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INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
Z genius Academy
Eng./ Ahmed Osman

COURSE CONTENTS
Programming Fundamentals
Why Python ? (Python Fields)
Python Basics
OOP & Functional Programming
Artificial intelligence with applied project

INTRODUCTION
• In Our Course No Any background required.
• Only Need Patience, Desire & Time.

OUR GOAL
• Know Basics of Programming.
• Know Basics of Python.
• Deal with microcontrollers compatible with python (e.x. Raspberry pi).
• Apply a complete real project with python hardware and software.

SMALL INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
• Computer is a group of transistors (Switches).
• Know Basics of Python.
• Computer understand only Binary (Machine Language (0,1))
• Initially computer is designed for Mathematical operations, then updated for Logic
operations but still Only understand binary language.
• For Example: ADD operation can be 011 & Subtract: 001.

CONT. SMALL INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
• Computer is a memory Applied operations.
• Memory is Size and Location.
• Unit size of computer memory is byte = 8 bits.

APPEARANCE OF ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
Is it Logic to coding using binary (Machine Language)?
The answer will be of course Not.
So, we need a transition language between human language and machine language.
This transition language is the Assembly language.
EX: MOV ebx, 4

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
But Still is it easy for programmer?
The answer will be of course Not.

APPEARANCE HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
For Example:
1) JavaScript.
2) Python.
3) C .
4) C #.
For Example:
Z = x + y == > Python code.

HOW COMPUTER UNDERSTAND CODE
• Computer understand programmer code if written in assembly through Compiler.
• Compiler : its Function is to convert Assembly code  Machine Language.
• Computer understand programmer code if written in high level language through
interpreter or compiler.
• High level language are divided into:
• A) Compiled language. [Your Code Convert into Machine Language] [ Compiler]
• B) Interpreted Language. [Your Code Convert into Byte Code] [ Interpreter]
• Unit size of computer memory is byte = 8 bits.

WHAT IS CODING
• Any code is a solution for certain problem.
• Any problem is :
• 1) Data.
• 2) Steps.
• 3) Solution.
• Any Code is :
• 1) Input.
• 2) Algorithm.
• 3) Output.

WHY LEARN PYTHON
1) Python is free open source .
2) appeared from 21 Years so has a big community.
3) Python is interpreted language.
4) Python contributed in All Fields.
5) Ex: [A.I , Mobile App,Web development, Desktop App,… etc. ].
6) Python is a cross platform.
7) In this Course we will concern on A.I Specially Machine learning & Image Processing fields.

OUR TOOLS
Download Pycharm as IDE.
https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/#section=windows
Download Python.
https://www.python.org/downloads/

OUR FIRST CODE
• How does Python code Execute?
• Python code executes Line by Line from the top.
• Ex:
• Print(“Ahmed”)
• Print(“Osman”)
• Print(‘# * 5’ )
• Print(‘#*5’)

VARIABLES
• Data must be stored in form of variables.
• Variable is a place in memory that has name and location.
• Variable must have a value can be accessed by its name.
• Variables have many type according to value of data.
• Ex: Creating aVariable:
X = 5

CONT. VARIABLES
• As we know variable accessed by its Name.
• So, How to name variable?
• Single or Double Quotes
• Case-Sensitive.
• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number.
• A variable name cannot be any of the Python keywords.
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-
9, and _ )

CONT. VARIABLES
• Many Values to Multiple Variables
• x, y, z = “Ahmed", “Ali", “Mona"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
•One Value to Multiple Variables
• x = y = z = “Ahmed"

CONT. VARIABLES
• Unpack a Collection
Names = [‘Ahmed", ’Ali", ’mohamed"]
x, y, z = fruits
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
• Value ofVariable
• Often use Print() Function.

GLOBAL VARIABLES
• Variables that are created outside of a function (as in all of the examples above)
are known as global variables.
Global variables can be used by everyone, both inside of functions and outside.
Example:
x = “Easy"
def myfunc():
print("Python is " + x)
myfunc()

GLOBAL VARIABLES
• Create a variable inside a function, with the same name as the global variable
x = “Easy"
def myfunc():
x = “VeryEasy"
myfunc()

PYTHON DATA TYPES
Text Type: str
Numeric Types: int, float, complex
Sequence Types: list, tuple, range
Mapping Type: dict
Set Types: set, frozenset
Boolean Type: bool
Binary Types: bytes, bytearray,
memoryview
None Type: NoneType

PYTHON NUMBERS
•Int.  Int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals, of
unlimited length.
•Float.  Float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative,
containing one or more decimals.
• Float can also be scientific numbers with an "e" to indicate the power of 10.
•Complex.  Complex numbers are written with a "j" as the imaginary part
x = 1 # int
y = 2.8 # float
z = 1j # complex

PYTHON CASTING
• Specify a Variable Type
•
x = int(1) # x will be 1
y = int(2.8) # y will be 2
z = int("3") # z will be 3

PYTHON STRINGS
• Strings in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or
double quotation marks.
• 'hello' is the same as "hello".
• You can display a string literal with the print() function:
x = int(1) # x will be 1
y = int(2.8) # y will be 2
z = int("3") # z will be 3
• a = ""“Python is esay,
it envolves in many projects,
and different fields
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua."""

PYTHON STRINGS
• Strings are Arrays
• a = "Hello, World!"
• print(a[1])

LOOPING THROUGH STRING
• for x in "banana":
• print(x)
• String Length:
• a = "Hello,World!"
• print(len(a))

CHECK STRING
• To check if a certain phrase or character is present in a string, we can use the
keyword in.
• txt = "The best things in life are free!"
if "free" in txt:
print("Yes, 'free' is present.")
txt = "The best things in life are free!"
if "expensive" not in txt:
print("No, 'expensive' is NOT present.")

SLICING STRING
• b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:5])
Slice From the Start
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[:5])
Slice To the End
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:])

NEGATIVE INDEXING
b = "Hello,World!"
print(b[-5:-2])
Use negative indexes to start the slice from
the end of the string:

MODIFY SRING
Python has a set of built-in methods that
you can use on strings.
Upper Case
a = "Hello,World!"
print(a.upper())

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