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Profiling Learners with Special Needs for Custom E-Learning Experiences, a Closed Case?

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Silvia Mirri

This document proposes a complete profiling approach for e-learners that combines learner profiles describing accessibility needs (ACCLIP) with device profiles describing technical capabilities (CC/PP). It presents two use cases where learner and device profiles are used to dynamically adapt e-learning content. The profiling approach has been implemented in a web-based learning system that can customize multimedia content based on learner needs and device capabilities.

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Profiling Learners with Special Needs for Custom E-Learning Experiences, a Closed Case? Paola Salomoni Silvia Mirri Stefano Ferretti Marco Roccetti Department of Computer Science Universit di Bologna
Summary Introduction Profiling standards A practical approach Use cases Conclusions
Introduction Specific contents can be delivered to the user on the basis of her/his device (which could be equipped with assistive technologies) Accessible e-learning: allows distance and flexible educational activities decreases the risk of excluding individuals with particular access capabilities increases the social inclusion of non-typical learners
Introduction Profiling users and devices is a complex issue Languages, protocols and tools have been proposed which can be exploited devices and users profiles to separately create None of them is effective in capturing the fundamentals of a learner profile, especially in the case of learner with special needs who may access contents through the use of different devices
Complete Profile Learners Profiles Devices Profiles
Complete Profile A complete information could be profitably exploited so as to increase the didactical experience provided to students Based on such information, flexible strategies can be devised, which are able to produce accessible, customized and multimedia learning experiences to learners with different skills and who gain access through the use of diverse devices
Profiling Devices Well known profiling devices protocols which describe technical characteristics of devices (in terms of hardware and software capabilities): CC/PP (Composite Capabilities/Preferences Profile) UAProf (User Agent Profile)
Profiling Learners Well known learners profiling protocols: IMS LIP (Learner Information Package): IMS ACCLIP (Accessibility Learner Information): a standard specification used to profile learners in terms of accessibility constraints
Complete Profile Complete Profile = ACCLIP U CC/PP browsers user agent software hardware CCPP Profile eligibility control content display IMS A CCLIP Profile
Our Approach Our approach is based on the idea to put together the strengths of ACCLIP and CC/PP: requirements which are needed by the user to access a given content are described using ACCLIP derived elements software/hardware features availability on the device in use is described using CC/PP derived elements
Complete Profile browser user agent software hardware CC/PP Profile eligibility control content display IMS A CCLIP Profile Assistive Technologies Common Definitions
A wider view Our profiling approach has been included in a Web-based Learning Objects Transcoder Our system is able to dynamically adapt rich media didactical contents, based on the exploited profiling approach, in order to meet learners needs and device capabilities
A wider view
Use case 1 ... <accessForAll ... > <display> <visualAlert> <visualAlertGeneric> <systemSounds value=&quot;captionBar&quot;/> <captions value=&quot;true&quot;/> </visualAlertGeneric> </visualAlert> </display> ... <control> <mouseEmulation> <mouseEmulationGeneric> <speed value=&quot;0.5&quot;/> <acceleration value=&quot;0.5&quot;/> <device value=&quot;keypad&quot;/> </mouseEmulationGeneric> </mouseEmulation> </control> </context> </accessForAll> ...
Use case 1 [sfa:AProfile] | +ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalHardware] | | | +-rdf:type->sfa:HardwarePlatform] | +--ex:displayWidth----> &quot;240&quot; | +--ex:displayHeight---> &quot;320&quot; | +--sfa:audio----------> yes | +--sfa:imagecapable---> yes | +--sfa:brailledisplay-> no | +--sfa:keyboard-------> no ...
Use case 1 ... +ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalSoftware] | | | +-rdf:type-> [sfa:SoftwarePlatform] | +-ccpp:defaults-> [sfa:SWDefaults] | +-sfa:name------> Pocket PC ... | +-sfa:tool-------->[ ] | | | | | ----------------- | | | | | +--rdf:type---->[rdf:Seq] | | +--rdf:_1------>jaws6.20 ... | +-sfa:audio----------> [ ] | | | | | --------------------- | | | | | +--rdf:type---> [rdf:Bag] | | +--rdf:_1-----> wav | | +--rdf:_2-----> mp3 | | +--rdf:_3-----> mid | | ...
Use case 1 ... | +-ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalBrowser] | +-rdf:type------> [sfa:BrowserUA] +-ccpp:defaults-> [sfa:UADefaults] +-sfa:name-->Pocket Internet Explorer +-sfa:version---> 4.1 +-sfa:javascriptversion-> [ ] ... +--sfa:CSS-------------> [ ] ... +--sfa:htmlsupported---> [ ] ... +--sfa:mimesupported---> [ ] ... +--sfa:language--------> [ ] ...
Use case 2 ... <accessForAll ...&quot;> <display> <screenReader> <screenReaderGeneric> <link value=&quot;speakLink&quot;/> <link value=&quot;differentVoice&quot;/> <speechRate value=&quot;500&quot;/> <pitch value=&quot;0.8&quot;/> <volume value=&quot;0.5&quot;/> </screenReaderGeneric> </screenReader> <braille></braille> </display> <control> <keyboardEnhanced> </keyboardEnhanced> <mouseEmulation></mouseEmulation> <voiceRecognition> </voiceRecognition> </control> </context> </accessForAll> ...
Use case 2 [sfa:BProfile] | +-ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalHardware] | | | +-rdf:type-->[sfa:HardwarePlatform] | +-ex:displayWidth----> &quot;1024&quot; | +-ex:displayHeight---> &quot;768&quot; | +-sfa:audio----------> yes | +-sfa:imagecapable---> yes | +-sfa:brailledisplay-> yes | +-sfa:keyboard-------> yes ...
Use case 2 ... +-ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalSoftware] | | | +-rdf:type---> [sfa:SoftwarePlatform] | +-ccpp:defaults---> [sfa:SWDefaults] | +-sfa:name->Windows XP Professional ... | +-sfa:tool-------->[ ] | | | | | ----------------- | | | | | +--rdf:type---->[rdf:Seq] | | +--rdf:_1------>jaws7.0 ... | +-sfa:audio------>[ ] ... | +-sfa:video------>[ ] ... | +--sfa:SMILplayer->[ ] ...
Use case 2 ... +-ccpp:component--> [sfa:TerminalBrowser] | +-rdf:type---------> [sfa:BrowserUA] +-ccpp:defaults----> [sfa:UADefaults] +--sfa:name------>Internet Explorer +--sfa:version---------> 6.0 +--sfa:javascriptversion-> [ ] ... +--sfa:CSS-------------> [ ] ... +--sfa:htmlsupported---> [ ] ... +--sfa:mimesupported---> [ ] ... +--sfa:language--------> [ ] ...
Conclusions We have presented a practical approach, which enables to fully profile e-learners. The idea at the basis of our approach is taking into consideration both physical human needs of the user and technical characteristics of the device he/she uses. The profiling method we devised has been included into a Web-based e-learning platform we developed which is able to dynamically adapt rich multimedia e-learning materials.
Contacts For further information: mirri@cs.unibo.it

More Related Content

Profiling Learners with Special Needs for Custom E-Learning Experiences, a Closed Case?

  • 1. Profiling Learners with Special Needs for Custom E-Learning Experiences, a Closed Case? Paola Salomoni Silvia Mirri Stefano Ferretti Marco Roccetti Department of Computer Science Universit di Bologna
  • 2. Summary Introduction Profiling standards A practical approach Use cases Conclusions
  • 3. Introduction Specific contents can be delivered to the user on the basis of her/his device (which could be equipped with assistive technologies) Accessible e-learning: allows distance and flexible educational activities decreases the risk of excluding individuals with particular access capabilities increases the social inclusion of non-typical learners
  • 4. Introduction Profiling users and devices is a complex issue Languages, protocols and tools have been proposed which can be exploited devices and users profiles to separately create None of them is effective in capturing the fundamentals of a learner profile, especially in the case of learner with special needs who may access contents through the use of different devices
  • 5. Complete Profile Learners Profiles Devices Profiles
  • 6. Complete Profile A complete information could be profitably exploited so as to increase the didactical experience provided to students Based on such information, flexible strategies can be devised, which are able to produce accessible, customized and multimedia learning experiences to learners with different skills and who gain access through the use of diverse devices
  • 7. Profiling Devices Well known profiling devices protocols which describe technical characteristics of devices (in terms of hardware and software capabilities): CC/PP (Composite Capabilities/Preferences Profile) UAProf (User Agent Profile)
  • 8. Profiling Learners Well known learners profiling protocols: IMS LIP (Learner Information Package): IMS ACCLIP (Accessibility Learner Information): a standard specification used to profile learners in terms of accessibility constraints
  • 9. Complete Profile Complete Profile = ACCLIP U CC/PP browsers user agent software hardware CCPP Profile eligibility control content display IMS A CCLIP Profile
  • 10. Our Approach Our approach is based on the idea to put together the strengths of ACCLIP and CC/PP: requirements which are needed by the user to access a given content are described using ACCLIP derived elements software/hardware features availability on the device in use is described using CC/PP derived elements
  • 11. Complete Profile browser user agent software hardware CC/PP Profile eligibility control content display IMS A CCLIP Profile Assistive Technologies Common Definitions
  • 12. A wider view Our profiling approach has been included in a Web-based Learning Objects Transcoder Our system is able to dynamically adapt rich media didactical contents, based on the exploited profiling approach, in order to meet learners needs and device capabilities
  • 14. Use case 1 ... <accessForAll ... > <display> <visualAlert> <visualAlertGeneric> <systemSounds value=&quot;captionBar&quot;/> <captions value=&quot;true&quot;/> </visualAlertGeneric> </visualAlert> </display> ... <control> <mouseEmulation> <mouseEmulationGeneric> <speed value=&quot;0.5&quot;/> <acceleration value=&quot;0.5&quot;/> <device value=&quot;keypad&quot;/> </mouseEmulationGeneric> </mouseEmulation> </control> </context> </accessForAll> ...
  • 15. Use case 1 [sfa:AProfile] | +ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalHardware] | | | +-rdf:type->sfa:HardwarePlatform] | +--ex:displayWidth----> &quot;240&quot; | +--ex:displayHeight---> &quot;320&quot; | +--sfa:audio----------> yes | +--sfa:imagecapable---> yes | +--sfa:brailledisplay-> no | +--sfa:keyboard-------> no ...
  • 16. Use case 1 ... +ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalSoftware] | | | +-rdf:type-> [sfa:SoftwarePlatform] | +-ccpp:defaults-> [sfa:SWDefaults] | +-sfa:name------> Pocket PC ... | +-sfa:tool-------->[ ] | | | | | ----------------- | | | | | +--rdf:type---->[rdf:Seq] | | +--rdf:_1------>jaws6.20 ... | +-sfa:audio----------> [ ] | | | | | --------------------- | | | | | +--rdf:type---> [rdf:Bag] | | +--rdf:_1-----> wav | | +--rdf:_2-----> mp3 | | +--rdf:_3-----> mid | | ...
  • 17. Use case 1 ... | +-ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalBrowser] | +-rdf:type------> [sfa:BrowserUA] +-ccpp:defaults-> [sfa:UADefaults] +-sfa:name-->Pocket Internet Explorer +-sfa:version---> 4.1 +-sfa:javascriptversion-> [ ] ... +--sfa:CSS-------------> [ ] ... +--sfa:htmlsupported---> [ ] ... +--sfa:mimesupported---> [ ] ... +--sfa:language--------> [ ] ...
  • 18. Use case 2 ... <accessForAll ...&quot;> <display> <screenReader> <screenReaderGeneric> <link value=&quot;speakLink&quot;/> <link value=&quot;differentVoice&quot;/> <speechRate value=&quot;500&quot;/> <pitch value=&quot;0.8&quot;/> <volume value=&quot;0.5&quot;/> </screenReaderGeneric> </screenReader> <braille></braille> </display> <control> <keyboardEnhanced> </keyboardEnhanced> <mouseEmulation></mouseEmulation> <voiceRecognition> </voiceRecognition> </control> </context> </accessForAll> ...
  • 19. Use case 2 [sfa:BProfile] | +-ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalHardware] | | | +-rdf:type-->[sfa:HardwarePlatform] | +-ex:displayWidth----> &quot;1024&quot; | +-ex:displayHeight---> &quot;768&quot; | +-sfa:audio----------> yes | +-sfa:imagecapable---> yes | +-sfa:brailledisplay-> yes | +-sfa:keyboard-------> yes ...
  • 20. Use case 2 ... +-ccpp:component-> [sfa:TerminalSoftware] | | | +-rdf:type---> [sfa:SoftwarePlatform] | +-ccpp:defaults---> [sfa:SWDefaults] | +-sfa:name->Windows XP Professional ... | +-sfa:tool-------->[ ] | | | | | ----------------- | | | | | +--rdf:type---->[rdf:Seq] | | +--rdf:_1------>jaws7.0 ... | +-sfa:audio------>[ ] ... | +-sfa:video------>[ ] ... | +--sfa:SMILplayer->[ ] ...
  • 21. Use case 2 ... +-ccpp:component--> [sfa:TerminalBrowser] | +-rdf:type---------> [sfa:BrowserUA] +-ccpp:defaults----> [sfa:UADefaults] +--sfa:name------>Internet Explorer +--sfa:version---------> 6.0 +--sfa:javascriptversion-> [ ] ... +--sfa:CSS-------------> [ ] ... +--sfa:htmlsupported---> [ ] ... +--sfa:mimesupported---> [ ] ... +--sfa:language--------> [ ] ...
  • 22. Conclusions We have presented a practical approach, which enables to fully profile e-learners. The idea at the basis of our approach is taking into consideration both physical human needs of the user and technical characteristics of the device he/she uses. The profiling method we devised has been included into a Web-based e-learning platform we developed which is able to dynamically adapt rich multimedia e-learning materials.
  • 23. Contacts For further information: mirri@cs.unibo.it