If hypoxic or in respiratory distress, give prednisolone 2mg/kg in 24hrs for 7 days then 1mg/kg in 24hrs for 7 days then 0.5mg/kg in 24hrs for 7 days. Start ARVs if AIDS is causing the condition. administer benzyl penicillin 50000 units/kg/dose 12hrly, thereafter 6hrly for children in their first week of life.
  • 13. NURSING DIAGNOSIS Ineffective airway clearance related to increased production of secretions as evidenced by presence of crackles. Impaired gas exchange related to inflammation and presence of fluid and mucus in the lungs as evidenced by dyspnoea Ineffective coping mechanism(anxiety) related to disease prognosis as evidenced guardians asking too many questions.
  • 14. Nursing management goal Patient should maintain clear, patent airway Patient manifests absence of signs and symptoms of respiratory distress Guardians verbalise concerns about the health status of the child.
  • 15. NURSING MANAGEMENT Ensure adequate hydration assist in thing secretions Allow and encourage the child to assume position of choice Administer analgesics if there is pain due to coughing as prescribed Provide supplemental oxygen Provide education to parents and guardians administer prescribed drugs
  • 16. complications Lymphadenopathy Bone marrow involvement Involvement of the GIT and thyroid Acute respiratory distress syndrome Respiratory failure
  • 17. Prevention Lifelong maintenance of cotrimoxazole Keep up with ART children born to mothers with HIV infection ahould recieve prophylaxis