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Privately owned public space
- 1. Privately owned public space (POPS) OR privately owned public open spaces (POPOS)
- 2. Across the world, parks, plazas and promenades which were once in the hands of public authorities are coming under the control of private corporations. The term of Privately Owned Public Space was first invented in 1960s in New York City. DEFENITION Privately owned public space (POPS), or alternatively privately owned public open spaces (POPOS), are terms used to describe a type of public space that, although privately owned, is legally required to be open to the public under a city's zoning ordinance or other land- use law. This is a product of a mutual deal between the cities and its private sectors, in which cities grant valuable zoning concessions in-return privately owned public spaces and its maintenance. While "privately owned public space" as a term of art refers specifically to private property required to be usable by the public under zoning or similar regulatory arrangements, the phrase in its broadest sense can refer to places, like shopping malls and hotel lobbies, that are privately owned and open to the public, even if they are not legally required to be open to the public. Why privatize? Part of the explanation for this trend is that local authorities are increasingly using existing public spaces to raise funds, by charging for events or leasing their spaces to companies. Many local governments have realized that attractively designed and well-maintained spaces can help to attract investors and certain types of users where as the government is unable to maintain all the spaces through out. Its vital way for cities to find ways to preserve, manage and create new public spaces.
- 3. MECHANISM As return of provision of public space to the city, floor area bonus was given to the owner. It means the owner can build higher with more floor area by freeing up some spaces on the ground level for public use. At the same time, they carry the responsibility to maintain and manage the space. Policy and the public space in Hong Kong EG: Time Square major shopping mall redeveloped from a former tramway depot. The public space provided in the Time Square is located at the corner of Russell Street and Matheson Road and acts as a node of the pedestrian network connecting different directions with the covered corridor and the linkage with the Causeway Bay MTR station. The plaza surrounded by high dense condition with generous set back becomes an important breathing space. Its good connection to the surroundings makes it become a meeting point. The plaza provided is open and easily accessible for the public. However, the plantings and seating provided in the plaza are insufficient to serve the public. The ratio of soft landscape is relatively low comparing to parks or gardens. Most public passages meet only the minimum requirement and not more than a corridor A very general regulation is applied to all range of public spaces and it allows developers to provide spaces which only meeting the minimum requirements no matter how large they are.
- 4. TIME SQUARE, Causeway Bay,Hong Kong
- 5. Policy and the public space in the New York City In the New York City, the policy of POPS was influential to the cityscape, especially in the commercial districts. Established as a part of the zoning regulation in 1961. Isolated plazas and arcades were provided to satisfy the minimum requirement and make little impact made on the urban condition. Plaza was replaced by Urban Plaza and Residential Plazas which introduced in 1975 with clearly defined requirements on various criteria to ensure the quality of the dedicated public space. EG: 590, Madison Avenue One of the successful covered pedestrian spaces. The building is situated at a dense commercial district in a corner between the Fifth Avenue and the 57th Street. It is well connected to the two adjacent streets and the neighboring buildings and provide as an alternative circulation. A transparent atrium is provided on the ground level with connection to its adjacent street. Its transparent fa巽ade allows direction visual connection with the streets and draw people to the interior. Plenty of vegetation and movable chairs and tables are offered as a welcoming gesture and create a leisure atmosphere.
- 6. 590, Madison Avenue, New York city, Nyc.
- 7. URBAN INFLUENCE The policy of POPS is responding to this current urban phenomenon by allowing co- operation between the private and the public so as to balance the interest of the two parties. This kind of contribution of public spaces can be integrated with the urban fabric and influence the pedestrian experience. The developers are urged to take up the social responsibility through the policy of POPS. COCLUSION Public space is a place where all the public is allowed to have the rights of access and use, but not necessarily related to its ownership. Both the government and private developers provide public space to serve the public life. The policy of privately owned public space allows the contribution from the private sectors and beneficial to the private urban development. Accessibility, visibility and usability are important to ensure the protection of the public realm. The involvement of private sector can share the cost of urban development, but privatization of the public spaces may easily occur without careful guidelines and regulations.