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Consonant Digraphs
Made by Abdimominov M

What is Digraph?
 A consonant digraph is a combination
of two consonant letters that form a
single consonant speech
sound (technically known as
a consonant phoneme). Sometimes the
combination results in one letter
becoming silent, but many times the
pairing produces a unique sound that
neither letter would form on its own.

Digraph -CH
 The digraph CH forms three distinct
phonemes: /ʧ/, /k/, and /ʃ/. There are few
reliable spelling patterns that indicate
when CH will form one sound over
another, so we simply have to memorize
the different pronunciations. Below, we’ll
look at some common examples of each.

 Producing the sound /ʧ/
 The most common sound made by CH is /ʧ/, which is
formed by first pressing the tip of the tongue against
the roof of the mouth before forcing air through (to form
the /t/ sound) and then quickly pressing the sides of the
tongue against the top teeth and constricting the back
of the throat (to form the /ʃ/ [SH] sound). This is why the
symbol for /ʧ/ is a combination of /t/ and /ʃ/.
 CH often comes after T when it makes this sound
(forming a trigraph), but it can also do so on its own.

 achieve (/əˈʧiv/)
 beach (/biʧ/)
 child (/ʧaɪld/)
 teacher (/ˈtiʧər/)

DIGRAPH –CH as K
 Producing the sound /k/
 Less often, CH produces the same sound as a K or
hard C, transcribed in IPA as /k/. This sound almost
always occurs when CH appears at the beginning or in
the middle of a word. For example:
 Beginning PositionMid
Positionchemistry(/ˈkɛmɪstri/)choir(/ˈkwaɪər/)chord(/k
ɔrd/)chorus(/ˈkɔrəs/)Christmas(/ˈkrɪsməs/)anchor(/ˈæŋ
kər/)archive(/ˈɑrˌkaɪv/)psyche(/ˈsaɪki/)psychology(/saɪ
ˈkɑləʤi/)schedule(/ˈskɛʤʊl/)*synchronize(/ˈsɪŋkrəˌnaɪ
z/)technology(/tɛkˈnɑləʤi/)

THE SOUND /ʃ/
 Producing the sound /ʃ/
 Even less commonly, CH can be pronounced /ʃ/
(like the digraph SH), usually (but not always)
when it appears between two vowels. For
instance:
 brochure (/broʊˈʃʊr/)
 chef (/ʃɛf/)
 machine (/məˈʃin/)
 mustache (/ˈmʌˌstæʃ/)
 parachute (/ˈpɛrəˌʃut/)

DIGRAPH -GH
 The digraph GH can form two sounds—/g/ and
/f/—and can also be silent. GH only makes the
hard /g/ sound when it is at the beginning of a
syllable (and usually the beginning of a word).
However, when GH follows vowels within the
same syllable, it can either be silent or produce
the /f/ sound—the spelling alone will not dictate
which pronunciation it yields, making it a
particularly difficult digraph to learn.

 The hard /g/ sound is not very common
for the digraph GH, but there are a few
common words in which it appears:
 aghast (/əˈgæst/)
 ghetto (/ˈgɛtoʊ/)
 gherkin (/ˈgɜrkɪn/)
 ghost (/goʊst/)

 The /f/ phoneme is also not common for
this digraph. When GH is pronounced
this way, it almost always comes after the
vowels OU. For example:
 cough (/kɔf/)
 enough (/ɪˈnʌf/)
 rough (/rʌf/)

 Silent GH
 The most common pronunciation for GH is actually none at all.
While the /g/ and /f/ pronunciations of the digraph are relatively
uncommon, there are many words in which GH is silent.
 Like the /f/ pronunciation, silent GH also appears
after OU and AU, but it also follows the vowels AI, EI, and I. Be
careful, though; even though several words may have the same
vowels coming before silent GH, not all of them have the same
pronunciation. For example:
 OU + GHAU + GHAI + GHEI + GHI
bought(/bɔt/)dough(/doʊ/)fought(/fɔt/)ought(/ɔt/)through(/θru/)ca
ught(/kɔt/)daughter(/dɔtər/)fraught(/frɔt/)haughty(/ˈhɔti/)naughty(/
ˈnɔti/)straight(/streɪt/)eight(/eɪt/)neighbor(/ˈneɪbər/)height(/haɪt/)s
leight(/slaɪt/)weigh(/weɪ/)bright(/braɪt/)high(/haɪ/)night(/naɪt/)sig
ht(/saɪt/)thigh(/θaɪ/)

powerpointpresentationabouttDIGRAPHS.ppt

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powerpointpresentationabouttDIGRAPHS.ppt

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